Timeline / 1800 to 1900 / EGYPT

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Timeline / 1800 to 1900 / EGYPT Timeline / 1800 to 1900 / EGYPT Date Country Theme 1801 Egypt Migrations Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha commands 6,000 Turkish troops to assist the British in expelling the French from Rashid. For this he is assigned Governor of Egypt. 1805 - 1867 Egypt Political Context During this time Egypt is a legally nominal Ottoman province governed by a wali on behalf of the Ottoman Sultan, although de facto it is virtually independent, with its walis styling themselves as Khedives. Despite their legally subservient status, Egypt’s walis enjoy far more political power than their descendants, who, decades later, rule the country as nominally independent sultans and kings. 1807 Egypt Great Inventions Of The 19th Century On 8 May Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha, the Ottoman Governor of Egypt, gives the order to start digging the Mahmudiya Canal, from the River Nile to Alexandria through al- Buhayra, to transport water and as a route for cargo ships. 1808 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha builds Shubra Palace on the site of a former kiosk where walis went for recreation during the Ottoman era. 1809 - 1829 Egypt Migrations Description de l'Egypte first appears in 1809 and continues to be published as a series until the final volume appears in 1829. It offers a comprehensive scientific description of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history. 1811 Egypt Political Context On 1 March, Muhammad ‘Ali invites some 470 Mamluk beys to the Citadel for a feast to celebrate his son’s imminent departure for Mecca. When the feasting is over the Mamluks mount their lavishly decorated horses and are led in procession down the narrow, high-sided defile, below what is now the Police Museum. As they approach Bab al-Azab, the great gates swing closed and gunfire rains down on them from above. After the fusillades, Muhammad ‘Ali’s soldiers wade in with swords and axes to finish the job. Legend relates that only one Mamluk escaped alive, leaping over the wall on his horse. 1816 Egypt Political Context Ibrahim Pasha leads Egypt’s expedition to Hijaz and crushes the Wahhabi Revolution. 1816 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes Modern education in Egypt starts with the School of Engineering, which is established by Muhammad ‘Ali in the Castle during 1816, to train and prepare specialists in that area. Date Country Theme 1820 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes Muhammad ‘Ali sends the first educational “mission” of Egyptian students to Europe. 1827 Egypt Political Context When under the command of an Ottoman representative the entire Egyptian navy is sunk by the European Allied fleet, Muhammad ‘Ali asks for the territory of Syria in compensation. 1827 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes A School of Medicine is established at Abu Za‘bal and annexed to the Military Hospital there due to the efforts of Clot Bek, a French physician. A fatwa is then issued by Sheikh Hasan al-Attar, which allowed anatomizing cadavers as long as it was done in order to prevent disease. 1827 - 1831 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes A School of Veterinary Medicine emerges in Rashid in 1827, which then transfers to a building beside the School of Medicine at Abu Za‘bal in 1831. Here the veterinary hospital is able to accommodate up to 110 horses and includes a Pharmacy, a Hall of Anatomy and areas for student and staff subsistence. 1827 Egypt Migrations The French physician Antoine Barthelemy Clot, Clot Bey as he was known in Egypt, becomes the first director of the Medical School and Hospital in Egypt. 1828 - 1848 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces The Mosque of Muhammad ‘Ali is built between 1828 and 1848. Perched on the summit of the Citadel, the Ottoman mosque with its animated silhouette and twin minarets, the largest to be built in the first half of the 19th century, is the most visible mosque in Cairo. 1829 Egypt Migrations Al-Waqa'i`a al-Masriya is established by order of Khedive Muhammad ‘Ali. It is the first indigenous Middle Eastern newspaper, initially written in both Ottoman Turkish and Arabic. 1834 Egypt Economy And Trade A Khedival Decree promulgates the issue of an Egyptian currency consisting of a bi-metallic base of gold and silver. The Egyptian pound, known as the geneih is introduced, which replaces the Egyptian piastre (ersh) as the main unit of currency. 1835 Egypt Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Opening of shipping routes between Alexandria and Marseille. Date Country Theme 1836 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes Rifa’a al-Rafi’ al-Tahtawi founds the School of Languages to educate and train professional interpreters and translators. 