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Tectonic and Climatic Control on Evolution of Rift Lakes in the Central Kenya Rift, East Africa
Quaternary Science Reviews 28 (2009) 2804–2816 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Tectonic and climatic control on evolution of rift lakes in the Central Kenya Rift, East Africa A.G.N. Bergner a,*, M.R. Strecker a, M.H. Trauth a, A. Deino b, F. Gasse c, P. Blisniuk d,M.Du¨ hnforth e a Institut fu¨r Geowissenschaften, Universita¨t Potsdam, K.-Liebknecht-Sr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany b Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, USA c Centre Europe´en de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Ge´osciences de l’Environement (CEREGE), Aix en Provence, France d School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA e Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA article info abstract Article history: The long-term histories of the neighboring Nakuru–Elmenteita and Naivasha lake basins in the Central Received 29 June 2007 Kenya Rift illustrate the relative importance of tectonic versus climatic effects on rift-lake evolution and Received in revised form the formation of disparate sedimentary environments. Although modern climate conditions in the 26 June 2009 Central Kenya Rift are very similar for these basins, hydrology and hydrochemistry of present-day lakes Accepted 9 July 2009 Nakuru, Elmenteita and Naivasha contrast dramatically due to tectonically controlled differences in basin geometries, catchment size, and fluvial processes. In this study, we use eighteen 14Cand40Ar/39Ar dated fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary sections to unravel the spatiotemporal evolution of the lake basins in response to tectonic and climatic influences. We reconstruct paleoclimatic and ecological trends recor- ded in these basins based on fossil diatom assemblages and geologic field mapping. -
The Land of Zinj, Being an Account of British East Africa, Its Ancient History and Present Inhabitants
The land of Zinj, being an account of British East Africa, its ancient history and present inhabitants http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip200006 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The land of Zinj, being an account of British East Africa, its ancient history and present inhabitants Author/Creator Stigand, C. Date 1966 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast, Tanzania, United Republic of, Kilwa Kisiwani Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, DT423 .S85 Description Originally published in 1912, The Land of Zinj recounts C.H. Stigard’s observations of the northern Swahili coast and its Kenyan and Tanzanian hinterland. -
Cholera Outbreak Has Affected 7 Counties: Nairobi, Migori, Homa Bay, Bomet, Mombasa, Nakuru and Muranga Counties
MINISTRY OF HEALTH CHOLERA SITUATION REPORT IN KENYA AS AT 5TH MAY 2015 Weekly Situation Summary Since 26th December 2014, Cholera outbreak has affected 7 counties: Nairobi, Migori, Homa Bay, Bomet, Mombasa, Nakuru and Muranga Counties. Migori, Homabay and Bomet Cholera outbreaks are now considered successfully controlled The outbreak first started in Nairobi County on 26th December 2014. Later the outbreak was reported in Migori County on 30th January 2015, Homa Bay County on 2nd February 2015, Bomet County on 12th March 2015, Mombasa County on 6th April 2015, Nakuru 8th April and Muranga county on 18th April 2015. As of 5th May 2015, a total of 2156 cases and 42 deaths (CFR=1.9%) had been reported nationally distributed as follows: Nairobi 145 cases, 5 deaths (CFR 3.4%); Migori 915 cases, 12 deaths (CFR 1.3%); Homa Bay 377 cases, 5 deaths (CFR 1.4%) , Bomet 272 cases, 2 deaths (CFR 1.5%) ,Mombasa 69 cases, 5 deaths (CFR 7.2%), Muranga 278 cases, 1 death (0.4%), and Nakuru 100 cases, 12 deaths (CFR 12%) Cumulatively, 274 new cases were reported in the last one week (164 in Muranga, 73 in Nakuru, 17 in Mombasa and 20 in Nairobi). This is an increase from the previous week where 35 new cases were reported. 6 new deaths were reported in the last one week (5 in Nakuru and 1 in Nairobi). There are 34 current admissions in Mombasa, Nakuru and Nairobi Counties. 1 | Page New cases reported in Nairobi were detected in new epicentres- Kibera, Mukuru Kayiaba and Mukuru Kwa Njenga slums. -
