Assessing the Promise and Limitations of Joint Forest Management in an Era of Globalisation: the Case of West Bengal.1
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India's Demographic Transition: Boon Or Bane? a State-Level Perspective
Economics Program Working Paper Series India’s Demographic Transition: Boon or Bane? A State-Level Perspective Utsav Kumar September 2010 EPWP #10 - 03 Economics Program 845 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022-6679 Tel. 212-759-0900 www.conference-board.org/economics India’s Demographic Transition: Boon or Bane? A State-Level Perspective Utsav Kumar Abstract Age structure and its dynamics are critical in understanding the impact of population growth on a country‟s growth prospects. Using state-level data from India, I show that the pace of demographic transition varies across states, and that these differences are likely to be exacerbated over the period 2011-2026. I show that the so-called BIMARU states (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh) are likely to see a continuing increase in the share of the working-age population in total population. The BIMARU states are expected to contribute 58% of the increase in India‟s working-age population. The BIMARU states have traditionally been the slow-growing states and have performed poorly on different accounts of social and physical infrastructure. Whether India can turn demographic dividend into a boon or whether the dividend will become a bane will critically depend on the ability of the BIMARU states to exploit the bulge in the working- age population. Keywords: Demographic dividend, economic growth, India, population growth, working-age population JEL Codes: J10, J11, J18, O53, R10, R11 A part of this paper was completed while the author was an economist at The Conference Board. I would like to thank Bart van Ark, Judith Banister, Vivian Chen, and Gad Levanon for many helpful discussions and comments. -
Red Bengal's Rise and Fall
kheya bag RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL he ouster of West Bengal’s Communist government after 34 years in power is no less of a watershed for having been widely predicted. For more than a generation the Party had shaped the culture, economy and society of one of the most Tpopulous provinces in India—91 million strong—and won massive majorities in the state assembly in seven consecutive elections. West Bengal had also provided the bulk of the Communist Party of India– Marxist (cpm) deputies to India’s parliament, the Lok Sabha; in the mid-90s its Chief Minister, Jyoti Basu, had been spoken of as the pos- sible Prime Minister of a centre-left coalition. The cpm’s fall from power also therefore suggests a change in the equation of Indian politics at the national level. But this cannot simply be read as a shift to the right. West Bengal has seen a high degree of popular mobilization against the cpm’s Beijing-style land grabs over the past decade. Though her origins lie in the state’s deeply conservative Congress Party, the challenger Mamata Banerjee based her campaign on an appeal to those dispossessed and alienated by the cpm’s breakneck capitalist-development policies, not least the party’s notoriously brutal treatment of poor peasants at Singur and Nandigram, and was herself accused by the Communists of being soft on the Maoists. The changing of the guard at Writers’ Building, the seat of the state gov- ernment in Calcutta, therefore raises a series of questions. First, why West Bengal? That is, how is it that the cpm succeeded in establishing -
Dwindling Forest and Their Protection Strategies Through Joint Forest Management in Assam
Journal of Agroecology and Natural Resource Management p-ISSN: 2394-0786, e-ISSN: 2394-0794, Volume 6, Issue 4; July-September, 2019, pp. 181-185 © Krishi Sanskriti Publications http://www.krishisanskriti.org/Publication.html DWINDLING FOREST AND THEIR PROTECTION STRATEGIES THROUGH JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT IN ASSAM Sujata Medhia and A.K. Borab aPh.D. Scholar, Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India bFaculty, Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Assam with its varied and favorable physiography, with increase in population more and more forest areas are climates and soil conditions is endowed with plenty of forest brought under cultivation and indiscriminate felling of trees in resources. The peculiar geo-physical make-up of the state along with the form of commercial exploitation has continuedunabated. its verdant forests has resulted in a variety of ideal ecological Of late the decline in forest cover has been alarming which is habitats for a large variety of flora and fauna. But in recent years, likely to acquire gross environmental hazards in the near the state happens to be a land of immense human significance characterized by high population growth and resultant stress on its future. forest resources. Various forms and processes of forest depletion The situation is more so in the start of Assam. Being an leading to large-scale deforestation and bio-depletion are posing integral part of the monsoon regime of eastern Asia, Assam serious threat to ecological balance, which demands proper plans and policies for conservation of forests. Of all the already recognized enjoys similar geophysical conditions and thereby inherits efforts to protect the forest cover of Assam, the Joint Forest similar rich forest resource base as that of the North - Eastern Management (JFM) involving community participation in forest Region of India. -