1837 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes The year sees the founding of Egypt’s oldest commercial science study centre, when the School of Account is established during Muhammad ‘Ali’s Era. 1843 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces Muhammad Sharif Pasha builds the Sharif Pasha Palace situated on Kirdassi Street, off Hasan al-Akbar Street, in Cairo. The Pasha held a number of important posts during the reigns of Muhammad ‘Ali and his successors. 1846 Egypt Travelling Ibrahim Pasha is received with respect and curiosity when he visits western Europe. 1854 Egypt Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Sa‘id Pasha’s accession to the Viceroyalty of Egypt provides French businessman Ferdinand de Lesseps new impulse to develop the Suez Canal. 1863 - 1879 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes Education attracts renewed interest during Isma‘il Pasha’s era. His government establishes schools and reviews students’ expenses, including their living expenses, which sees the restoration of the Diwan (or ministry) of Schools that Sa‘id had annulled. Now as the education budget increased, gradually, the government also returned to dispatching missions to Europe, mostly to France. A number of primary schools were established across the country: from Alexandria in the north to Minya in the south. 1863 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces On 18 October, under the rule of Khedive Isma‘il, the Egyptian Museum opens in the Caireen district of Bulaq under the management of French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, known as Mariette Pasha. 1863 Egypt Migrations Muhammad Sa‘id Pasha dispatches part of a Sudanese battalion to help stop a rebellion against the Second Mexican Empire. 1865 Egypt Great Inventions Of The 19th Century The royal yacht Mahroussa is built for Isma‘il Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt. 1866 - 1867 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes Date Country Theme In 1866 the School of Irrigation and Architecture is inaugurated at al-Za‘faran Saray in ‘Abbasiyya in Cairo; it then transfers to Mustafa Fadil Saray at Darb al-Jama‘iz in 1867. The School provides a study programme of five years: a preparatory year followed by a further four years; two years respectively specialising in irrigation and architecture. 1866 Egypt Great Inventions Of The 19th Century The first Egyptian stamps are issued on 1 January. 1867 Egypt Travelling Khedive Isma‘il Pasha visits Paris and then London, where he is received by Queen Victoria and welcomed by the Lord Mayor. He attends a British Royal Navy fleet review alongside the Ottoman Sultan. 1868 - 1886 Egypt Reforms And Social Changes A Law School is established during Isma‘il Pasha’s era in 1868. Known then as the School of Management and Languages, the two schools separate in 1882 and remain as such until July 1886. That year, it becomes the School of Law with two departments, primary and high. 1868 - 1874 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces Construction of the Abdeen Palace in Cairo begins in 1868 and inauguration takes place some six years later. 1869 Egypt Great Inventions Of The 19th Century With completion of the Suez Canal a number of dignitaries and high-profile personalities arrive in Egypt for the inauguration, including Empress Eugénie of France. 1869 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces Khedive Isma‘il commissions a French company to construct the first bridge across the River Nile in Cairo, the Qasr al-Nil Bridge. 1869 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces The Opera House is inaugurated in November 1869 with Verdi’s Opera Rigoletto. In attendance, seated in the Royal loge, are Khedive Isma‘il Pasha, Empress Eugénie and her husband Napoleon III, and François Joseph I of Austria. 1869 Egypt Travelling Khedive Isma‘il Pasha visits Britain. 1871 Egypt Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Giuseppe Verdi’s Egyptian-themed Aida premiers in Cairo on 24 December. Date Country Theme 1871 - 1877 Egypt Cities And Urban Spaces Jezira Bridge is constructed in 1871 and opens to traffic in 1877. The intention is to link the districts of Dokki and Bulaq al-Dakrur with Zamalek. Construction requires redirection of the Nile bed. 1874 Egypt Migrations Khedive Isma‘il attempts to reduce slave trading and extends Egypt’s rule in Africa. Managing to annex Darfur in 1874, he is prevented from further expansion into Ethiopia when his army is defeated by the Emperor Yohannes IV. 1875 Egypt Migrations The Egyptian Geographic Society is established by a decree of Khedive Isma‘il Pasha on 19 May 1875. Its first president is the German botanist, traveller and ethnologist Georg August Schweinfurth. 1875 - 1876 Egypt Economy And Trade In December 1875 Stephen Cave and John Stokes are sent by the British Government to inquire into the finances of Egypt. Their report, published in April 1876, advises that in view of the perceived “waste and extravagance” it is necessary for foreign powers to interfere to restore credit. 1877 Egypt Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Yaqub Sanu‘ founds the satirical magazine Abu Naddara early in this year. It has immediate and wide appeal to both the literate and the illiterate, who find someone to read it to them.
