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Nine Years of Nonviolent Peaceforce in Sri Lanka Lessons Learned In

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Nine Years of Nonviolent Peaceforce in Sri Lanka Lessons Learned In Nine Years of Nonviolent Peaceforce in Sri Lanka Lessons Learned in Implementing Unarmed Civilian Peacekeeping By Christine Schweitzer Institute for Peace Work and Nonviolent Conflict Transformation (www.ifgk.de) Hamburg, September 2012 9 Years of NP in Sri Lanka Implementing UCP report Contents Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.1 The wider context of the conflicts in Sri Lanka .............................................................................................. 11 1.1.1 The war in Sri Lanka ............................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2 Civil society ............................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1.3 Protection activities of other agencies .................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Nonviolent Peaceforce ........................................................................................................................................ 16 1.3 Purpose and scope of the evaluation ................................................................................................................ 16 1.4 Sources and methodology ................................................................................................................................... 17 1.5 Terminology .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 1.6 Structure of the report......................................................................................................................................... 19 2. A short historiography of NP Sri Lanka ...................................................................................... 20 2.1 The planning phase .............................................................................................................................................. 20 2.2 Preparation for deployment ............................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 The first fourteen months: The field teams starts working........................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Changing mandate ................................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.2 The activities ............................................................................................................................................. 23 2.4 Tsunami response ................................................................................................................................................ 26 2.5 2005 – 2009: A wide range of protection activities ........................................................................................ 27 2.5.1 Mandate changed twice more ................................................................................................................ 27 2.5.2 The project grows and matures ............................................................................................................. 28 2.5.3 Activities .................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.6 The post-war period ............................................................................................................................................ 39 2.6.1 New strategizing ...................................................................................................................................... 40 2.6.2 Four programs .......................................................................................................................................... 40 2.6.3 Winding down .......................................................................................................................................... 44 2.7 After the exit ......................................................................................................................................................... 45 2.8 Summary and appraisal of the activities ........................................................................................................... 45 3. What has been achieved? ............................................................................................................. 48 3.1 Findings of the various evaluations and other sources .................................................................................. 48 3.1.1 Furnari 2006 ............................................................................................................................................. 48 3.1.2 Hebib and Berndt 2007 .......................................................................................................................... 49 3.1.3 Internal assessment 2008 ........................................................................................................................ 50 3.1.4 Evaluation for UNICEF 2009 .............................................................................................................. 50 3.1.5 Berndt 2010 .............................................................................................................................................. 52 3.1.6 Reports 2010-2011................................................................................................................................... 52 3.1.7 Exit evaluation 2011 ................................................................................................................................ 53 3.1.8 Summary and appraisal ........................................................................................................................... 55 3.2 Unintended outcomes and impact in the field ................................................................................................ 59 2 9 Years of NP in Sri Lanka Implementing UCP report 3.3 Appropriateness and validity of goal, objectives and strategy ...................................................................... 60 3.4 Sustainability ......................................................................................................................................................... 62 4. How it has been achieved............................................................................................................ 64 4.1 Key elements for effectiveness .......................................................................................................................... 64 4.2 Management and organization ........................................................................................................................... 65 4.3 Efficiency............................................................................................................................................................... 66 4.3.1 Cost efficiency .......................................................................................................................................... 67 4.3.2 Efficiency in achieving objectives ......................................................................................................... 67 4.3.3 Efficiency of relationships involved in implementing the program ................................................ 68 5. Unarmed Civilian Peacekeeping ................................................................................................. 70 5.1 Comparison to other agencies ........................................................................................................................... 70 5.2 Lessons regarding NP’s basic principles .......................................................................................................... 70 5.2.1 Nonpartisanship ....................................................................................................................................... 71 5.2.2 Nonviolence ............................................................................................................................................. 72 5.2.3 International law ...................................................................................................................................... 73 5.3 NP’s theory and practice and trends in the broader humanitarian and peacebuilding discourses ........................................................................................................................................ 74 6. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 76 Sources and Literature ............................................................................................................................................... 78 Evaluations and internal reviews ............................................................................................................................
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