County Urban Governance Tools
County Urban Governance Tools This map shows various governance and management approaches counties are using in urban areas Mandera P Turkana Marsabit P West Pokot Wajir ish Elgeyo Samburu Marakwet Busia Trans Nzoia P P Isiolo P tax Bungoma LUFs P Busia Kakamega Baringo Kakamega Uasin P Gishu LUFs Nandi Laikipia Siaya tax P P P Vihiga Meru P Kisumu ga P Nakuru P LUFs LUFs Nyandarua Tharaka Garissa Kericho LUFs Nithi LUFs Nyeri Kirinyaga LUFs Homa Bay Nyamira P Kisii P Muranga Bomet Embu Migori LUFs P Kiambu Nairobi P Narok LUFs P LUFs Kitui Machakos Kisii Tana River Nyamira Makueni Lamu Nairobi P LUFs tax P Kajiado KEY County Budget and Economic Forums (CBEFs) They are meant to serve as the primary institution for ensuring public participation in public finances in order to im- Mom- prove accountability and public participation at the county level. basa Baringo County, Bomet County, Bungoma County, Busia County,Embu County, Elgeyo/ Marakwet County, Homabay County, Kajiado County, Kakamega County, Kericho Count, Kiambu County, Kilifi County, Kirin- yaga County, Kisii County, Kisumu County, Kitui County, Kwale County, Laikipia County, Machakos Coun- LUFs ty, Makueni County, Meru County, Mombasa County, Murang’a County, Nairobi County, Nakuru County, Kilifi Nandi County, Nyandarua County, Nyeri County, Samburu County, Siaya County, TaitaTaveta County, Taita Taveta TharakaNithi County, Trans Nzoia County, Uasin Gishu County Youth Empowerment Programs in urban areas In collaboration with the national government, county governments unveiled -
Orpower 4 Inc Environmental Impact Assessment Olkaria Iii Geothermal
0 ORPOWER 4 INC Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OLKARIA III GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by Prof. Mwakio P. Tole and Colleagues School of Environmental Studies Moi University Public Disclosure Authorized P. O. Box 3900 Eldoret, KENYA August, 2000 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page Number 0.0 Executive Summary 5 1.0 Introduction 25 2.0 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 26 3.0 Description of the Proposed Project 28 4.0 Baseline Data 39 5.0 Significant Environmental Impacts 83 6.0 Assessment of Alternatives 100 6.0 Mitigation Measures 105 7.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 114 8.0 Bibliography 115 9.0 Appendices 122 2 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page No. Table 1 Noise levels at selected areas around Olkaria West 47 Table 2 Effects of CO2 on Human Health 50 Table 3 Effects of H2S on Human Health 52 Table 4 H2S concentration Frequencies around the Olkaria I field 55 Table 5 Mean Concentrations of Brine in Olkaria Field 60 Table 6 Permissible levels of some heavy metals in drinking water 60 Table 7 Biological impacts of selected metals on human health 61 Table 8. Radiation Exposure Sources in Britain 63 Table 9 Chemical composition of Lake Naivasha waters 65 Table 10 Mammal Census at the Hell’s Gate National Park 72 Table 11 Traffic on Olkaria West–KWS road 84 Table 12 Expected releases of Non-condensable gases into the atmosphere 88 Table 13 Concentrations of H2S in wells at Olkaria III 90 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. -
Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum
JOURNAL OF THE EAST AFRICA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY AND NATIONAL MUSEUM 15 October, 1978 Vol. 31 No. 167 A CHECKLIST OF mE SNAKES OF KENYA Stephen Spawls 35 WQodland Rise, Muswell Hill, London NIO, England ABSTRACT Loveridge (1957) lists 161 species and subspecies of snake from East Mrica. Eighty-nine of these belonging to some 41 genera were recorded from Kenya. The new list contains some 106 forms of 46 genera. - Three full species have been deleted from Loveridge's original checklist. Typhlops b. blanfordii has been synonymised with Typhlops I. lineolatus, Typhlops kaimosae has been synonymised with Typhlops angolensis (Roux-Esteve 1974) and Co/uber citeroii has been synonymised with Meizodon semiornatus (Lanza 1963). Of the 20 forms added to the list, 12 are forms collected for the first time in Kenya but occurring outside its political boundaries and one, Atheris desaixi is a new species, the holotype and paratypes being collected within Kenya. There has also been a large number of changes amongst the 89 original species as a result of revisionary systematic studies. This accounts for the other additions to the list. INTRODUCTION The most recent checklist dealing with the snakes of Kenya is Loveridge (1957). Since that date there has been a significant number of developments in the Kenyan herpetological field. This paper intends to update the nomenclature in the part of the checklist that concerns the snakes of Kenya and to extend the list to include all the species now known to occur within the political boundaries of Kenya. It also provides the range of each species within Kenya with specific locality records . -
Wildlife Safari in Kenya September 1-15, 2023
Wildlife Safari in Kenya September 1-15, 2023 (Pre-Trip Extension #1: Victoria Falls/Botswana Aug 22-31) (Pre-Trip Extension #2: Cape Town Adventure Aug 18-22) 15 Nights – 2 Full Weeks on Safari During the Migration Season! Accommodations in some of the Premier Tent Camps & Lodges Kenya has to offer! Samburu and Mara Reserves + Lake Elementeita Daily Game Drives and Other Activities Animals, Animals, Animals, as well as Local Culture and Color Transportation provided in your own, dedicated, 4-person Toyota Land Cruiser driven by some of the best guides in Kenya! Visit to the world-famous Daphne Sheldrick Elephant Orphanage Plus a visit to Hope Streams Academy, an inspiring success story for one of Nairobi’s largest slums DAY -2 - WED AUG 30 OPTIONAL: Those traveling from the West Coast may wish to spend the night near JFK. For those interested in doing this, I will make reservations for the group. DAY -1 - THUR AUG 31 Board your flight from the States (if not doing Vic Falls/Botswana pre-trip) and begin your journey to Nairobi. DAY 1 - FRI SEP 1 NAIROBI Today we arrive in Nairobi, are met by our host representative and transferred to our hotel. We will meet this evening for a Welcome Reception. Accommodation: Karen Blixen Coffee Garden and Cottages DAY 2 NAIROBI After breakfast we head out for a day of activities in and around Nairobi. The morning will be spent visiting the Karen Blixen Museum followed by a moving visit to Hope Streams Academy. We will then visit Utamaduni, the famous arts and crafts emporium before heading back to Karen Blixen Cottages for lunch. -
Devolution in Kenya: an Opportunity for Increased Public Participation, Reduced Corruption, and Improved Service Delivery
DEVOLUTION IN KENYA: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR INCREASED PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, REDUCED CORRUPTION, AND IMPROVED SERVICE DELIVERY by HAYLEY ELSZASZ Ngonidzashe Munemo, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Political Science WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts MAY 11, 2016 Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter I: History of Local Government in Kenya………………………………..32 Independence and the Kenyatta Presidency The Moi Era Period of Democratization Constitutional Reforms Chapter II: Participation and Corruption in Post-Devolution Kenya……..