Recommended publications
  • The Citadel of Cairo by Nasser O
    THE CITADEL OF CAIRO by Nasser O. Rabbat With photographs by Arnaud du Boistesselin 2nd Edition Supreme Council of Antiquities 2009 2 Introduction General view of the Citadel from the minaret of the Mosque of Sultan Hasan he Citadel of the Mountain (Qal’at changed tremendously over the centuries, Tal-Jabal) in Cairo is an architectural but the interior organization of the Citadel complex with a long history of building has continually been changed, and its and rebuilding. Situated on a spur that was ground level is always rising as a result of artificially cut out of the Muqqatam Hills, the process of erecting new buildings on top the Citadel originally faced, and overlooked, of older ones. the city of Cairo to the west and northwest, Founded by Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in and the city of Misr al-Fustat in the south; its 1176, the Citadel was, for almost seven northern and eastern sides were bordered by centuries (1206-1874), the seat of government either rocky hills or the desert. The site was for the Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, and certainly chosen for its strategic importance: the Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty. It was, during it dominated the two cities, formed the this long period, the stage upon which the border between the built environment and history of Egypt was played. The continuous the desert, and was connected to the city so building and rebuilding process may be that the Citadel would not be cut away from viewed both as a reflection and as a formal its urban support in the event of a siege.
    [Show full text]
  • Asim Possess a Fleet of Over 700 Long-Distance Trading Vessels, Venturing All Over the Gulf As Well As in India and East Africa
    Timeline / 1800 to After 1930 / ALL COUNTRIES Date Country Theme 1800s United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Cities And Urban Spaces In around 1800, the Sharjah town is estimated to have around 2,000 to 3,000 inhabitants. Early 1800s United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Economy And Trade The Qawasim possess a fleet of over 700 long-distance trading vessels, venturing all over the Gulf as well as in India and East Africa. 1800 - 1814 Italy Cities And Urban Spaces In the Napoleonic age, monumental architecture is intended to celebrate the glory of the new regime. An example of that is the Foro Bonaparte, in the area around the Sforza’s Castle in Milan (a project by Giovanni Antonio Antolini). 1800s - 1850s Italy Travelling The “Grand Tour” falls out of vogue; it used to be a period of educational travel, popular among the European aristocrats in the 17th and 18th centuries. Its primary destination was Italy. In the second half of the 19th century, vanguard artists no longer looked at Roman antiquities and Renaissance for inspiration. 1800 - 1803 Saudi Arabia Political Context Most parts of Arabia become part of the new Saudi State. In 1803, The two holy cities of Mecca (Makkah) and Medina (Madinah), along with the rest of the Hijaz region, join the Saudi State. 1800 United Kingdom Political Context The Kingdom of Great Britain comes into being under the Treaty of Union of the kingdoms of England (which then included Wales) and Scotland on 1 May 1707. It lasts, controlled under a single parliament and government based at Westminster, up until 31 December 1800.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosques Ofegypt
