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Ikibinli Yillarda Türkiye-Israil Ilişkileri

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Ikibinli Yillarda Türkiye-Israil Ilişkileri T.C. SAKARYA ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ İKİBİNL İ YILLARDA TÜRK İYE-İSRA İL İLİŞ KİLER İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Şefik KOLAT Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Uluslararası İli şkiler Tez Danı şmanı : Yrd.Doç.Dr.Kemal İNAT MAYIS-2006 T.C. SAKARYA ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ İKİBİNL İ YILLARDA TÜRK İYE-İSRA İL İLİŞ KİLER İ YÜKSEK L İSANS TEZ İ Şefik KOLAT Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Uluslararası İli şkiler Bu tez 22/06/2006 tarihinde a şağıdaki jüri tarafından oybirli ği ile kabul edilmi ştir. _______________ _______________ _______________ Jüri Ba şkanı Jüri Üyesi Jüri Üyesi BEYAN Bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyuldu ğunu, ba şkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunuldu ğunu, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadı ğını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya ba şka bir üniversitedeki ba şka bir tez çalı şması olarak sunulmadı ğını beyan ederim. Şefik KOLAT 31 Mayıs 2006 ÖNSÖZ Bu ara ştırma, So ğuk Sava ş’ın bitiminden itibaren uygulanmaya konulan çok yönlü dı ş politika kapsamında stratejik ittifak kurdu ğumuz İsrail ile ili şkilerin ikibinli yıllardaki seyrini ara ştırmak ve gelecekle ilgili öngörülerin sa ğlıklı olarak ortaya konulabilmesini sa ğlamak maksadıyla yapılmı ştır. Bu çalı şmanın hazırlanmasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen danı şman hocam Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kemal İNAT’a te şekkürlerimi sunmayı bir borç bilirim. Dokümanların toplanması a şamasında bana yardımcı olan herkese müte şekkirim. Ayrıca, bu günlere ula şmamda emeklerini hiçbir zaman ödeyemeyece ğim anne-babama ve yo ğun çalı şmalarım sırasında deste ğini esirgemeyen eşim Burcu’ya minnettar oldu ğumu ifade etmek isterim. Şefik KOLAT 31 Mayıs 2006 İÇİNDEK İLER ÖZET............................................................................................................................ iii SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. iv GİRİŞ ………………………………………………………………............................ 1 BÖLÜM 1: İLİŞ KİLER İN TEMEL PARAMETRELER İ..................................... 4 1.1 Ku şatılmı şlık Duygusu............................................................................................ 4 1.2 Amerika Birle şik Devletleri Faktörü....................................................................... 6 1.3 Radikal İslamı Destekleyen Ülkelere Kar şı İş birli ği............................................... 8 1.4 Askeri Stratejik İş birli ği........................................................................................... 10 1.5 Bölgesel Güvenlik Algılamaları.............................................................................. 13 1.6 Filistin Sorunu......................................................................................................... 15 1.7 Ekonomik Alanda İş birli ği...................................................................................... 17 BÖLÜM 2: SO ĞUK SAVA Ş DÖNEM İ TÜRK İYE-İSRA İL İLİŞ KİLER İ.......... 20 2.1 İsrail Devleti İlanından Önceki Dönem................................................................... 20 2.2 1948-1990 Yılları Arası Türkiye-İsrail İli şkileri..................................................... 22 2.2.1 Türkiye’nin İsrail’i Tanıma Süreci....................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Ba ğdat Paktı ve Periphery Paktı........................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Kıbrıs Sorunu ve Etkileri...................................................................................... 24 2.2.4 1967 ve 1973 Arap-İsrail Sava şları...................................................................... 25 2.2.5 12 Eylül ve Türk Dı ş Politikasına Etkileri............................................................ 28 BÖLÜM 3 : SO ĞUK SAVA ŞIN B İTİMİNDEN AKP İKT İDARI’NA.................. 30 3.1 Körfez Sava şı, Ortado ğu Barı ş Süreci ve İkili İli şkilere Etkisi............................... 30 3.2 Mesafeli Yakınlıktan Stratejik Ortaklı ğa................................................................. 35 3.3 1999-2001: Cem Dönemi, Türk Dı ş Politikasındaki Dönü şümler.......................... 44 3.4 Ramallah’ın İş gali ve “Soykırım” Krizi................................................................... 57 BÖLÜM 4 : AKP İKT İDARI VE SONRASINDA İSRA İL’ LE İLİŞ KİLER........ 67 4.1 Şaron’un İktidara Geli şi.......................................................................................... 69 i 4.2 Yol Haritası Planı .................................................................................................... 