……...61 Participation in Kenya’s Local Governments Disengagement Corruption Post-2010 Actions to Counter Corruption Perceptions of Corruption Chapter III: Healthcare Delivery in Post-Devolution Kenya……………………..94 Constitutional Framework Financing Local Healthcare Healthcare in Counties Healthcare System Post-Devolution Health Sector Explanations and Predictions Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….120 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..137 ii Figures and Tables Figure 2.1 Voter Turnout 1992-2013 69 Table 0.1: Vote Margins in County Elections 24 Table 0.2: Party in Power: County Government 25 Table 0.3: Presidential Outcomes 2013 27 Table 0.4: Centrality of Counties 29 Table 1.1: The Provincial Administration: Kenyatta 36 Table 1.2: The Provincial Administration: Moi 46 Table 1.3: Devolved Local Government 57 Table 2.1: Voter Turnout 1992-2013 by Province 70 Table 2.2: Members of County Assemblies 77 Table 2.3: Qualities of the Most Corrupt Counties 83 Table 2.4: Bribes in Exchange for Services 91 Table 3.1: Tiers of Health Services 95 Table 3.2 Local Revenue & Central Government Grants 100 Table 3.3 Central Government Grants to the Counties 102 Table 3.4: Vaccination Rates by Province 113 Table 3.5: Births Delivered in a Health Facility by Province 114 Table 3.6: Infant Mortality by Province 115 Table 3.7: Antenatal Care by Province 116 Note on currency usage: All figures are given in Kenyan Shillings (KSh). -
The Geomorphology of Southeast Kenya
THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF SOUTHEAST KENYA A. P. Oosterom STELLINGEN 1. Bij de vorming van de uitgestrekte planatievlakken in Oost-Kenia heeft marine en lacustrine abrasie een belangrijke rol gespeeld. Dit proefschrift. 2. De schaarste aan fossielen van hominiden in Oost-Afrika over de periode van ongeveer 500 000 tot 50 000 jaar BP is schijnbaar. 3. Voor de toepassing van geografische informatiesystemen op bedrijfsniveau in reliefrijke gebieden is het essentieel om programmatuur te ontwikkelen die identificatie van de geologische en geomorfologische positie van een gekozen punt mogelijk maakt. 4. De klink van het Basis- en het Hollandveen is er medeverantwoordelijk voor dat er in Nederland geen aanwijzingen worden gevonden voor hoge holocene zeestanden. 5. De geringschatting van het belang van onderwijs en onderzoek in de geologie en geomorfologie aan de Landbouwuniversiteit te Wageningen is een uiting van onwetenschappelijk doe-het-zelf-denken. 6. Zolang de programmatuur voor het opnemen, opslaan en opvragen van kaarteringsgegevens minder flexibel is dan een veldboekje staat het gebruik van handterminals en veldcomputers vernieuwing in de weg. 7. De betrouwbaarheidsgrens van 25 000 jaar voor de datering van organische carbqnaten met behulp van de 14C-methode is te hoog.. Dit proefschrift. 8. Het woord automatisering wekt onjuiste verwachtingen als het gaat om de invoering en het gebruik van computers. 9. Kerkelijke liedboeken behoren losbladig te zijn. 10. De stelligheid waarmee waarheden worden verdedigd is eerder een maat voor onkunde dan voor inzicht. Stellingen behorende bij het proefschrift: The Geomorphology of Southeast Kenya. A.P. Oosterom Wageningen, 20 april 1988 THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF SOUTHEAST KENYA Promotoren: Dr. -
Usg Humanitarian Assistance to Kenya
USG HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO KENYA 35° 36° 37° 38° 39° 40°Original Map Courtesy 41° of the UN Cartographic Section 42° SUDAN The boundaries and names used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance Todenyang COUNTRYWIDE by the U.S. Government. Banya ETHIOPIA Lokichokio KRCS Sabarei a UNICEF 4° F 4° RIFT VALLEY Banissa WFP Ramu Mandera ACTED Kakuma ACRJ Lokwa UNHCR Kangole p ManderaMandera Concern CF Moyale Takaba IFRC North Horr Lodwar IMC F MoyaleMoyale 3° El NORTHWak EASTERN 3° Merlin F Loiyangalani FH FilmAid TurkanaTurkana Buna AC IRC MarsabitMarsabit Mercy USA F J j D Lokichar JRS k WASDA J j Marsabit WajirWajir Tarbaj CARE LWR ikp EASTERNEASTERN Vj J 2° Girito Salesian Missions Lokori Center for 2° S Victims of Torture k Baragoi EASTERN World University Laisamis Wajir of Canada V FH FilmAid WestWest AC PokotPokot NORTHNORTH Handicap Int. RIFTR I F T VALLEYVA L L E Y SamburuSamburu EASTERNEASTERN IRC UGANDA Tot j D Maralal TransTrans NzoiaNzoia MarakwetMarakwet Archer's LWR 1° MtMt Kitale BaringoBaringo Dif ikp 1° Kisima Post Habaswein ElgonElgon NRC LugariLugari Lorule S I WESTERNWESTERN UasinUasin SC BungomaBungoma GishuGishu Mado Gashi G TesoTeso Marigat IsioloIsiolo Busia Webuye Eldoret KeiyoKeiyo Isiolo World UniversityLiboi KakamegaKakamega Lare Kinna of Canada V Burnt Nyahururu LaikipiaLaikipia BusiaBusia Kakamega Forest Butere NandiNandi KoibatekKoibatek (Thomson's Falls) MeruMeru NorthNorth Nanyuki Dadaab SiayaSiaya VihigaVihiga Subukia Mogotio Meru 0° Kipkelion MeruMeru 0° Londiani a KisumuKisumu -