    The Mosques of Egypt Bernard O’Kane The Mosques of Egypt Contents Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Mosque of ‘Amr (Cairo, 641–twenty-first century) 2 Mosque of Ibn Tulun (Cairo, 876–79) 4 Mosque of al-Azhar (Cairo, 970–72 and later) 10 Mosque of al-Hakim (Cairo, 990–1013) 16 of al-Juyushi (Cairo, 1085) 22 Mashhad Three minarets: ‘Amri Mosque (Esna, 1081); al-Bahri (Shallal, eleventh century); al-Mujahadin MosqueMashhad (Asyut, 1708) 24 This edition published in 2016 by The American University in Cairo Press Mosque of Hasan ibn Salih (Bahnasa, twelfth century and later) 26 113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt 420 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 Mosque of al-Aqmar (Cairo, 1125) 28 www.aucpress.com Copyright © 2016 by Bernard O’Kane Mosque of al-‘Amri (Qus, 1155–56 and later) 32 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be Mosque of al-Salih Tala’i‘ (Cairo, 1160) 38 reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the Funerary Mosque of Sayyidna al-Husayn (Cairo, 1154–1873) 42 prior written permission of the publisher. Mosque of al-Lamati (Minya, 1182) 46 Exclusive distribution outside Egypt and North America by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd., Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi‘i (Cairo, 1211) 50 6 Salem Road, London, W4 2BU Dar el Kutub No. 7232/15 Shrine of Abu’l-Hajaj (Luxor, 1850) 54 ISBN 978 977 416 732 4 Mosque of Sultan al-Zahir Baybars (Cairo, 1267–69) 56 Dar el Kutub Cataloging-in-Publication Data Funerary Complex of Sultan Qalawun (Cairo, 1283–84) 60 O’Kane, Bernard The Mosques of Egypt / Bernard O’Kane.— Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Annales Islamologiques
    MINISTÈRE DE L'ÉDUCATION NATIONALE, DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE ANNALES ISLAMOLOGIQUES en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne AnIsl 38 (2004), p. 79-93 Philipp Speiser The Remodeling of the Cairo Citadel from the 16th to the 20th Century. Conditions d’utilisation L’utilisation du contenu de ce site est limitée à un usage personnel et non commercial. Toute autre utilisation du site et de son contenu est soumise à une autorisation préalable de l’éditeur (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). Le copyright est conservé par l’éditeur (Ifao). Conditions of Use You may use content in this website only for your personal, noncommercial use. Any further use of this website and its content is forbidden, unless you have obtained prior permission from the publisher (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). The copyright is retained by the publisher (Ifao). Dernières publications 9782724707885 Wa??’iq mu?a??a??t al-?aramayn al-šar?fayn Jehan Omran bi-si?ill?t al-D?w?n al-??l? 9782724708288 BIFAO 121 9782724708424 Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l'étranger (BAEFE) 9782724707878 Questionner le sphinx Philippe Collombert (éd.), Laurent Coulon (éd.), Ivan Guermeur (éd.), Christophe Thiers (éd.) 9782724708295 Bulletin de liaison de la céramique égyptienne 30 Sylvie Marchand (éd.) 9782724708356 Dendara. La Porte d'Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724707953 Dendara. La Porte d’Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724708394 Dendara. La Porte d'Hathor Sylvie Cauville © Institut français d’archéologie orientale - Le Caire Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 Philipp SPEISER The Remodeling of the Cairo Citadel from the 16th to the 20th Century HE Citadel (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mausoleums of Fatima Khatun and Al-Ashraf Khalil
    American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 6-1-2019 The Mausoleums of Fatima Khatun and al-Ashraf Khalil Naglaa Muhammad Sami Hassan Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Hassan, N. (2019).The Mausoleums of Fatima Khatun and al-Ashraf Khalil [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/788 MLA Citation Hassan, Naglaa Muhammad Sami. The Mausoleums of Fatima Khatun and al-Ashraf Khalil. 2019. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/788 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences The Mausoleums of Fatima Khatun and al-Ashraf Khalil A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts By Naglaa Sami Hassan Under the supervision of Prof. Bernard O’Kane May 2019 The American University in Cairo 2 For the soul of my great father, for my lovely mother, my husband and my daughters 3 Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to thank God for giving me this opportunity and enable me to achieve this task, then my mother who always inspired me to obtain a master’s degree.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study in the Cairo Citadel of Salah Al-Dien
