Supporting Conservation of Belize's Maya Golden
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Maya Mountains M Ountain Pine Ridge
89º00'W 88º30'W 0 20 km 0 10 miles Belize City (32mi) River ize La Democracia Bel BELIZE DISTRICT Guanacaste Banana National Bank Lodge CAYO Park Western Hwy Roaring Art Box DISTRICT Creek El Pilar Archaeological The Leslies’ Belmopan Airport aya Spanish El Pilar Reserve for M Private Paradise Flora and Fauna Lookout Mount BELMOPAN River Hope Teakettle Creek Nohoch Che'en e Unitedville Village Yim Hummingbird Caves Branch Ontario Saan Highway Beliz g Archaeological Reserve Bullet Georgeville Village Roarin Ian Anderson's Jaguar Paw Tree Falls Central Farm Caves Branch Esperanza C Jungle Reserve hiqu Jungle Lodge iver Santa Elena Actun Kropf's R San Ignacio ibul Cahal Pech Tunichil Bakery n y Rd Muknal GUATEMALA Cristo Rey Tapir Mountain St Herman's Blue Hole Mopa Chial Rd Nature Reserve estern Hw Barton National Park W Cristo Rey Xunantunich San José Branch Hummin Creek gbird Succotz Rd Sibun Melchor de San Antonio River Benque Viejo Forest Hwy Mencos Nojkaaxmeen Thousand Café Casita del Carmen Reserve River Foot Falls Caves De Amour Eligio Panti Coom Cairn National Park Cree a Poustinia Land on k Rd Art Park Cooma Sibun Privassi Cairn Baldy Beacon 17º00'N (3126ft) (3346ft) Vaca Forest Pools 17º00'N Rí On Reserve o Sittee River Granite Cairn Forest Reserve Douglas D'Silva (2820ft) (Augustine) Sibun Gorge Rio Mac Vaqueros Mollejon Frio Mountain al Creek Pine Ridge r Creek e Forest Reserve River iv Rd R Chiquibul l ountain Pinec aRidge M Ma Sittee River Chiquibul Victoria National Peak Natural Park Monument Caracol Victoria Peak Archaeological CAYO DISTRICT (3675ft) Reserve STANN Chiquibul CREEK Caracol Forest s Reserve in DISTRICT ta n Cockscomb u Basin Vaca Plateau (1650ft) a Mo y Ma Chiquibul National Park Maya Mountain Forest Reserve TOLEDO DISTRICT Red Bank Chiquibul Branch River 16º30'N Bladen y 16º30'N Doyle's Nature Reserve Hw Delight n s a i (3687ft) n t Southern o u M y a Deep River Swasey Bladen a Forest Columbia River M Forest Reserve Forest Reserve Reserve 89º00'W 88º30'W. -
Tayassu Pecari) in Belize Using GPS Telemetry: Challenges and Preliminary Results Therya, Vol
Therya E-ISSN: 2007-3364 [email protected] Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología México Hofman, Maarten P. G.; Signer, Johannes; Hayward, Matthew W.; Balkenhol, Niko Spatial ecology of a herd of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in Belize using GPS telemetry: challenges and preliminary results Therya, vol. 7, núm. 1, 2016, pp. 21-38 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología Baja California Sur, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=402343647003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative THERYA, 2016, Vol. 7 (1): 21-37 DOI: 10.12933/therya-16-335, ISSN 2007-3364 Ecología espacial de una manada de pecarí de labios blancos (Tayassu pecari) en Belice, usando collares con GPS: desafios y resultados preliminares Spatial ecology of a herd of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) in Belize using GPS telemetry: challenges and preliminary results Maarten P. G. Hofman1, 2*, Johannes Signer1, Matthew W. Hayward2 and Niko Balkenhol1 1 Department of Wildlife Sciences, University of Göttingen. Büsgenweg 3, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. Email: [email protected] (MPGH), [email protected] (JS) [email protected] (NB). 2 School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University. Thoday Building, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK. Email: [email protected] (MWH). * Corresponding author The Maya Mountains are a heavily forested mountain range in Belize and Guatemala supporting high levels of biodiversity. Due to environmental degradation around the range, it is in danger of becoming isolated from the largest contiguous forest in Central America. -
The Economics of Threatened Species Conservation: a Review and Analysis
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Publications Plant Health Inspection Service 2009 The Economics of Threatened Species Conservation: A Review and Analysis Ray T. Sterner U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Sterner, Ray T., "The Economics of Threatened Species Conservation: A Review and Analysis" (2009). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 978. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/978 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. In: ÿ and book of Nature Conservation ISBN 978-1 -60692-993-3 Editor: Jason B. Aronoff O 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 8 Ray T. Sterner1 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA Stabilizing human population size and reducing human-caused impacts on the environment are lceys to conserving threatened species (TS). Earth's human population is =: 7 billion and increasing by =: 76 million per year. This equates to a human birth-death ratio of 2.35 annually. The 2007 Red List prepared by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) categorized 16,306 species of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and other organisms (e.g., lichens, algae) as TS. -
Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
Listing a Species As a Threatened Or Endangered Species Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Listing a Species as a Threatened or Endangered Species Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, is one of the most far- reaching wildlife conservation laws ever enacted by any nation. Congress, on behalf of the American people, passed the ESA to prevent extinctions facing many species of fish, wildlife and plants. The purpose of the ESA is to conserve endangered and threatened species and the ecosystems on which they depend as key components of America’s heritage. To implement the ESA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service works in cooperation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), other Federal, State, and local USFWS Susanne Miller, agencies, Tribes, non-governmental Listed in 2008 as threatened because of the decline in sea ice habitat, the polar bear may organizations, and private citizens. spend time on land during fall months, waiting for ice to return. Before a plant or animal species can receive the protection provided by What are the criteria for deciding whether refer to these species as “candidates” the ESA, it must first be added to to add a species to the list? for listing. Through notices of review, the Federal lists of threatened and A species is added to the list when it we seek biological information that will endangered wildlife and plants. The is determined to be an endangered or help us to complete the status reviews List of Endangered and Threatened threatened species because of any of for these candidate species. We publish Wildlife (50 CFR 17.11) and the List the following factors: notices in the Federal Register, a daily of Endangered and Threatened Plants n the present or threatened Federal Government publication. -
Mangrove Conserva and Preserves Change Adaptation Belize, Central Ame Mangrove Conservation and Preserves As Climate Change Adap
Brooksmith Consulting Mangrove Conservation and Preserves as Climate Change Adaptation in Belize, Central America A case study 6/30/2011 Mangrove Conservation as Climate Change Adaptation in Belize Central America: A Case Study Table of Contents Execut ive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Mangrove conservation and climate change 4 Status of mangrove habitat 5 Climate change in Belize 6 Placencia Village 6 Threats to mangrove habitat 10 Coastal residential development 10 Agriculture and aquaculture 11 A programmatic response to climate change 12 The progression of mangrove conservation activities 13 Mangrove Challenge Contest 16 Mangrove Reserves 21 Bibliography 31 2 Mangrove Conservation as Climate Change Adaptation in Placencia, Belize: A case study Executive Summary The effects of climate change present growing challenges to low-lying developing nations in the Caribbean Basin. Sea level rise, increasing frequency of large tropical cyclones, loss of reef-building corals and other effects are projected to result in direct economic losses consuming over one-fifth of the gross domestic product of nations in the region by 2100. Resilient mangroves shorelines provide multiple buffers against climate change effects. In addition to serving as habitat for marine species and wildlife, mangroves also provide storm protection for coastal communities, a buffer against coastal erosion, carbon sinks, and additional resiliency for economically important habitat such as coral reef. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Belize has initiated community-based adaptation projects to educate local populations and stakeholders about these emerging problems and to implement “no regrets” adaptation to climate change effects. Understanding of climate change science varies among demographics and opinion leaders within Belize but the value of mangrove habitat for storm protection and fish habitat is generally accepted. -
Reforestation with Native Species in the Dry Lands of Panama
