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Disparities in Social Development & Status of Women in Bimaru / Eag 28 Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Disparities In Social Development & Status of Women In Bimaru / Eag States Of India K. Khanna (Kamini Khanna), D. Patil (Dattajirao Patil) Original Article Guru Nanak Institute of Management studies, King Circle, Matunga. Mumbai. India. E-mail address: [email protected] Reprint address: Kamini Khanna Guru Nanak Institute of Management studies King Circle, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India Source: Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Pages: 28 – 37 Cited references: 7 Reviewers: Michael Costello University of Scranton School of education, USA Gabriela Lezcano University of California, San Francisco, USA Keywords: Bimaru. Eag. Mgnregp. Publisher: International Society of Applied Preventive Medicine i-gap CSWHI 2020; 11(4): 28 – 37; DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_11_4_04 ⓒ Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Abstract: The problem of Regional disparities in the level of economic development is almost universal. Its extent may differ in dif - ferent economies. But its existence can hardly be challenged seriously in any country of respectable size. The achievement of Empowered Action Group (EAG) states (Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) in the area of social sector indicators have not come up to the desired level. Since Mid 1980’s Ashish Bose ‘BIMARU’ still prevailed. The study revealed that overall female literacy has shown strong correlation with indicators of development, means low income persist but amidst all the shortcomings, the female literacy can drag these states on the path of development with a healthy labor force. More emphasis Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Vo l. 11 N o. 4 2020 Original Articles 29 should be laid on female literacy programs so that these states can also be pulled out of abject poverty. Although Government has stated „Beti Padyoo Beti Bachoo“ and Sarv Shiksha Ab - hiyan/Right To Education, But ground realities are too far from the slogan given by the Government. Introduction: ities has more or less widened them leading to India’s misfortune during the British rule was social unrest among masses in many states of the not only confined to the backwardness of the country. These glaring disparities often threaten masses and increasing unemployment, under-em - the political and economic stability of the coun - ployment and disguised unemployment but also try. The problems of regional and inter-personal accentuation of uneven spatial development disparities are vulnerable to generate discontent caused by the colonial policy. Consequently, after and disbelief and may endanger the very integrity independence, India emerged as a federation of of the country. No development is possible in the a few relatively rich and industrialized states midst of social tension and civil disturbance. along with many poor states which subsisted In the mid 80s, economist analyst Ashish mainly on agriculture with primitive techniques Bose4 coined an acronym BIMARU, in a paper and semi-feudal agrarian relations1. submitted to then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. There is growing concern over the developing BIMARU has a resemblance to a Hindi word regional disparity in the country. The lagging re - „Bimar“ which means sick. This was used to de - gions complain of neglect and demand special scribe the bad state of economy in the backward care to attend to their specific problems2. It is in - states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and teresting to note that while planning models in Uttar Pradesh. BIMARU is an acronym formed India have become fairly sophisticated in relation from the first letters of the names of the states. to inter-temporal phasing and perspective plan - Later Odisha was included in the list resulting ning, there has been no comparable extension of in the name BIMAROU. Several studies, includ - analysis to question spatial planning3. No single ing those by the UN, showed that the perfor - country would be regarded as having a well-in - mance of the BIMARU states affected the GDP tegrated economy as long as glaring disparities growth rate of India. Some of these states are also exist between the levels of development and stan - red corridor. dards of living among its different regions. The difference in economic and population Indian economy witnessed good growth in growth rates between the BIMARU states and the post liberalization era but these high growth other Indian states sharpened over the 1990s. The rates instead of decreasing inter-personal dispar - economy of four BIMARU states grew at an av - Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Vo l. 11 N o. 4 2020 30 Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention erage of 4.6% per year in the 1990s, compared to total fertility rate; share of women in employ - 6.5% per year for India as a whole. Since popu - ment under MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi Na - lation