The Impact of Tanzania's Joint Forest Management Programme On
Lauren Persha A triple win? Charles Meshack The impact of Tanzania’s Joint Forest Management programme on livelihoods, governance and forests March 2016 Impact Environment and Governance Evaluation Report 34 About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding and producing high-quality evidence of what works, how, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people’s lives. 3ie Impact Evaluations 3ie-supported impact evaluations assess the difference a development intervention has made to social and economic outcomes. 3ie is committed to funding rigorous evaluations that include a theory-based design, use the most appropriate mix of methods to capture outcomes and are useful in complex development contexts. About this report 3ie accepted the final version of this report, Is Tanzania’s joint forest management programme a triple win? Understanding causal pathways for livelihoods, governance and forest condition impacts, as partial fulfilment of requirements under grant OW3.1109 issued under Open Window 3. The content has been copyedited and formatted for publication by 3ie. Due to unavoidable constraints at the time of publication, a few of the tables or figures may be less than optimal. All of the content is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not represent the opinions of 3ie, its donors or its Board of Commissioners. Any errors and omissions are also the sole responsibility of the authors. All affiliations of the authors listed in the title page are those that were in effect at the time the report was accepted. -
The Evolution of Institutions in India and Its Relationship with Economic Growth
The Evolution of Institutions in India and its Relationship with Economic Growth Arvind Subramanian Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics and Center for Global Development, and Senior Research Professor, Johns Hopkins University April 2007 I am grateful to Josh Felman, Ejaz Ghani, Ajay Chhibber, Shanta Devarajan, Nurul Islam, Simon Johnson, Devesh Kapur, Sanjay Kathuria, Deena Khatkhate, Kalpana Kochhar, Utsav Kumar, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Nandan Nilekani, Raghuram Rajan, C. Rammanohar Reddy, Krishna Srinivasan, and S. Sriramachandran for useful discussions. This paper draws upon work with my colleagues, Prachi Mishra and Petia Topalova. An anonymous referee and the editors provided helpful comments. Manzoor Gill and Thoihen Singh provided excellent assistance with data. 2 I. Introduction The tepid-to-torrid transformation in India’s economic growth since the early 1980s is one of the big stories of recent times. Whereas “Midnight’s children” saw their standard of living double over forty years, Midnight’s grandchildren—the “India Shining” generation—can expect a five- or six-fold improvement in their lifetimes. But how have India’s public economic institutions fared over this period? And what is their relationship with this growth transformation? This paper represents a modest and preliminary attempt at answering these questions. On the first, this paper presents some stylized facts and new empirical evidence on the evolution in selected public institutions in India. The main finding is that, at least based on the limited number of institutions explored in this paper—the bureaucracy and judiciary-- there does not seem to be evidence of improvements in the average quality of institutions over time; if anything, the evidence leans in the other direction. -
India's Naxalite Insurgency: History, Trajectory, and Implications for U.S
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 22 India’s Naxalite Insurgency: History, Trajectory, and Implications for U.S.-India Security Cooperation on Domestic Counterinsurgency by Thomas F. Lynch III Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, and Center for Technology and National Security Policy. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified combatant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Hard-line communists, belonging to the political group Naxalite, pose with bows and arrows during protest rally in eastern Indian city of Calcutta December 15, 2004. More than 5,000 Naxalites from across the country, including the Maoist Communist Centre and the Peoples War, took part in a rally to protest against the government’s economic policies (REUTERS/Jayanta Shaw) India’s Naxalite Insurgency India’s Naxalite Insurgency: History, Trajectory, and Implications for U.S.-India Security Cooperation on Domestic Counterinsurgency By Thomas F. Lynch III Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. -
The Nepalese Maoist Movement in Comparative Perspective: Learning from the History of Naxalism in India