Reforestation with Native Species in the Dry Lands of Panama Raíces Nativas Carla Chízmar, José De Gracia & Mauricio Hoyos Conservation Leadership Programme: Final Report ID: 02141513 Project name: Reforestation with Native Species in the Dry Lands of Panama Host country/site location: Republic of Panama/La Toza, Nata, Cocle Authors: Carla Chízmar, Mauricio Hoyos and José De Gracia Contact address: Bella Vista, #37, 2A, Panama, Republic of Panama. E-mail [email protected] [email protected] Website: https://www.facebook.com/reforestaciontoza Date completed: September 24th, 2015 2 Conservation Leadership Programme: Final Report Table of Contents Project Partners & Collaborators Page 4 Section 1 Summary Page 4 Introduction Page 5 Project members Page 5 Section 2 Aim and objectives Page 6 Changes to original project plan Page 6 Methodology Page 7 Outputs and Results Page 7 Communication & Application of results Page 15 Monitoring and Evaluation Page 15 Achievements and Impacts Page 16 Capacity Development and Leadership capabilities Page 17 Section 3 Conclusion Page 17 Problems encountered and lessons learnt Page 17 In the future Page 18 Financial Report Page 19 Section 4 Appendices Page 19 3 Conservation Leadership Programme: Final Report Project Partners & Collaborators Miambiente - Panama's environmental ministry regulates all activities affecting the protection, conservation, improvement and restoration of the country's environment. Formerly known as environment authority ANAM. They helped us with trainers and seeds to start the nursery facilities. Ministry of Education of Panama - They supported us with the space for nursery facilities and permitted us to develop all the training activities in the local school grounds. -
A Bridge to the Future
A Bridge To The Future BUILDING CALIFORNIA’S FIRST FREEWAY WILDLIFE CROSSING LIVING HABITATS/NWF AN LA STORY & A MODEL FOR THE WORLD COUGAR P-22 IN HIS UNLIKELY HOME... DEAR FRIENDS: THE MIDDLE OF In 2012, I read a news story about a mountain lion known as P-22, who miraculously crossed two of the busiest LOS ANGELES freeways in the country in order to find a new home in an unlikely place—the middle of Los Angeles. He has since become beloved by people around the world, yet he remains trapped and alone on a city island. His plight symbolizes the threats that all wildlife in the Los Angeles area face — freeways, roadways and development act as deadly obstacles for animal life. Research by the National Park Service has shown this local population of mountain lions will likely face extinction if we don’t act soon. THE GOOD NEWS? WE CAN SOLVE THIS. We welcome you in joining our dedicated community of supporters and philanthropists to build the wildlife crossing at Liberty Canyon. Once built, this crossing, which will be the largest in the world, will re-connect an entire ecosystem that has long been fragmented by an almost impenetrable barrier for wildlife—the 101 Freeway’s ten lanes of pavement and 300,000 cars a day. In my thirty years of advocating for wildlife, I’ve been fortunate enough to have worked in two of the largest national parks in the country, Yellowstone and Yosemite. Yet nothing has inspired me more than the chance to help build this landmark crossing in the most densely populated metropolitan area in the United States. -
Private Lands Conservation in Belize
University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Books, Reports, and Studies Resources, Energy, and the Environment 2004 Private Lands Conservation in Belize Joan Marsan University of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Environmental Law Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Estates and Trusts Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Legislation Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Property Law and Real Estate Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Citation Information Joan Marsan, Private Lands Conservation In Belize (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). JOAN MARSAN, PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN BELIZE (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). Reproduced with permission of the Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment (formerly the Natural Resources Law Center) at the University of Colorado Law School. AVAILABLE ONLINE ====================; • •~ ~ ...... ~ ~ ~ .~ PRIVATE LANDS CONSERVATION IN .~ BELIZE •_. -~ • ~ .. A Country Report by the Natural Resources Law Center, ...... University of Colorado School of Law ~ 4 .~ September 2004 ~ Sponsored by The Nature Conservancy Primary Author: Joan Marsan, NRLC Research Assistant KGA [email protected] 576 • M37 2004 Private Lands -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Empowering Conservation
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Empowering Conservation through Deep Convolutional Neural Networks A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science in Electrical Engineering (Intelligent Systems, Robotics, and Controls) by Matthew Epperson Committee in charge: Nikolay Atanasov, Chair Ryan Kastner Curt Schurgers 2018 Copyright Matthew Epperson, 2018 All rights reserved. The thesis of Matthew Epperson is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2018 iii DEDICATION To my parents who have always believed in me even when I didn’t believe in myself iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page . iii Dedication . iv Table of Contents . .v List of Figures . vii List of Tables . ix Acknowledgements . .x Abstract of the Thesis . xi Chapter 1 Introduction . .1 1.1 Background . .1 1.2 What is Deep Learning? . .2 1.2.1 Brief background to CNNs . .3 1.2.2 Object Detection . .4 1.3 Why Ecology and Conservation? . .5 1.3.1 What does Computer Vision offer Ecologists? . .5 1.4 Why UAVs? . .6 1.4.1 Types of UAVs . .6 1.4.2 Autopilots . .7 1.4.3 What do UAVs offer Conservationists? . .8 Chapter 2 Convolutional Neural Networks . .9 2.1 CNNs: Layer by Layer . .9 2.1.1 Convolution Layer . .9 2.1.2 Activation Layer . 11 2.1.3 Pooling Layer . 11 2.1.4 Fully Connected Layer . 12 2.1.5 Transfer Learning . 12 2.1.6 VGG16 . 13 2.1.7 ResNet . 13 2.1.8 DenseNet . -
Chapter Eight: the Bladen Management Consortium
Chapter Eight: The Bladen Management Consortium Introduction The Bladen Nature Reserve inspires passion among its many advocates and frustration among residents of the communities that it borders. Called “the jewel in the crown of Belize’s protected area system,” for its exceptional biodiversity, dramatic topography, and archeological treasures, the 97,000-acre reserve is afforded Belize’s highest level of protection (Pinelo 2002). Only education and research are allowed in Bladen: hunting, fishing, logging, harvesting of plant materials for food, fiber, or medicine, removal of artifacts, tourism, and trespass of any sort without a permit are all prohibited. While these restrictions exist “on the books,” until recently the under-resourced Government agencies and thinly stretched non-governmental organizations tasked with enforcing them have implemented little real on the ground management in the reserve. With growing population and mounting development pressure, illegal activities in the reserve have continued to increase in the last several years, threatening both the natural and archeological resources that have made the Bladen Nature Reserve famous. The Bladen Management Consortium was born out of its founders’ conviction that the Bladen Nature Reserve was a unique resource in dire need of management and their recognition that the management challenges were beyond the capacity of any one organization. As a case study in collaboration, it highlights the many difficulties associated with initiating and sustaining an multi-stakeholder management body, particularly with regard to funding, staffing, representation, and legitimacy. It also illustrates how a few committed individuals can drive a collaborative process forward despite such challenges. Significantly, several of the key individuals and organizations involved in the Bladen Management Consortium also interact in the broader landscape of the Toledo District. -
Chapter Eight: the Bladen Management Consortium
Chapter Eight: The Bladen Management Consortium Introduction The Bladen Nature Reserve inspires passion among its many advocates and frustration among residents of the communities that it borders. Called “the jewel in the crown of Belize’s protected area system,” for its exceptional biodiversity, dramatic topography, and archeological treasures, the 97,000-acre reserve is afforded Belize’s highest level of protection (Pinelo 2002). Only education and research are allowed in Bladen: hunting, fishing, logging, harvesting of plant materials for food, fiber, or medicine, removal of artifacts, tourism, and trespass of any sort without a permit are all prohibited. While these restrictions exist “on the books,” until recently the under-resourced Government agencies and thinly stretched non-governmental organizations tasked with enforcing them have implemented little real on the ground management in the reserve. With growing population and mounting development pressure, illegal activities in the reserve have continued to increase in the last several years, threatening both the natural and archeological resources that have made the Bladen Nature Reserve famous. The Bladen Management Consortium was born out of its founders’ conviction that the Bladen Nature Reserve was a unique resource in dire need of management and their recognition that the management challenges were beyond the capacity of any one organization. As a case study in collaboration, it highlights the many difficulties associated with initiating and sustaining an multi-stakeholder management body, particularly with regard to funding, staffing, representation, and legitimacy. It also illustrates how a few committed individuals can drive a collaborative process forward despite such challenges. Significantly, several of the key individuals and organizations involved in the Bladen Management Consortium also interact in the broader landscape of the Toledo District.