growth in the BIMARU states was much tional Rural Employment Guarantee Act). higher than the Indian average in this period, the Study Area: income disparity between the BIMARU states and India as a whole also increased5. The gov - The most conspicuous features of the demo - ernment had constituted an Empowered Action graphic characteristics of the EAG states (former Group (EAG) under the Ministry of Health and BIMARU states) are its: high fertility; high In - Family Welfare following 2001 census to stabi - fant Mortality Rate (IMR); high Maternal Mor - lize population in eight states (called EAG states) tality Rate (MMR); high population growth rate; that were lagging in containing population. As low literacy rate; high „Gender Literacy Differ - per the latest census, EAG states Bihar, Jhark - ential“. The plains of Ganga, Yamuna, Narmada, hand, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Mahanadi presently supports near about two Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha have thirds of the population of the region which is shown little improvement. They cover over 45% also a high density region. The population of the of India’s population. region in 1951 was only 13.43 million. In 2011 This research paper focuses the region had a population of 555.175 million on disparities in BIMARU states. indicating a decadal growth rate of near 25% on the face of national decadal growth rate of 17.7 Inter-state comparison with respect to certain %. The population growth rate varies from state indicators has been used to shed light on the sub - to state. The highest decadal growth rate was ject. Apart from highlighting the position of dif - seen in the state of Bihar of 25.4% than the Na - ferent states with respect to certain indicators, an tional Average. The uneven distribution of popu - attempt has been made to examine the correlation lation is mainly due to diverse physiographic between different indicators of development (23 conditions and disparity in the socio-economic indicators: 12 related to the overall social sector development that the region has experienced in development; 11 indicators related to status of recent decades. The high population growth rates women). These include social as well as eco - are attributed to the high fertility rate in this re - nomic indicators. The study focuses on trends of gion. This phenomenal increase in population has growth in different social indicators in under-de - great impact, not only on the demographic com - veloped states (BIMARU OR EAG) which in - position of the region but also has serious socio- clude development indicators in: literacy; life ex - economic consequences which get reflected in pectancy; infant mortality; death rate; growth rate political turmoil and consequent conflicts wit - of population; birth rate; sex ratio (0-6 years); nessed in the entire region. An attempt has been safe drinking water households; number of PHC, made in this study to examine: the determinants CHC (Primary Health Centers and Child Health for this unusually high population growth rate; Care Centers) and sub-districts under NRHM the present distribution pattern; some demo - (National Rural Health Mission); anemia in graphic, socio-economic and environmental im - women; ; economic indicators include per capita plications arising out of these. net state domestic product at current prices; vo - Objectives: cational training, poverty & headcount ratios; Fi - nancial inclusion. To explain the study in a mean - 1. To analyse the present condition of Empow - ingful way, we have included several indicators ered Action Group states with respect to socio related to women empowerment. These are: de - economic indicators. sire to limit child bearing; prevalence of severe 2. To find the relation of literacy with respect to anemia in women; percentage of women age 15- social sector indicators. 49 below 145 cm (nutritional status of women); 3. To analyse the status of women in Empow - percentage of women who want more sons than ered Action Group states. daughters; percentage of experience of physical 4. To study relative aspects of the women’s lit - or emotional or sexual spousal violence; percent - eracy rate among Empowered Action Group age of women with Marriage age before 18 years; states. Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Vo l. 11 N o. 4 2020 Original Articles 31 Data Base and Methodology: Formula for the t test the Correlation Coefficient This paper is based on secondary data. To analyse the objectives, data regarding literacy, n –2 t = r –––––– sex ratio and other demographic variables of 1 –r2 EAG states are gleaned from The Census of India with degrees of freedo√m equal to n – 2. (2011), planning commission report of March 2012-13, 2014-15, 2016-17; Sample Registrar So there are large numbers of the techniques Statistics 2010, 11, 12, 13, 14 National Family and methods through which the extent of dispar - Health Survey-3; Family welfare statistics 2011- ities can be measured and degree of correlation 12; and Economic Survey 2012-13, 14-15, 16- between two series can be found out. 17.
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