Marine and Petroleum Geology 66 (2015) 18E40
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Marine and Petroleum Geology 66 (2015) 18e40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine and Petroleum Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpetgeo Research paper The Roussillon Basin (S. France): A case-study to distinguish local and regional events between 6 and 3 Ma Georges Clauzon a, 1, Paul Le Strat b,Cedric Duvail c, Damien Do Couto d, * Jean-Pierre Suc e, f, ,Stephane Molliex g, François Bache h, David Besson i, Everett H. Lindsay j, Neil D. Opdyke k, Jean-Loup Rubino l, Speranta-Maria Popescu m, Bilal U. Haq e, f, n, Christian Gorini e, f a Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France b 19 chemin du Champ Juvenal, 34170 Castelnau-le-Lez, France c GEOTER SAS, FUGRO Group, 3 rue Jean Monnet, 34830 Clapiers, France d Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, 13 rue des Maraîchers, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland e Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7193, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), 75005 Paris, France f CNRS, UMR 7193, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), 75005 Paris, France g Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, IUEM, Domaines oceaniques, UMR 6538 CNRS, 1 place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzane, France h GNS Science, Ocean Exploration Section, P.O. BOX 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New, Zealand i DREAL Centre, SHPEC/DHMD, 5 Avenue Buffon, 45064 Orleans La Source, Cedex 2, France j Department of Geosciences, Building #77, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA k Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA l TOTAL, TG/ISS, CSTJF, Avenue Laribeau, 64018 Pau Cedex, France m GeoBioStratData.Consulting, 385 route du Mas Rillier, 69140 Rillieux la Pape, France n National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, USA article info abstract Article history: The Roussillon Basin is a non-silled Miocene sedimentary basin filling a late Oligoceneeearly Miocene Received 13 July 2014 graben. The basin was intensively impacted by the Messinian fluvial erosion, as evidenced in exposed Received in revised form sections, in seismic profiles and in deep boreholes drilled for hydrocarbon exploration. As the basin was 10 March 2015 open to the Mediterranean Sea, the huge drop in sea level at the peak of the Messinian Salinity Crisis is Accepted 14 March 2015 clearly recorded, along with the subsequent sudden marine reflooding and the resulting prograding Available online 25 March 2015 sedimentary filling, particularly in Gilbert-type fan deltas. Here, the Messinian Erosional Surface (MES) is accurately mapped in a high-resolution document, which corrects the confusion resulting from the set of Keywords: Roussillon Basin 1:50,000 scale regional maps. Aim of the 3D reconstruction of the MES is to modernize geological Messinian subaerial erosion mapping, a crucial challenge for Mediterranean and peripheral areas. Thanks to a reliable chro- Zanclean sedimentary filling nostratigraphy provided by planktonic foraminifers, calcareous nannofossils, micro- and macro-mammal Prades olistostrome remains, paleomagnetism and a 10Be cosmogenic nuclide-derived study, our reconstruction is one of the most comprehensive models of changes in sea level from 6 to 3 Ma. After the marine reflooding of the Mediterranean Basin at 5.46 Ma, the fluctuations in sea level recorded in the Roussillon Basin were forced by global changes. Following reflooding, the Prades large olistostrome collapsed prepared by the pre- vious exhumation along the Canigou fault. The olistostrome is a good example of a local accident resulting from Messinian events. The exceptional changes in sea level at the peak of the Messinian Salinity Crisis deeply marked the Roussillon Basin, momentarily overprinting the Pyrenean orogenesis. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction * Corresponding author. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7193, The Roussillon Basin (southern France; Fig. 1A) opened as a Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (iSTeP), 75005 Paris, France. consequence of the CorsicaeSardinia rifting that created the E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-P. Suc). Algiers-Provence Basin in the Late OligoceneeEarly Miocene 1 G. Clauzon died on March, 12, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.012 0264-8172/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. G. Clauzon et al. / Marine and Petroleum Geology 66 (2015) 18e40 19 Figure 1. The Roussillon Basin. A, Map in the Western Mediterranean region. B, Simplified geological map of the Roussillon Basin showing the location of the offshore seismic profiles LRM96-08 and LRM96-11 and reconstructed Messinian fluvial network according to Lofi et al. (2003, 2005), Gorini et al. (2005) and Bache et al. (2009, 2012). Long wells used in this paper: 1, Canet 1; 2, Elne 1; 3, Mutualite agricole F1; 4, Ponteilla; 5, Rascasse 1; 6, Tramontane 1. Selection of sections studied: a, Codequas (Leucate); b, Trois Freres Cape (La Franqui); c, Saint-Martin (Millas); d, Poc Calbeil (Nefiach); e, Bente Farine (Nefiach); f, Les Orgues (Ille sur Tet);^ g, Les Escoumes (Vinça); h, La Lentilla (Marquixanes); i, Montcamill (Catlar); j, Coma del Mas (Serdinya); k, Saint-Eusebe pass; l, Villerach; m, Rigall (Thuir); n, Riberal (Trouillas); o, Les Forques (Banyuls dels Aspres); p, Moli Nou (Le Boulou); q, Pla del Rey (Tresserre); r, Els Pontells (Vives); s, Mas Tauriac (Ceret); t, Sant Pau chapel (Ceret). Localities with mammal fauna: LL, La Lentilla; V, Vives 2; M, Millas; I, Ille sur Tet;^ T, Terrats; S, Serrat d'en Vacquer; L, Leucate; LF, La Franqui. MES, Messinian Erosional Surface. (Guennoc et al., 1994; Mauffret et al., 2001). Thanks to long-term dimensional representation of the MES, and (3) shows the sedi- onshore and offshore investigations, this basin is one of the best mentary response to minor variations in Zanclean sea level. This known Neogene areas in the Mediterranean region (Deperet, 1885, paper is a major contribution to the new 3D evolutive mapping 1890e97; Bourcart, 1945; Gottis, 1958; Baudelot and Crouzel, 1974; project of the French Geological Survey (B.R.G.M.) named the Cravatte et al., 1974, 1984; Michaux, 1976; Suc, 1976; Cravatte and French Geological Reference Platform. After characterizing the MES Suc, 1981; Mein and Aymar, 1984; Clauzon and Cravatte, 1985; offshore and onshore and recalling its dating, (1) we provide an Clauzon, 1987, 1990; Clauzon et al., 1987, 1990; Aguilar et al., interpolated three-dimensional onland map that correlates with 1999; Guennoc et al., 2000; Duvail et al., 2005; Aunay et al., the offshore map published by Guennoc et al. (2000) and Gorini 2006; Suc and Fauquette, 2012). The structure of the Roussillon et al. (2005), (2) we pay particular attention to Zanclean varia- Basin was acquired during the Tortonian via two major faults tions in sea level, and (3) describe an outstanding local olistos- (Alberes and Prades) (Fig. 1B), which control its contact with the trome, and discuss its possible links with events caused by the MSC. Hercynian metamorphic basement (Clauzon, 1987; Mauffret et al., 2001; Le Strat and Duvail, 2008). The modern westeeast fluvial 2. The Messinian Erosional Surface drainage was also established at that time and was already down- cut in response to the uplift of the Canigou Massif (Clauzon, 1987). The MES is well studied offshore from the Gulf of Lions (Gorini, Because the Roussillon Basin remained open during the Messi- 1994; Guennoc et al., 2000; Lofi et al., 2003, 2005, 2011; Bache nian drawdown, (1) the peripheral evaporites (1st step of the et al., 2009) where Miocene sediments (below the unconformity) Messinian Salinity Crisis: MSC; Clauzon et al., 1996) were not and Pliocene sediments (above the unconformity) were accurately deposited here, and (2) the Messinian down-cutting of the pre- dated by foraminifer biostratigraphy in several long boreholes existing fluvial network (2nd step of the MSC; Clauzon et al., (Cravatte et al., 1974). The corresponding stratigraphic gap was 1996) had a significant impact on the basin (Clauzon et al., 1990; evidenced onshore in the Canet 1 and Elne 1 wells (Fig. 1B) Duvail et al., 2005). As a result, the older Neogene deposits ( Cravatte et al., 1984; Clauzon and Cravatte, 1985). Landward, in almost completely disappeared from the basin, which, in contrast, many places in the Roussillon Basin, evidence of the MES has been contains records of the marine reflooding and Zanclean variations found in either the basement or continental Miocene deposits, with in sea level (Fig. 1B). The vast overlay of continental Quaternary reliable ages provided by mammals (Deperet, 1890e97; Guerin, deposits makes it difficult to observe the contact between Zanclean 1975, 1982; Clauzon et al., 1987), calcareous nannofossils deposits and older rocks (i.e. the Messinian Erosional Surface, MES) (Cravatte et al., 1984) or mollusks (Fontannes, 1879e82; Deperet, except for the proximal river valleys, the edges of the basin and 1890e97; Martinell and Domenech, 1984, 1990). three more or less distal wells (Ponteilla, Canet 1 and Elne 1). Here, we present unpublished and partially published data Geological mapping is thus needed to accurately locate the MES consisting in (1) two offshore seismic profiles (one crossing the and its onshore to offshore course. Tramontane 1 well), (2) three long onshore transects using avail- This paper (1) presents an up-to-date summary of the Roussillon able well logs, and (3) proximal evidence of the MES. This approach Basin made possible by the completion of maps, which enabled us resulted in a new geological map of the Roussillon Basin and in a 3- to correct some recently published maps, (2) improves the three- dimensional reconstruction of the MES. 20 G. Clauzon et al. / Marine and Petroleum Geology 66 (2015) 18e40 2.1. Offshore seismic profiles LRM96-08, i.e. parallel to the Roussillon shoreline (Fig. 2). With respect to the map of the Messinian drainage published by Gorini The seismic lines LRM96-08 and LRM96-11 (Fig.