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Holarktikas LV Putnu Nosauku 4. pielikums 4. pielikums Galvenais redaktors Editor-in-chief A B Latvijas Ornitoloģijas biedrība A.k. 105, LV-1046, Rīga, Latvija [email protected] Literārie redaktori T!"#$"% Ķ'( D$)' Ķ'( Ilustrācijas M!( S*($+% Maketētāja I%($ V$/'')' Izdevējs L$*#2$ O(*3"372$ 8'%(98$ A.k. 105, LV-1046, Rīga, Latvija Tālr.: +371-67221580 Materiāls tapis ar [email protected] Latvijas vides aizsardzības fonda atbalstu www.lob.lv Žurnāla “Putni dabā” reģistrācijas numurs: 1716 ISSN 0132-2834 © 2014 Latvijas Ornitoloģijas biedrība Zīmējumu autortiesības saglabā autori Holarktikas putnu nosaukumi latviešu valodā M. Strazds, J. Baumanis, K. Funts Ievads Svešzemju putnu nosaukumu tulkošana Latvijā sākās jau ar pirmo publicēto grāmatu – E. Glika tulkoto Bībeli, jo jau tajā ir minēti vairāki svešzemju putni, piemēram, strauss ( Bībele. Latviešu val. 1689). Pēc tam dažādas Latvijā nesastopamas sugas ir minētas vairākās latviešu valodas vārdnīcās (Lange 1773; Stender 1789; u.c.), un daži no šiem nosaukumiem jau ir stabili iegājušies valodas praksē. Vajadzība pēc pilnīga putnu nosaukumu saraksta latviski ir palielinājusies pēdējā laikā, kad bija nepieciešams latviskot dažādu Latvijai saistošu konvenciju pielikumu tekstus, latviski tulko nopietnas enciklopēdijas (par putniem), tiek tulkotas dažādu zemju dokumentālās &lmas vai, vienkārši, daudzi cilvēki apceļo pasauli un grib citiem pastāstīt arī par eksotiskās zemēs redzētiem putniem. Arī tulkotajā daiļliteratūrā brīžiem pavīd kādi putni, kuru nosaukumi tiek latviskoti. Saraksta pamatu izveidoja Jānis Baumanis pēc holandiešu valodnieka Rūrda Jorritsma lūguma, kurš 1992. gadā sāka darbu pie putnu nosaukumu vārdnīcas izveides visās Eiropas valodās. Šobrīd vairs nav iespējams pateikt, cik no šeit publicētajiem nosaukumiem ir J. Baumaņa doti, taču viņa ieguldījums šā materiāla tapšanā ir ļoti nozīmīgs, tādēļ viņš saglabāts kā autors arī šim saraksta gala variantam. J. Baumanis visu materiālu pabeigšanai un publicēšanai nodeva man, un mazliet īsākā versijā (kā Palearktikas nosaukumus) to bija plānots publicēt žurnālā “Putni dabā“ jau 1995. gadā 1 Dažādu iemeslu dēļ saraksta publicēšana tika atlikta. Sagatavojot šo sarakstu, mēs izmantojām gan toreizējo manuskriptu, gan citos avotos publicētos nosaukumus. Galvenie jau publicēto nosaukumu avoti 2 ir 1 = AEWA 3, 2 = CITES 4, 3 = Putnu Direktīvas pielikums 5, 4 = (Bērnijs 2003), 5 = “tradicionāli“ lietoti Latvijas putnu nosaukumi. Trūkstošos nosaukumus radījām no 1 Ir saglabājusies pirmspublicēšanas maketa izdruka. M. Strazds, J. Baumanis (1995). Palearktikas putnu nosaukumi latviešu valodā. Putni dabā 5.1: 1–13. Sarakstā ir 1147 sugas. 2 Sk. saraksta ailē Avoti. Izmantoti 1–3 dokumenta darba varianti, kādi iesniegti apstiprināšanai. Publicētajās versijās atsevišķi nosaukumi var atšķirties (piemēram, atšķirīgas vietvārdu rakstības vai drukas kļūdu dēļ). 3 Līgums par Āfrikas-Eirāzijas migrējošo ūdensputnu aizsardzību. Pieņemts 01.11.1995., stājas spēkā: 01.01.2006., Latvijas Vēstnesis, 155 (3313), 29.09.2005. 4 Likums “Par 1973.gada Vašingtonas konvenciju par starptautisko tirdzniecību ar apdraudētajām savvaļas dzīvnieku un augu sugām“ . Pieņemts 17.12.1996., stājas spēkā: 03.01.1997., Latvijas Vēstnesis, 1/2 (716/717), 03.01.1997. 