    International Journal of Development and Sustainability ISSN: 2168-8662 – www.isdsnet.com/ijds Volume 3 Number 1 (2014): Pages 108-134 ISDS Article ID: IJDS13113001 A Manual for sustainable historical and cultural landscapes design: A case study in the Cairo Citadel of Salah al-Dien Hesham Mohamed El-Barmelgy 1*, Mohammad Hussein Refaat 2 1 Ass. Prof. of Sustainable Landscape & Urban Design Faculty of Urban & Regional Planning, Cairo University 2 Ass. Prof. of Urban Landscape Planning Faculty of Urban & Regional Planning, Cairo University Abstract Egypt is a country with a vast history. It is considered one of the world’s biggest countries in hosting a large number of various historical sites within its urban context. Cairo, in particular, hosts several historic sites within its urban fabric. These sites, by reason of their special historic, scientific, or aesthetical qualities are of highly scenic value just like World Heritage Sites. It is not surprising; therefore, that many sites are favourite tourist attractions, generating revenue and drawing world attention to their importance. The status of these sites today is considered a serious threat towards their existence. This research provokes the ability of using elements of historical via cultural landscapes as a tool for preserving and restoring the value and image of these sites for the present and future generations. It investigates the practical ability of promoting historical and cultural landscapes in historical sites. The paper, based on theoretical, practical, and comparative analysis, provides a manual for historical landscape rehabilitation projects. Keywords: Historical and cultural landscape; Historical landscapes manual; Historical Landscape Rejuvenation process Published by ISDS LLC, Japan | Copyright © 2014 by the Author(s) | This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Radicalization and Terrorism
    Krzysztof Izak Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radicalization and terrorism The COVID-191 pandemic has a huge impact on all areas of human life, including social sentiment, ideas, behaviour, crime and political violence, including terrorism. The scale of the latter phenomenon is difficult to assess because this text was written in April and May this year2, i.e. in the months when the pandemic was developing rapidly in some regions of the world, while in others, for example in Africa, it was only in development. What is noticeable, however, is the decline in media interest in acts of terrorism. Even if such events occur, it is difficult for information about them to get through to international media, including social networks. Reports of terrorist incidents are delayed. The exception is the Arabic television station Al-Jazeera. However, information about the pandemic does not come off the front pages of newspapers, fill in all the news, and even most political events take place with the coronavirus in the background. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect anyone and eliminate terrorist groups, regardless of their ideology and religious affiliation. The rigours of the pandemic have also engulfed the Islamic world. Ramadan began on April 23, the month in which, Muslims fast according to tradition. The ban on eating and drinking is valid from dawn to dusk for 30 days and is only interrupted by the evening feast (Arabic iftar), eaten in a large group of relatives or in mosques, combined with prayer. Family gatherings often last until the morning. However, the pandemic has overturned this tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 1 - Beginnings - History, Geography, and Religion
