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LISTA ORNITICA DEL PALEARTICO OCCIDENTALE - EBN Italia (Vers. 1.1 - 01/2011) PRIMA OSSERVAZIONE di Igor Festari e Gianluigi Castelli X (1) Nome italiano (2) Nome scientifico (3) Sottospecie (4) Nome inglese (2) gm a Località Nazione STRUTHIONIFORMES Struthionidae Struzzo Struthio camelus Common Ostrich RHEIFORMES Rheidae Nandù Rhea americana Greater Rhea GALLIFORMES Numididae Faraona Numida meleagris Helmeted Guineafowl Odontophoridae Colino della California Callipepla californica California Quail Colino della Virginia Colinus virginianus Northern Bobwhite Phasianidae Tacchino Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey Francolino di monte Tetrastes bonasia Hazel Grouse Gallo cedrone Tetrao urogallus Western Capercaillie Fagiano di monte Lyrurus tetrix Black Grouse Fagiano di monte del Caucaso Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Caucasian Grouse Pernice bianca Lagopus muta Rock Ptarmigan Pernice bianca nordica Lagopus lagopus Willow Ptarmigan scoticus Pernice di Scozia Red Grouse Tetraogallo del Caucaso Tetraogallus caucasicus Caucasian Snowcock Tetraogallo del Caspio Tetraogallus caspius Caspian Snowcock Coturnice Alectoris graeca Rock Partridge whitakeri Coturnice di Sicilia Sicilian Partridge Coturnice orientale Alectoris chukar Chukar Partridge Pernice sarda Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge Pernice rossa Alectoris rufa Red-legged Partridge Pernice golagrigia Ammoperdix griseogularis See-see Partridge Pernice delle sabbie Ammoperdix heyi Sand Partridge Francolino Francolinus francolinus Black Francolin Francolino bisperonato Pternistis bicalcaratus Double-spurred Francolin Francolino di Erckel Pternistis erckelii Erckel's Francolin Starna Perdix perdix Grey Partridge Starna asiatica Perdix dauurica Daurian Partridge Quaglia Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Fagiano venerato Syrmaticus reevesii Reeves's Pheasant Fagiano comune Phasianus colchicus Common Pheasant Fagiano dorato Chrysolophus pictus Golden Pheasant Fagiano di Lady Amherst Chrysolophus amherstiae Lady Amherst's Pheasant ANSERIFORMES Anatidae Dendrocigna facciabianca Dendrocygna viduata White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocigna fulva Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocigna indiana Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling Duck Oca della taiga (5) Anser fabalis Taiga Bean Goose middendorffi Oca di Middendorff Middendorff's Bean Goose Oca granaiola Anser serrirostris Tundra Bean Goose Oca zamperosee Anser brachyrhynchus Pink-footed Goose Oca selvatica Anser anser Greylag Goose rubrirostris Oca selvatica siberiana Eastern Greylag goose Oca lombardella Anser albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose flavirostris Oca lombardella della Groenlandia Greenland White-fronted Goose Oca lombardella minore Anser erythropus Lesser White-fronted Goose Oca indiana Anser indicus Bar-headed Goose Oca delle nevi Chen caerulescens Snow Goose Oca di Ross Chen rossii Ross's Goose Oca imperatrice Chen canagica Emperor Goose Oca canadese (6) Branta canadensis Canada Goose interior Oca canadese di Todd Todd's Canada Goose parvipes Oca canadese intermedia Lesser Canada Goose Oca canadese di Hutchins (6) Branta hutchinsii Cackling Goose taverneri Oca canadese di Taverner Taverner's Cackling Goose minima Oca canadese minore Dark Cackling Goose Oca colombaccio Branta bernicla Brant Goose hrota Oca colombaccio atlantica Pale-bellied Brant Goose nigricans Oca colombaccio di Lawrence Black Brant Goose ssp. non descritta Oca colombaccio panciagrigia Grey-bellied Brant Goose Oca facciabianca Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose Oca collorosso Branta ruficollis Red-breasted Goose Cigno nero Cygnus atratus Black Swan Cigno reale Cygnus olor Mute Swan Cigno minore Cygnus columbianus [ bewickii ] (7) Bewick's Swan columbianus Cigno minore americano Whistling Swan Cigno selvatico Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan Oca dallo sperone Plectropterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose Oca egiziana Alopochen aegyptiaca Egyptian Goose Volpoca Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Casarca Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Anatra muta Cairina moschata Muscovy Duck Anatra sposa Aix sponsa Wood Duck Anatra mandarina Aix galericulata Mandarin Duck Oca pigmea indiana Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton Pygmy Goose Alzavola del Capo Anas capensis Cape Teal Canapiglia Anas strepera Gadwall Anatra falcata Anas falcata Falcated Duck Fischione Anas penelope Eurasian Wigeon Fischione americano Anas americana American Wigeon Anatra nera americana Anas rubripes American Black Duck Germano reale Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Marzaiola americana Anas discors Blue-winged Teal Mestolone del Capo Anas smithii Cape Shoveler Mestolone Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler Anatra beccorosso Anas erythrorhyncha Red-billed Teal Codone Anas acuta Northern Pintail Marzaiola Anas querquedula Garganey Alzavola asiatica Anas formosa Baikal Teal Alzavola Anas crecca Eurasian Teal Alzavola americana Anas carolinensis Green-winged Teal Anatra marmorizzata Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Duck Fistione turco Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard Fistione bruno Netta erythrophthalma Southern Pochard Moriglione beccolungo Aythya valisineria Canvasback