5 Ministru kabineta noteikumi Nr.211, Rīgā 2007.gada 27.martā (prot. Nr.21 30.§). Noteikumi par putnu sugu sarakstu, kurām piemēro īpašus dzīvotņu aizsardzības pasākumus, lai nodrošinātu sugu izdzīvošanu un vairošanos izplatības areālā. Putni dabā, pielikums 4: 1–84 1 M. Strazds, J. Baumanis, K. Funts. Holarktikas putnu nosaukumi latviešu valodā jauna, izmantojot principus, pēc kādiem veidoti autentiskie latviskie putnu nosaukumi un arī citu valodu nosaukumi. Lai izvēlētos atbilstošāko nosaukumu, ņēmām vērā putnu izskatu vai raksturīgu balsi, bet sugām, kuru izskats ir līdzīgs, to izplatības vai aprakstīšanas vietas. Dažas sugas līdzīgi kā citās valodās nosauktas ievērojamu cilvēku vārdos. Neviens nosaukums nav vienkārši pārtulkots vai pārnests no angļu vai kādas citas valodas. Esam atjaunojuši apritē arī dažus pēdējā laikā maz lietotus latviešu valodas vārdus, kuru skaidrojums atrodams raksta beigās pievienotajā vārdnīcā. Tāpat izlēmām, ka būtu lietderīgi paskaidrot visus nosaukumos minētos ģeogrā*skos nosaukumus (tabulā atzīmēti ar *), personu vārdus (**) un citus nesaprotamus nosaukumus (***). Saraksta uzmetums tika apspriests ar tiem kolēģiem, kuri izteica tādu vēlēšanos un varēja atlicināt tam laiku. Papildus autoriem diskusijās par dažiem n osaukumiem iesaistījās un savu viedokli pauda Edmunds Račinskis, Andris Klepers un Mareks Kilups. M. Kilups pārbaudīja arī visu ģeogrā*sko nosaukumu atbilstību, par ko viņam liels paldies! Tabulā ir vairāki nosaukumi, kuri lietoti iekavās. Tie ir nosaukumi, kuri pēc būtības ir nepareizi, bet ir ilgstoši lietoti (un var tāpat tikt lietoti arī turpmāk). Raksts par latviskajiem sinonīmiem sākotnēji bija paredzēts šajā pašā izdevumā, bet lielā apjoma un sagatavošanas ilguma dēļ tas nebija iespējams. Tādēļ tas tiks publicēts atsevišķi (Strazds, Ratkeviča “Putnu latvisko nosaukumu (ne)lietošanas vēsture un ieteicamie nosaukumi.“), bet tabulas ailē “Sinonīmi“ norādīti atbilstošo šķirkļu kārtas numuri no šīs publikācijas. Uzsveram, ka saraksts nav rekomendācijas noteiktas zinātniskās nomenklatūras izmantošanai vai sugu secībai, bet tikai latvisko nosaukumu piedāvājums Holarktikā sastopamajām putnu sugām un pasugām. BirdLife Taksonomisko sugu sarakstu (BirdLife International 2013) 6 kā zinātnisko un anglisko nosaukumu avotu izvēlējāmies atbilstoši LOB padomes ieteikumam. Šis dokuments, kas ir pieejams tiešsaistes režīmā (http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/taxonomy), ļauj sekot rekomendācijām par kādas sugas vai pasugas statusu. Lai būtu iespējams pārliecināties, kuras suga vai forma sarakstā ir minēta, izmantojām arī šā saraksta oriģinālo identi*katoru. BirdLife taksonomiskā komisija, piemēram, par īstu sugu neatzīst vienu Latvijā sastopamu putnu – gaišo ķeģi, taču tas nemaina nepieciešamību pēc nosaukuma tai un citām līdzīgām sugām un/vai pasugām! Visas tās sugas vai formas, kas pēc šīs komisijas ieskata nav “īstas“ sugas, tabulā publicētas uz pelēka fona. Māris Strazds 6 BirdLife International (2013). ;e BirdLife checklist of the birds of the world, with conservation status and taxonomic sources. Version 6. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/user*les/*le/Species/Taxonomy/BirdLife_Checklist_Version_6. zip 2 Putni dabā, pielikums 4: 1–84 M. Strazds, J. Baumanis, K. Funts. Holarktikas putnu nosaukumi latviešu valodā Nr. Zinātniskais Angliski Latviski Sinonīmi LV Avoti BL Id. nosaukums 1 Struthio camelus Ostrich Āfrikas strauss D370 4 1 2 Ortalis vetula Plain Chachalaca pelēkā čačalaka 2 60 3 Numida meleagris Helmeted Guineafowl parastā pērļvista D190 4 308 4 Oreortyx pictus Mountain Quail garcekula paipala 315 5 Callipepla squamata Scaled Quail zvīņotā paipala 316 6 Callipepla californica California Quail Kalifornijas* paipala 4 318 7 Callipepla gambelii Gambel’s Quail tuksneša paipala 319 8 Colinus virginianus Northern Bobwhite Virdžīnijas* paipala 30131 9 Cyrtonyx Montezuma Quail Montesumas** 340 montezumae paipala 10 Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey meža tītars D170 4 304 11 Bonasa bonasia Hazel Grouse mežirbe C101 t 5,3 297 12 Bonasa sewerzowi Chinese Grouse Ķīnas mežirbe 298 13 Bonasa umbellus Ru.ed Grouse apkakles mežirbe 299 14 Tetrao tetrix Black Grouse rubenis A091 t 5,3 293 15 Tetrao mlokosiewiczi Caucasian Grouse Kaukāza* rubenis 294 16 Tetrao urogallus Western Capercaillie mednis A092 t 5,3,4 295 17 Tetrao parvirostris Black-billed akmeņu mednis 296 Capercaillie 18 Centrocercus Greater Sage-grouse vībotņu rubenis 300 urophasianus 19 Centrocercus minimus Gunnison Sage- Ganisonas* rubenis 30035 grouse 20 Dendragapus Siberian Grouse taigas mežirbe 287 falcipennis 21 Dendragapus Spruce Grouse Kanādas rubenis 288 canadensis 22 Dendragapus Dusky Grouse pelēkais rubenis 32361 obscurus 23 Dendragapus Sooty Grouse tumšais rubenis 32362 fuliginosus 24 Tympanuchus Sharp-tailed Grouse smailastes rubenis 301 phasianellus 25 Tympanuchus cupido Greater Prairie- lielais prēriju rubenis 302 chicken 26 Tympanuchus Lesser Prairie- mazais prēriju 303 pallidicinctus chicken rubenis 27 Lagopus lagopus Willow Ptarmigan (baltirbe), teteris A055 t 5,3 290 28 Lagopus muta Rock Ptarmigan klinšu teteris 4 291 29 Lagopus leucura White-tailed baltastes teteris 292 Ptarmigan 30 Lerwa lerwa Snow Partridge Butānas sniegirbe 129 Putni dabā, pielikums 4: 1–84 3 M. Strazds, J. Baumanis, K. Funts. Holarktikas putnu nosaukumi latviešu valodā Nr. Zinātniskais Angliski Latviski Sinonīmi LV Avoti BL Id. nosaukums 31 Tetraophasis obscurus Chestnut-throated brūnrīkles sniegirbe 137 Partridge 32 Tetraophasis Bu#-throated dzeltenrīkles 138 szechenyii Partridge sniegirbe 33 Tetraogallus Caucasian Snowcock Kaukāza* sniegirbe 132 caucasicus 34 Tetraogallus caspius Caspian Snowcock Kaspijas* sniegirbe 2,4 133 35 Tetraogallus tibetanus Tibetan Snowcock Tibetas* sniegirbe 134 36 Tetraogallus altaicus Altai Snowcock Altaja* sniegirbe 135 37 Tetraogallus Himalayan Snowcock Himalaju* sniegirbe 136 himalayensis 38 Alectoris graeca Rock Partridge klinšu irbe 3 139 39 Alectoris chukar Chukar čukora 140 40 Alectoris philbyi Philby’s Partridge Filbija** irbe 141 41 Alectoris magna Rusty-necklaced Prževaļska** irbe 142 Partridge 42 Alectoris barbara Barbary Partridge berberu irbe 3 143 43 Alectoris rufa Red-legged Partridge kalnu irbe C105 144 44 Alectoris Arabian Partridge Arābijas* irbe 145 melanocephala 45 Ammoperdix See-see
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