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 23 Number 1 Himalaya; The Journal of the Article 8 Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies 2003 The Nepalese Maoist Movement in Comparative Perspective: Learning from the History of Naxalism in India Richard Bownas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Bownas, Richard. 2003. The Nepalese Maoist Movement in Comparative Perspective: Learning from the History of Naxalism in India. HIMALAYA 23(1). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol23/iss1/8 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RICHARD BowNAS THE NEPALESE MAOIST MovEMENT IN CoMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE: LEARNIN G FROM THE H ISTORY OF NAXALISM IN INDIA This paper compares the contemporary Maoist movement in Nepal with the Naxalite movemelll in India, from 1967 to the present. The paper touches on three main areas: the two movemems' ambiguous relationship to ethnicity, the hi stories of prior 'traditional' m obilization that bo th move ments drew on, and the relationship between vanguard and mass movement in both cases. The first aim of the paper is to show how the Naxalite movemem has transformed itself over the last 35 years and how its military tacti cs and organizational· form have changed . I then ask whether Nepal's lvla o ists more closely resemble the earli er phase of Naxali sm , in which the leadership had broad popular appeal and worked closely with its peasant base, o r its later phase, in which the leadership became dise ngaged fr om its base and adopted urban 'terror' tactics. -
Interlinkages of Literacy and Household Poverty in India: Inter-District and Socio-Demographic Disparities
Volume 1- Issue 5 : 2017 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000467 Bidyadhar Dehury. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Research Article Open Access Interlinkages of Literacy and Household Poverty in India: Inter-District and Socio-Demographic Disparities Bidyadhar Dehury* Sr. Programe Associate, India Health Action Trust (IHAT), India Received: September 09, 2017; Published: October 26, 2017 *Corresponding author: Sabha Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tel: ; Email: Bidyadhar Dehury, India Health Action Trust, UP-TSU Office, No. 404, 4th Floor & 505, 5th Floor, No. 20-A, Ratan Square, Vidhan Abstract Poverty and illiteracy are the greatest challenges in the process of development. Though India has witnessed tremendous improvement both in reducing poverty and increasing literacy rate, the inter-district variations and differentials within different population subgroups are still large. Using the Census of India, 2011 data this paper attempts to understand the inter-district variations in poverty and literacy status and also differentials of literacy rate among different social sub-groups. The census of India collects the information on seven household assets. These are used to construct the wealth index as a proxy for consumption poverty using Principal Component Analysis from inter-district variations. The preliminary results show that the inter-district and intra-district variations are large in assets possession. India has 17.8% of the households those do not possess any of the specified household assets with lowest in Chennai district of Tamil Nadu with less than one percent and highest in Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh with 64.9%. With respect to the effective literacy status, India has 73% of literate population among 7 years and above. -
The BIMARU States of India
Tech Musings The BIMARU States of India Rajneesh De, Group Editor [email protected] oted demographer Ashish Bose coined the acronym BIMARU (referring to the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) in a paper submitted to the then PM Rajiv Gandhi in the mid 80s to group together states which were lagging behind in both economic Nand social indices and thereby retarding India’s overall development. The name (meaning ‘sick’ in Hindi) stuck and virtually the entire Hindi heartland of India came to represent whatever was ailing the country and proving to be a roadblock to its march into becoming the next global superpower. After more than two decades and nine PMs, the process of resuscitation has yet to finally start. While Bihar, perennially derided as the Achilles Heel for the country’s development, has recovered to some extent, the states of UP, MP and Rajasthan are perennial laggards. While technology, especially e-governance, has taken much strides over the years, the ground situations especially in UP and Rajasthan (MP ranks slightly better) are still pathetic. And this despite both these states witnessing a number of regime changes with 180 degree turn in political dispensation. Uttar Pradesh in particular has witnessed all political colors over the years, but the situation is worsening day by day; instead of becoming ‘Uttam’ Pradesh, it is further deteriorating into the ‘Niruttam’ Pradesh of India. The reasons are not far to see—technology might have been a While technology, game changer, but if it has been leveraged properly. Instead we are seeing a spiraling population going out of control, minimal scores on all social indices, religious obscurantism and bigotry plaguing the especially very growth of the state. -
Andhra Pradesh Forestry Project: Forest Restoration and Joint Forest Management in India