The Status of Soil Resources, Needs and Priorities Towards Sustainable Soil Management in Kenya
The status of soil resources, needs and priorities towards sustainable soil management in Kenya Peter Macharia Kenya Agr icu ltura l Researc h Ins titu te GSP Workshop (25-27th March, 2013) Distribution of major soils in Kenya .Kenya has 25 major soil types .Top 10 dominant soil types (% coverage): 1. Regosols (15.04) 2. Cam bisol s (11. 02) 3. Luvisols (8.13) 4. Solonetz (6.36) 5. Planosols (6.33) 6. Ferralsols (()6.05) 7. Fluvisols (6.02) 8. Arenosols (5.49) 9. Calcisols (5.46) 10.Lixisols (5.15) Status of Soil Inventory and Mapping in Kenya • Kenya Soil Survey (KSS) mandate • Exploratory Soil Map of Kenya (Scale 1:1 Million) – National land use planning • About 40% of the country mapped at reconnaissance level (Scale 1:100,000 and 1:250,000) – Multipurpose land use planning • Many soil inventories at semi-detailed, detailed and site evaluations for diverse clients - Specific land use planning • This ddtata is availilblable in analogue & digital formats Major challenge towards sustainable soil management • Land degradation Population pressure Low soil fertility Inappropriate farming practices Deforestation Soil erosion Case study: Soil fertility status in Western and Rift Valley regions Soil fertility status of Baringo County % of samples with below adequate levels (n=60) Soil Critical Baringo Baringo East Koibatek Marigat Parameter level North Central Pokot pH ≥ 5.5 35 13 0 67 12 Organic C ≥ 2.7 78 97 100 70 93 Total N ≥ 0.2 67 78 100 33 93 Available ≥ 30.0 77 63 60 92 78 P K ≥ 0.2 0 3 0 0 0 Ca ≥ 202.0 0 0 0 0 0 Mg ≥ 1.0 0 2 0 7 0 Mn ≥ 0.11 0 0 0 0 0 Cu ≥ 101.0 90 52 90 13 47 Iron ≥ 10.0 0 0 0 0 0 Zinc ≥ 5.0 62 73 100 63 77 Soil fertility status of Bungoma County % of samples with below adequate levels (n=60) Soil Critical Bumula Kimilili Bungoma Mt. -
Kenya Roads Act
LAWS OF KENYA KENYA ROADS ACT No. 2 of 2007 Revised Edition 2012 [2007] Published by the National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney-General www.kenyalaw.org [Rev. 2012] No. 2 of 2007 Kenya Roads NO. 2 OF 2007 KENYA ROADS ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I – PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title. 2. Interpretation. PART II – ESTABLISHMENT OF VARIOUS AUTHORITIES A – The Kenya National Highways Authority 3. Establishment of the Kenya National Highways Authority. 4. Functions of the Authority. 5. The Board of the Authority. B – The Kenya Rural Roads Authority 6. Establishment of the Kenya Rural Roads Authority. 7. Functions of the Authority. 8. The Board of the Authority C – The Kenya Urban Roads Authority 9. Establishment of the Kenya Urban Roads Authority. 10. Functions of the Authority. 11. Board of the Authority. PART III – ADMINISTRATION 12. Tenure of office. 13. Director-General. 14. Qualifications of Director-General. 15. Other staff of the Authority. 16. Delegation by Board. 17. Remuneration of Board members. 18. Authority to make regulations relating to staff. 19. Regulations on staff by Minister. 20. Regional offices. 21. Delegation of functions by Authority. PART IV – POWERS OF AUTHORITIES GENERALLY 22. Powers of Authority as a statutory body. 23. Acquisition of land for purposes of the Authority. 24. Power to enter and survey land. 25. Power to enter land to prevent accidents. 26. Power to enter and to alter position of pipes etc. 3 [Issue 1] No. 2 of 2007 [Rev. 2012] Kenya Roads Section 27. Power to remove pipes etc. from within the road reserve.