Moriglione americano Aythya americana Redhead Moriglione Aythya ferina Common Pochard Moretta tabaccata Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck Moretta dal collare Aythya collaris Ring-necked Duck Moretta Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck Moretta grigia Aythya marila Greater Scaup Moretta grigia minore (8) Aythya affinis Lesser Scaup Edredone di Steller Polysticta stelleri Steller's Eider Edredone dagli occhiali Somateria fischeri Spectacled Eider Re degli edredoni Somateria spectabilis King Eider Edredone Somateria mollissima Common Eider borealis Edredone boreale Northern Eider dresseri Edredone americano American Eider Moretta arlecchino Histrionicus histrionicus Harlequin Duck Orco marino dagli occhiali Melanitta perspicillata Surf Scoter Orco marino Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Orco marino del Pacifico Melanitta deglandi White-winged Scoter stejnegeri Orco marino di Stejneger Stejneger's Scoter Orchetto marino Melanitta nigra Common Scoter Orchetto marino americano Melanitta americana Black Scoter Moretta codona Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Quattrocchi minore Bucephala albeola Bufflehead Quattrocchi Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Quattrocchi d'Islanda Bucephala islandica Barrow's Goldeneye Pesciaiola Mergellus albellus Smew Smergo dal cappuccio Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser Smergo maggiore Mergus merganser Common Merganser Smergo minore Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser Gobbo della Giamaica Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck Gobbo rugginoso Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck GAVIIFORMES Gaviidae Strolaga minore Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon Strolaga mezzana Gavia arctica Black-throated Loon Strolaga del Pacifico (9) Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon Strolaga maggiore Gavia immer Great Northern Loon Strolaga beccogiallo Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon PROCELLARIIFORMES Diomedeidae Albatros urlatore atlantico (10) Diomedea dabbenena (10) Tristan Albatross Albatros sopracciglineri (11) Thalassarche melanophris Black-browed Albatross Albatros cauto Thalassarche cauta Shy Albatross Albatros beccogiallo Thalassarche chlororhynchos Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross Procellariidae Ossifraga Macronectes giganteus Southern Giant Petrel Fulmaro Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar Procellaria del Capo Daption capense Cape Petrel Petrello di Schlegel Pterodroma incerta Atlantic Petrel Petrello soffice Pterodroma mollis Soft-plumaged Petrel Petrello di Madera (12) Pterodroma madeira Zino's Petrel Petrello di Fea Pterodroma feae Fea's Petrel Petrello delle Desertas Pterodroma deserta Desertas Petrel Cahow Pterodroma cahow Bermuda Petrel Petrello dal cappuccio Pterodroma hasitata Black-capped Petrel Petrello di Arminjon Pterodroma arminjoniana Trindade Petrel Berta facciabianca Calonectris leucomelas Streaked Shearwater Berta maggiore Calonectris diomedea Cory's Shearwater diomedea Berta maggiore mediterranea Scopoli's Shearwater borealis Berta maggiore 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tempeste panciabianca Fregetta grallaria White-bellied Storm Petrel Uccello delle tempeste pancianera Fregetta tropica Black-bellied Storm Petrel Uccello delle tempeste Hydrobates pelagicus European Storm Petrel melitensis Uccello delle tempeste mediterraneo Mediterranean Storm Petrel Uccello delle tempeste di Castro Oceanodroma castro Band-rumped Storm Petrel ssp.
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  • Passer Domesticus) in Southern Africa

    Passer Domesticus) in Southern Africa

    THE EVOLUTION OF THE HOUSE SPARROW (PASSER DOMESTICUS) IN SOUTHERN AFRICA by AUDREY OTTILIA MSIMANGA Submitted in fulfillment ofthe academic Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department ofLife and Environmental Sciences, University ofNatal Durban April 2001 ii ABSTRACT The house sparrow, Passer domesticus, is one of the most successful invading bird species in the world. It was introduced to southern Africa around 1900 and has since spread through the region. Its dispersal was characterised by an initial slow phase followed by a rapid increase in the rate ofspread. Following 50 years ofslow spread, the rate ofdispersal accelerated to over 80 km/year. The initial slow rate can be attributed to an Allee effect, defined as "a disproportionate reduction in reproduction below a threshold population density due to reduced probability of finding a mate". The rapid phase involved a combination of long-range jumps (leap-frogging dispersal) and diffusive movement over short distances. Dispersal was significantly faster along railway lines. Introduction of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus, to southern Africa involved unknown numbers of both the domesticus race of Europe and indicus of Asia, resulting in the establishment of a genetically diverse founder population along coastal South Africa. The birds have undergone significant differentiation since introduction about 100 years ago. Significant sexual size dimorphism was detected among southern African house sparrows, especially in flight structures. Males were larger than females in all characters except tarsus and claw length. Overall body size variation was clinaly ordered with a general increase in size with latitude in conformity with Bergmann's rule.