71 4.3 ABD’nin Irak’a Müdahalesi ve Türk-İsrail İli şkilerine Etkileri.............................. 74 4.4 İsrail-Türkiye Stratejik Ortaklı ğına Bomba............................................................. 77 4.5 İsrail-Suriye Barı ş Görü şmeleri ve Türkiye’nin Arabuluculuk Rolü..................... 80 4.6 İsrail’in Filistin’e Yönelik Saldırıları ve “Devlet Terörü” Tepkisi......................... 82 4.7. Randevu Krizi......................................................................................................... 90 4.8.AKP’nin Güven Tazeleme Gayretleri..................................................................... 91 4.9.Savunma Sanayi Alanında Geli şmeler.................................................................... 97 4.10 İsrail’in Gazze Şeridi’nden Çekilmesi.................................................................. 100 4.11 Filistin’de Hamas’ın İktidara Geli şi..................................................................... 101 4.12 Türkiye Perspektifinden Kuzey Irak ve İsrail...................................................... 106 4.13. İran Tehditi........................................................................................................... 109 SONUÇ........................................................................................................................ 11 1 KAYNAKLAR............................................................................................................ 114 ÖZGEÇM İŞ ................................................................................................................ 124 ii SAÜ, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tez Özeti Tezin Ba şlı ğı: İkibinli Yıllarda Türkiye-İsrail İli şkileri Tezin Yazarı: Şefik Kolat Danı şman : Yrd.Doç.Dr.Kemal İNAT Kabul Tarihi: 22/06/2006 Sayfa Sayısı: II(ön kısım) + 124 (tez) Anabilimdalı: Uluslararası İli şkiler Bu çalı şma 2000’li yıllardaki Türkiye-İsrail ili şkilerini, tarihsel arka planı dikkate alarak, uluslararası, bölgesel ve içsel çevreyi de ğerlendirerek incelemektedir. 90’ lı yıllarda “mesafeli yakınlıktan stratejik ittifaka” dönü şüm geçirdi ği iddia edilen ikili ili şkiler 2000’li yıllarla beraber yukarıda belirtilen çevrenin kısıtlamalarıyla yüzyüze gelmi ştir.11 Eylül ve A.B.D.’nin Irak operasyonu uluslararası sistemin getirdi ği kısıtlamalardır. Oslo Süreci’nin çökü şüyle yükselen İsrail kar şıtlı ğı da bölgesel bir kısıtlamadır. Türk kamuoyunda özellikle Arafat’a kar şı gösterilen tavır ve Ramallah İlenişgali Anti-Semitizmi, Irak i şgali de Amerikan kar şıtlı ğını arttırmı ştır. Ayrıca, AKP’nin Refah Partisi gelene ğinden gelmesi de ili şkilerin geli şimini kısıtlayan bir di ğer faktör olmu ştur. Çalı şma dört bölümden olu şmaktadır. İlk bölümde iki ülkeyi i şbirli ğine yönelten nedenler incelenmi ştir. İkinci bölümde So ğuk Sava ş dönemindeki ikili ili şkiler İsrail’ in devlet ilanından öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki alt ba şlıkta de ğerlendirilmi ştir. Devlet ilanından sonraki döneme daha kapsamlı bir şekilde yo ğunla şılmı ş ve bu dönem belli ba şlı tarihsel olaylar incelenerek i şlenmi ştir. MiÜçüncüştir. bölümde ise So ğuk Sava ş döneminin biti şiyle de ğişen uluslararası ve bölgesel parametreler ve ikili ili şkilerin nasıl “mesafeli yakınlıktan stratejik ortaklı ğa” dönü şüm geçirdi ği nedenleriyle i şlenmi ş ve yapılan anla şmalar veri olarak sunulmu ştur. Ayrıca Helsinki zirvesiyle ba şlayan Avrupa Birli ği sürecinin ili şkilere etkisi ve Dı şişleri Bakanı Cem’in güttü ğü çok taraflı dı ş politika çabalarının etkileri de süreci son bölüme bağlamı ştır. Son bölümde ise AKP’ nin tek ba şına iktidara gelmesiyle ba şlayan dönem incelenmi ştir. Bu dönem, çalı şmanın lenmisıkletş tirmerkezini olu şturmu ş, AKP dı ş politikasının karar verme süreçlerindeki aktörler ve bu sürecin arkasındaki dü şünsel arka plan incelenmi ştir. Bu ba ğlamda, Dı şişleri Bakanı Gül’ün ve Ba şbakanlık Dı ş Politika Ba şdanı şmanı Davuto ğlu’nun çoktaraflı dı ş politika anlayı şları; iktidarın “Medeniyetler Uzla şması” projesini öne sürmesi ve İsrail-Filistin ve İsrail-Suriye ili şkilerinde arabulucu olma çabaları dikkat çekici bulunmu ştur. Bu bölümde ayrıca, uluslararası ili şkilerin ve Türk siyasetinin gündemini me şgul eden Kuzey Irak ve İran konuları da Türkiye-İsrail ili şkileri ba ğlamında tartı şılmı ştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalı şma; Türkiye-İsrail ili şkilerinin iç siyasetten kaynaklanan dalgalanmalara ra ğmen kopma noktasına varmayacak kadar kuvvetli ba ğlara sahip oldu ğunu, mevcut sınırlamaları da belirterek ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: AKP ve Dı ş Politika, Mesafeli Yakınlık, Arabuluculuk, Kuzey Irak iii Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences Abstract of Master’s Thesis Title of the Thesis: Turkish-Israeli Relations in the 2000s Author: Şefik Kolat Supervisor: Assistant Prof.Dr.Kemal İNAT Date: 22/06 2006 No of pages: II(pre text) + 124 (main
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