    Part 1 - Beginnings - History, Geography, and Religion SES # TOPICS REQUIRED READINGS Egypt from Alexander to the Islamic Conquest History and geography. Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. Islamic Architecture of Cairo: An Introduction. Leiden: The Nile and the site of Cairo. Brill, 1989, pp. 3-34 and 47-57. 1 The legacy of ancient Egypt. Egypt on the eve of Islam Raymond, Andre. Cairo. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000, pp. Hellenism. 7-30. Christianity and the Copts. The coming of Islam: Arabia and Kaegi, Walter. "Egypt on the Eve of the Muslim Conquest." In The Cambridge Egypt. History of Egypt. Vol. 1, Islamic Egypt 640-1517. Edited by Carl F. Petry. Cambridge, 1998, pp. 34-61. Foundation of al-Fustat Rodenbeck, Max. Cairo: The City Victorious. New York: Knopf, 1999, pp. 1-56. What is a misr? The Mosque of ‘Amru ibn al-‘As: the Abu-Lughod, Janet. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton, 1971, pp. 2 first mosque in Africa. 3-25. The vocabulary of the mosque: the minaret, the mihrab and the Briggs, Martin. Muhammadan Architecture in Egypt and Palestine. New York, minbar. reprint 1974, pp. 47-62. The Nilometer. "Kahira." In Encyclopedia of Islam. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. Abbasids and Tulunids (8th and 9th Century) Dickie, James. "Allah and Eternity: Mosques, Madrasas, and Tombs." In Architecture of the Islamic World: Its History and Social Meaning. Edited by G. Imperial ambitions: Ibn Tulun and Michell. pp. 65-79. 3 al-Ikhshid. The foundation of al-Qata‘i. The Mosque of Ibn Tulun. Buildings of the Ikhshidids. Part 2 - Age of the Caliphate - The Fatimids SES # TOPICS REQUIRED READINGS The Foundation of Fatimid al-Qahira Behrens-Abouseif, Doris.
    [Show full text]
  • Best of Egypt Explorica.Com/Myers‐5497 May 10 ‐ May 19, 2022
    Best of Egypt explorica.com/Myers‐5497 May 10 ‐ May 19, 2022 Day 1 Start tour Day 7 Luxor landmarks Tour must depart North America on Sundays or Tuesdays Arrive in Luxor West Bank of Luxor guided sightseeing tour: Valley of the Kings visit, Day 2 As‐salamu alaykum Cairo Temple of Hatshepsut , Colossi of Memnon, Temple of Ramesses III Meet your tour director and check into hotel visit, Deir el‐Medina Day 3 Sphinx & pyramids Day 8 Luxor‐‐Cairo Sphinx and pyramids area visit East Bank of Luxor guided sightseeing tour: Karnak Temple visit , Luxor Memphis visit Temple visit Sakkara site visit & view Step Pyramid of Djoser Fly to Cairo Day 4 Egyptian cruise Day 9 Cairo landmarks Fly to Aswan Cairo guided sightseeing tour: Saladin Citadel visit, Mosque of Aswan guided sightseeing tour: Unfinished obelisk, Aswan Dam Qalawun, Mosque of Muhammad Ali visit , Al‐Azhar Park visit, Egyptian Board ship for 3‐day Nile cruise Museum visit Felucca cruise with views of the Mausoleum of Aga Khan & Elnabatat's Island Day 10 End tour Cruise overnight Fly home Optional Abu Simbel excursion Day 5 Aswan‐‐Edfu Philae Temple visit Nubian Village visit Cruise to Kom Ombo Temple of Sobek and Haroeris Cruise to Edfu Day 6 Edfu‐‐Luxor Temple of Edfu visit via horse carriage Cruise to Luxor Reserve your Spot! Tour Center ID: Myers‐5497 Enroll online, Registration deadline: September 01, 2020 by phone, or by mail What's included We provide everything you need for a remarkable trip: Round‐trip airfare 5 overnight stays (8 with extension) in hotels with private bathrooms
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Acoustics in the Religious Architecture of Cairo from the Arab Conquest Through the Ottoman Period 640-1914
    American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 6-1-2016 The development of acoustics in the religious architecture of Cairo from the Arab conquest through the Ottoman period 640-1914 Ahmad Hussein Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Hussein, A. (2016).The development of acoustics in the religious architecture of Cairo from the Arab conquest through the Ottoman period 640-1914 [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/307 MLA Citation Hussein, Ahmad. The development of acoustics in the religious architecture of Cairo from the Arab conquest through the Ottoman period 640-1914. 2016. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/307 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences The Development of Acoustics in the Religious Architecture of Cairo from the Arab Conquest through the Ottoman Period 640-1914 A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts By Ahmad Awaad Mohamed Hussein (Under the supervision of Dr. Bernard O'Kane) May/2016 The American University in Cairo i The Development of Acoustics in the Religious Architecture of Cairo from the Arab Conquest through the Ottoman Period 640-1914 A Thesis Submitted by Ahmad Awaad Mohamed Hussein To the Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations May/2016 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts Has been approved by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosque of Muhammad Ali Tour
    www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow The Mosque of Muhammad Ali is the most visited Mosque in Egypt Published Date : August 7, 2020 Categories : Egypt What comes to your mind when I say Egypt? You think of the Great Pyramids of Giza, right? But apart from that, there are many iconic attractions like the Egyptian Museum that has more than 120,000 artifacts in Cairo, 63 tombs built at Valley of the Kings in Luxor. The Mosque of Muhammad Ali in Cairo is one such historic landmark. It’s the most visited Mosque in entire Egypt. The main reason for the popularity is its prominent location; sitting on top of the citadel (like a fort) in Cairo’s center. The Mosque has a massive capacity of 10,000 worshippers and fondly known as ‘Alabaster Mosque’ History Constructed somewhere between 1830 and 1848, Muhammad Ali built it in the memory of his son Tusun Pasha. Originally the mosque was white in color. But in course of time, the pollution and wind turned it into a dusty color. Mosque Style www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow The Mosque features the Ottoman style architecture; dome upon another dome along with thin minarets. You can find a lot in Istanbul like the Blue mosque, the Camlica mosque. Entrance fee • The entrance to the citadel and mosque is 180 EGP (Egyptian pounds)~ 10€ • Half the price (90 EGP) for any student in the world (valid for every single attraction in Egypt) Mosque interiors The inside structures are fascinating. The combination of stained glass windows, glowing chandeliers, alabaster (mineral for carving) walls, carpet make it unique.
    [Show full text]
  • Integral Scientific and Religious Approach to Covid-19 the Sudden Spike in Infections with Covid-19 Is Been a Major Setback
    Abrar A bi-monthly newsletter published by the Abrar Islamic Foundation 45 CrawfordEdior: Place, DrLondon Saeed W!H Shehabi 4LP A bi-monthly newsletter Tel:Published 020 7724 by the 3033 45Fax: Crawford 020 7724 Place, 7219 LondonEmail: W1H 4LP Vol 16, No 7 (391) 1st—15th October 2020 [email protected] Tel: 020Website: 7724 3033 Integral scientific and religious approach to Covid-19 www.abrar.org.uk The sudden spike in infections with Covid-19 is been a major setback. Religion has not claimed Email: a serious development in the fledgling battle superiority in fighting normal diseases or pan- abrarhouse between mankind and the Corona virus. Nine demics. Islamic teachings have stressed the @hotmail.com months have passed since the infections had need to regulate the human intake as a way to Website begun and research started to counter its spread. prevent diseases. Imam Ali said: The stomach www.abraronline.net Up to date no real breakthrough has been is the house of disease; the diet is the house of Charity no. 293802 achieved. It is clear that the summer season has cure. Modern medicine is based on tackling the reduced infections especially in the Northern symptoms of the disease but not the causes re- hemisphere, but they have started to climb up as lated to the quality of food. With the spread of Autumn began. It is feared that seasonal cold the genetically modified (GM) foods and the and flu can lead to the mushrooming of the extensive use of chemical fertilisers healthy diet We stand for: Covid-19 infections and more death could oc- has not been available to all.
    [Show full text]