Andhra Pradesh Forestry Project: Forest Restoration and Joint Forest Management in India Project Description India’s 1988 forest policy stipulates that forests are to be managed primarily for ecological conservation, and the use of forest resources for local use or non-local industry is of secondary emphasis. In Andhra Pradesh, local people living near forests are forming Vana Samrakshna Samithi (VSS), village organisations dedicated to forest restoration. In partnership with the state forestry department more than 5,000 VSS are working to restore more than 1.2 million hectares of degraded forests. VSS share all of the non-timber forest products (grasses, fuel-wood, fruit, and medicines) amongst themselves, and receive all of the income from the harvest of timber and bamboo. Half of this income is set aside for the future development and maintenance of the forest. In this way the long-term sustainability of the project is protected and government support is only required while the forest returns to a productive state. Ecosystem type The Eastern Highlands Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests are considered globally outstanding for the communities of large vertebrates and intact ecological processes that they support. The region contains 84,000 km2 of intact habitat, some in blocks of more than 5,000 km2. The region is a refuge for many large vertebrates such as wolves (Canis lupus) and gaur (Bos gaurus), and threatened large mammals such as the tiger (Panthera tigris), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), wild dog (Cuon alpinus), chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), and chinkara (Gazella bennettii). The only endemic mammal is a threatened Rhinolophidae bat, Hipposideros durgadasi. -
Frame Analysis of ENGO Conceptualization of Sustainable Forest Management: Environmental Justice and Neoliberalism at the Core of Sustainability
Article Frame Analysis of ENGO Conceptualization of Sustainable Forest Management: Environmental Justice and Neoliberalism at the Core of Sustainability Nenad Šimunović 1,*, Franziska Hesser 1 and Tobias Stern 2 1 Wood K Plus (Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH), Market Analysis and Innovation Research Team, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 2 Institute of Systems Sciences, Innovation and Sustainability Research, University of Graz, Merangasse 18/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-47654-73513 Received: 30 June 2018; Accepted: 22 August 2018; Published: 4 September 2018 Abstract: Normative judgments on sustainability underpin concepts that shape the supply scenarios of timber consumption. The modern understanding of sustainable forest management is shaped by a diverse spectrum of social demands, going beyond the principle of sustainable yield management. Rival stakeholders compete to incorporate their ideas and interpretations of sustainable forest management into policy institutions. Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have emerged as one of the dominant stakeholders in the forest-based sector. We set out to explore ENGO-specific conceptualizations of sustainable forest management and investigate differences in understanding among various ENGOs. By conducting a frame analysis of ENGO press releases, we identified two master frames: environmental justice and environmentalist frames. A difference in the emphasis placed on procedural and distributive justice as well as a different standpoint in the commons versus commodity debate emerged as the main divergences between the master frames. The results of our study demonstrate how the differences between the master frames underpin different conceptualizations of sustainable forest management. -
Naxalite Movement in India: Causes and Solutions Mass Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E8/048 Page No
Research Paper Volume 2 Issue 8 April 2015 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN (Online): 2347-1697 Naxalite Movement In India: Causes And Solutions Mass Paper ID IJIFR/ V2/ E8/048 Page No. 2971-2979 Subject Area Communication Naxal, Adivasis, Dalits, Moaist, Unemplyment, Development Communication, Key Words Social Development Assistant Professor & A-V Production Incharge Dr. Abid Ali Institute of Mass Communication & Media Technology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra,Haryana,India Assistant Professor , Dr. Sant Lal Institute of law Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra,Haryana,India Abstract The Naxalite threat is the biggest security problem for India’s future as its effects are multi-layered. The Maoist movement highlights India’s interior weaknesses, which makes India also vulnerable to external threats. As part of globalization, threats such as the Naxalite movement can no longer be viewed as simply internal as it also affects external security. This paper most vividly tries to carve out the niche and the root cause of the naxalism in present scenario. The Government of India had made certain provisions were made to stop the influx and to rehabilitate the affected population. And the problem lies on the grass root level of its implementations. Now the problem lies how these laws and provisions can be communicated to the isolated mass in an substantiated way. In Short, in this study we attempt to find out the Causes and Solutions for Naxalite Movement in India. 1. Introduction The term 'Naxal' derives from the name of the village Naxalbari in West Bengal, where the movement had its origin. The Naxals are considered far-left radical communists, supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology.