Design for X?: Distribution Choices and Ethical Design

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Design for X?: Distribution Choices and Ethical Design alt.chi CHI 2012, May 5–10, 2012, Austin, Texas, USA Design for X?: Distribution Choices and Ethical Design Elizabeth Goodman Abstract School of Information This paper investigates an especially value-laden University of California, Berkeley product category: sex-oriented technologies. Reviewing Berkeley, CA , 94720 USA four systems encountered through qualitative fieldwork [email protected] at an adult entertainment trade show, we examine how designers make claims for distribution of agency in Janet Vertesi their systems, and the consequent technical choices. In Society of Fellows in the Liberal Arts the face of diverse configurations of systems, users, & Sociology Department and designers, we suggest that designers treat their Princeton University practice less as an expression of enduring or user- 10A Joseph Henry House specific “values,” and more as a series of decisions Princeton, NJ 08540 USA about the ethical distribution of control and [email protected] responsibility within systems. Keywords Values; design; sexuality ACM Classification Keywords H.5.m [Information interfaces and presentation (e.g., Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for HCI)]: Miscellaneous. personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that Introduction copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy Sex has recently become a site of interest at CHI. Much otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, of the HCI work in this domain examines the issue of requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. design for domesticity and intimacy [3][6][8]. Some CHI’12, May 5–10, 2012, Austin, Texas, USA. researchers argue for design that takes a variety of Copyright 2012 ACM 978-1-4503-1016-1/12/05...$10.00. versions of human sexuality into account [17], while 81 alt.chi CHI 2012, May 5–10, 2012, Austin, Texas, USA others advocate designing specifically for human sexual androcentric and medicalized female orgasm, while encounters [4][7]. Still others review available designs feminist scholars such as Sandra Harding [16] study in this domain [2][10]. Above all, these researchers gendering in technology to interrogate ethics, argue that HCI, as a field interested in human designerly agency, and politics. Along these lines, experience, must account for human sexuality in its contemporary intimate technologies continue to design and research practices. configure the user [27] for a sexual experience that defines the role that participants are to play in that In this paper, we review a variety of sex-oriented activity. As each device provides particular scripts [1] technologies. However, we are not pursuing the themes for user engagement, it also supports a particular kind of embodiment, intimacy, or experience assumed to be of sexual experience. This experience may be value- inherent in the activity. Rather our interest lies in how laden, based on cultural norms, or designed around a sex-oriented technologies, a particularly value-laden particular view of sexuality (heterosexual, passive, etc). category of devices, make visible different arrangements of responsibility and control. We are well accustomed in HCI to discussing how artifacts embody values and social relations. Science We draw insight from case studies collected through and Technology Studies provides a useful point of observations and interviews at the Adult Entertainment departure for analyzing the social shaping of Expo in Los Vegas, which we attended as part of an technological systems, as well as how different devices organized Swarm Ethnography of the Consumer make different “capacities for action” [26] available to Electronic Show in January 2007 [25]. The Adult the user. The Values in Design framework brings this Entertainment Expo draws about 25,000 visitors a year literature into the conversation in HCI. Whether seeking [9]. While pornography companies and stars make up a to broaden the definition of user values that inform large part of the attraction, the show also displays the design [19], or advising commitment to normative latest sex-oriented gadgets and services to interested values such as sustainability or autonomy [15], work in vendors and consumers. Several of these products are this domain hopes to open technologies up to different particularly evocative as case studies for exploring how scripts, capacities for action, and user configurations. technological systems articulate models of user engagement. Our discussion of sex technologies contributes to this conversation, but not by analyzing what these devices Human sexuality is complex: multivalent, analytically say about normative cultural values of sexuality or charged, morally-laden, and subject to cultural norms. user-centered engagement. Instead, we examine the Thus studies of sex technologies present an excellent role of the designer in making choices about how extreme case for discussing value-laden design choices. designers, users, and devices interact. The discourse of This is not a new tactic: Rachel Maines’ [23] study of value-centered design, we argue, is not only about late nineteenth century treatments for hysteria reveals designing with the values of users in mind, nor even the role of vibrators in constructing a passive, about the importance of abstract principles. It must 82 alt.chi CHI 2012, May 5–10, 2012, Austin, Texas, USA also be about thoughtful decision-making about how advised one of the authors that a boyfriend was not systems might distribute capacities for action among its even required: she could get her own blog on their site users - and in some cases, to its designers as well. so that many men could pay her to plug their bowling pins into her private show. In this way, she explained, The Devices “every woman can be an actress.” We highlight four systems that we observed at the Adult Entertainment Expo. In each case, we did not At first glance, the system appears very flexible: two or interview or observe anyone actually using these more users can use it anywhere in the world. However, devices. We examine instead how inventors, designers, it distributes agency inflexibly. The “actress” controls salespeople, and marketing materials articulate choices the sensations transmitted to one or more passive Figure 1. The Segment service about the “distribution of competencies” [20] between partners. The rod’s sensors transmit and replicate system, featuring personal designer, user, and system. pressure within the bowling pin, but the bowling pin computer with display, two USB- does not transmit signals to the rod. That is, what supported peripherals, and Active and passive users happens inside the bowling pin does not relay a envisioned blogger display. The first design is an example of teledildonics: devices corresponding stimulus to the “actress.” When one that enable sex at a distance. The Segment system author asked about two-way communication, the [22], illustrated in Figure 1, received a lot of attention system’s spokeswoman said that this was too complex at the show. In this system, a pink plastic rod with a problem to solve.1 internal, colorful LED lights plugs into the computer through a USB port, while a model vagina (tucked into Thus the device’s one-way communication architecture a silver bowling pin for discreet storage, resonant with renders one user (presumably female) active in the importance of invisibility as described in [6] — pleasuring the other, passive, male participant. In although the rod displays no such discretion) plugs into terms of distribution of agency, the responsibility is the receiving computer’s USB port. Sensors on the rod fully placed on a singularly active female user, who respond to varying degrees of pressure placed on it, presumably derives her own pleasure from gratifying transmitting this data through the Internet. The interior one or more passive males. of the bowling-pin peripheral then replicates the sensor pressure data. A designer’s responsibility On the other side of the floor, another inventor proudly The system reaches beyond the hardware. In addition demonstrated his system to a crowd of visitors. As in to the peripherals, the company teamed up with a the Segment system, here a user could remotely blogging software site to provide a unique service: control a rhythmically moving dildo, although this time women could sign up for their own personal blog on the site in which they could transmit their activities with 1 Also unsupported were two bowling pins or two rods. While two the rod (and a webcam) online to a paying audience of men could use the bowling-pin-plus-rod configuration, lesbians bowling-pin-possessing subscribers. The sales rep might have some trouble putting it to use. 83 alt.chi CHI 2012, May 5–10, 2012, Austin, Texas, USA without an Internet connection. A complex series of responsibility for all modes of user engagement, buttons on a pink or blue plastic console hidden in a participating in the system even at a distance. briefcase (available in pink or in silver) moved the detachable dildo in several pre-set modes. The user-run community The OhMiBod device, also discussed in [2] and [11], While we were observing the display, a crew and plugs into an iPod (Figure 3).2 This device converts television personality arrived to film an interview with audio signals from any song played on the iPod into a the inventor for a foreign broadcast station. We pattern of vibration appropriate to the musical observed as the inventor demonstrated the variety of selection. We encountered the inventor and his product modes available on the system, the speed controls, and booth tucked away at the Retailers’ Display section, far the special combination setting that played all modes at from the bustle of the main floor. Here, product makers Figure 2: An unassuming once. As the dildo moved smoothly at a jackhammer were keen to find distributors and stores that would briefcase hides the control panel for this remote controlled device.
Recommended publications
  • Target Value Design Inspired Practices to Deliver Sustainable Buildings
    buildings Article Target Value Design Inspired Practices to Deliver Sustainable Buildings Samia S. Silveira and Thais da C. L. Alves * Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-619-594-8289 Received: 15 June 2018; Accepted: 16 August 2018; Published: 23 August 2018 Abstract: The design of environmentally-friendly buildings relies on the work of interdisciplinary teams who have to look at problems in a holistic way. Teams need to communicate, collaborate, and make decisions not solely based on first cost considerations. For this purpose, Target Value Design (TVD) related practices are being used to deliver green buildings in Southern California while meeting strict code requirements and addressing the needs of multiple stakeholders in a collaborative fashion. This study did not quantify costs associated with design and construction of sustainable buildings. It used an analytical process that compared and contrasted available literature on TVD and interviews with industry practitioners to investigate the use of TVD-inspired practices in the construction industry in Southern California and identify the current use of TVD-inspired practices in the design of green buildings. The study revealed that, even though practitioners might not be aware of how TVD can be fully implemented in these projects, a number of TVD-inspired practices are currently being used. Examples are provided to illustrate their practical use in the design of sustainable buildings and how practice compares to theory regarding TVD implementation. Keywords: lean construction; Target Value Design; sustainable buildings; collaboration 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Design for Automatic Assembly a Recommendation on How to Implement and Apply DFAA at Company Y
    DEGREE PROJECT IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2018 Implementing Design For Automatic Assembly A recommendation on how to implement and apply DFAA at Company Y FILIPPA VON YXKULL KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Implementing Design For Automatic Assembly A recommendation on how to implement and apply DFAA at Company Y Filippa von Yxkull Master of Science Thesis TPRMM: 2018: KTH Production Engineering and Management Industrial Production SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM Abstract The need to work with Design for Automatic Assembly (DFAA) has been widely recognized in the literature. However, the implementation of DFAA is not clearly defined. Therefore, the purpose of this master thesis is to investigate and contribute with knowledge of how DFAA should be implemented into an organization, such as Company Y. Several interviews have been conducted to establish a current state analysis, to receive an understanding of the current problems at Company Y and how to address them. A benchmarking study was conducted, where the three companies Ericsson, Company X and Scania were interviewed. All three companies have successfully implemented DFA and were interviewed with the purpose to obtaining their best practices. The study also included an early implementation of DFAA, where a software based DFA2-method created by Eskilander (2001) was tested on a current product and a new developed design concept at Company Y. Based on this a recommended workflow of the evaluation could be attained. Based on the empirical gatherings several recommendations of how DFAA should be implemented into the organization could be made.
    [Show full text]
  • Design for Sustainability: Overvie and Trends
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, ICED'09 24 - 27 AUGUST 2009, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STANFORD, CA, USA Gaurav Ameta Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-2920, USA. ABSTRACT This paper presents recent trends in Design for Sustainability (DfS) with foresight and strategy as the point of view. We first provide a definition of design for sustainability based on the notion of sustainability. Then, we show the scope of various Design for X concepts in relation to the stages of product lifecycle and the triple bottom lines of sustainability; economy, environment and society. A survey of the recent studies for designing sustainable products is presented followed by the detail summary of various metrics that are used in relation to sustainability and designing environmentally friendly products. Keywords: Design for Sustainability, Sustainability, DfX To understand the meaning of Design for Sustainability, we need to understand the meaning of the word sustainability or sustainable. The word “sustainable” was first used with respect to its current usage as sustainable development. Sustainable development is the development that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” [1]. A definition of sustainability according to the US National Research Council is “the level of human consumption and activity, which can continue into the foreseeable future, so that the systems that provides goods and services to the humans, persists indefinitely” [2]. Other authors (e.g., Stavins et al. [3]) have argued that any definition of sustainability should include dynamic efficiency, should consist of total welfare (accounting for intergenerational equity) and should represent consumption of market and non-market goods and services.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of a Design Method for Manufacture and Assembly Flexible Assembly Methods and Their Evaluation for the Construction of Bridges
    Application of a Design Method for Manufacture and Assembly Flexible Assembly Methods and their Evaluation for the Construction of Bridges Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Design and Construction Project Management MICHEL KALYUN TEZERA WODAJO Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Structural Engineering Steel and Timber Structures CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2012 Master’s Thesis 2012:29 MASTER’S THESIS 2012:29 Application of a Design Method for Manufacture and Assembly Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Design and Construction Project Management MICHEL KALYUN & TEZERA WODAJO Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Structural Engineering Steel and Timber Structures CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2012 Application of a Design Method for Manufacture and Assembly Flexible Assembly Methods and their Evaluation for the Construction of Bridges Master of Science Thesis in the Master’s Programme Design and Construction Project Management MICHEL KALYUN & TEZERA WODAJO © MICHEL KALYUN & TEZERA WODAJO, 2012 Examensarbete/Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola 2012:29 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Construction Management Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone: + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Cover: Demonstration of easy assembly Chalmers reproservice / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Göteborg, Sweden 2012 Application of a Design Method
    [Show full text]
  • Theory of Constraints (TOC) As an Operations Improvement Methodology at the Private Healthcare Sector in Cyprus Spyridon Bonatsos
    Theory of constraints (TOC) as an operations improvement methodology at the private healthcare sector in Cyprus Spyridon Bonatsos To cite this version: Spyridon Bonatsos. Theory of constraints (TOC) as an operations improvement methodology at the private healthcare sector in Cyprus. Business administration. Université de Strasbourg, 2019. English. NNT : 2019STRAB021. tel-02965900 HAL Id: tel-02965900 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02965900 Submitted on 13 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université de Strasbourg Ecole Doctorale Augustin Cournot HuManiS (ED 221) THESE POUR L’ OBTENTION DU DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES DE GESTION Application de la Théorie des contraintes (TOC) dans le secteur des soins de santé privé à Chypre THESE présentée par: Spyridon Bonatsos Soutenue le: 20 March 2019 “τα πάντα ρεῖ” – “Everything flows.” Heraclitus JURY Directeur de thése Thierry Nobre Professeur, Université de Strasbourg Rapporteurs Irène G eorgescu Professeur, Université de Montpellier François M eyssonier Professeur, Université de Nantes Membres Philippe Wieser Professeur, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Christophe Baret Professeur, Université de Aix Marseille Acknowledgments With this opportunity, I would like to convey my sincere thanks and gratitude to the University of Strasbourg for honoring me with accepting my enrollment to the doctoral program.
    [Show full text]
  • A Methodology Based on Theory of Constraints' Thinking
    A Methodology Based on Theory of Constraints’ Thinking Processes for Managing Complexity in the Supply Chain vorgelegt von Master of Science Şeyda Serdar Asan aus Istanbul, Türkei von der Fakultät V – Verkehrs- und Maschinensysteme der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften - Dr.-Ing. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Dietrich Manzey Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Herrmann Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Straube Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 30 Oktober 2009 Berlin 2009 D 83 Acknowledgements This thesis is the final product of my PhD studies at the Department of Quality Sciences of TU Berlin. This whole process has been an invaluable experience enabling me to learn and grow, both personally and academically. I am grateful to many people for their help, guidance, encouragement, inspiration, friendship, and patience throughout the course of this study. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Herrmann, my advisor, for his professionalism, wisdom, kindness, patience, trust, and also for the encouragement of initiative and freedom of thought. I come out of from this experience so much richer and stronger in many ways. I am grateful to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Straube, my co-advisor, for his interest in my thesis and valuable comments and suggestions. I thank Prof. Dr. Dietrich Manzey, the chair of the advisory committee, for his support and interest in my studies. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Tanyaş at the Department of International Logistics of the Okan University for his continuous support not only during this study but also through my whole academic life.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Product Design for Environmental Impact Reduction
    GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCT DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REDUCTION JULIROSE GONZALES THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2018 ABSTRACT The growing environmental awareness of today’s consumers has put the manufacturing companies with the burden of taking responsibility for their own product’s environmental impact. This incited the need to develop product management systems which focus on minimizing a product’s impact across its life cycle. However, a survey conducted on Malaysian design companies suggests that there are no systems available for them to include environmental considerations in their product design processes. This dissertation presents a study on product design optimization which focuses on the inclusion of the potential environmental impact in the design consideration. The aim of this research is to develop a methodology that will aid designers to reduce the potential environmental impact of a product’s design, which does not require them to train additional skills in environmental impact analysis. Analysis of the effect of changing the product design parameters such as its dimensions, and basic features on the environmental impact of machining process in terms of its power consumption, waste produced and the chemicals and other consumables used up during the process is the key method in this research. A novel feature-based product design methodology based on an integrated CAD-LCA approach is developed which analyzes a product design’s environmental impact. Genetic Algorithm is applied to the product design parameters to create a feedback system in order to get the best possible product design solutions with the least environmental impact within the product design functionality limitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Design for Manufacture and Assembly (Dfma) in Construction: the Old and the New Weisheng Lu1, Tan Tan2*, Jinying Xu3, Jing Wang4, Ke Chen5, Shang Gao6, and Fan Xue7
    Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) in construction: the old and the new Weisheng Lu1, Tan Tan2*, Jinying Xu3, Jing Wang4, Ke Chen5, Shang Gao6, and Fan Xue7 This is a copy of the peer-reviewed Accepted Manuscript of the paper: Lu, W., Tan, T., Xu, J., Wang, J., Chen, K., Gao, S. & Xue, F. (2020). Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) in construction: The old and the new. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, in press. Doi: 10.1080/17452007.2020.1768505 This document is available for personal and non-commercial use only, as permitted by Taylor & Francis Group’s Architectural Engineering and Design Management. The final version is available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/17452007.2020.1768505 5 6 Abstract 7 Design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) has become a buzzword amid the global 8 resurgence of prefabrication and construction industrialization. Some argued that DfMA is 9 hardly new, as there are concepts such as buildability, lean construction, value management, 10 and integrated project delivery in place already. Others believe that DfMA is a new direction 11 to future construction. This paper aims to review the development of DfMA in manufacturing 12 and its status quo in construction, and clarify its similarities and differences to other concepts. 13 A multi-step research method is adopted in this study: First, an analytical framework is 14 generated; Secondly, a literature review is conducted on DfMA in general, and DfMA-like 15 concepts in the AEC industry; The third step is to compare DfMA with related concepts. This 16 study reveals that DfMA as a philosophy is hardly new in construction, and the empirical 17 implementation of many DfMA guidelines has begun in the AEC industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 18Th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED11)
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 18, 2017 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED11) Book of Abstracts Maier, Anja; Mougaard, Krestine; Howard, Thomas J.; McAloone, Tim C. Publication date: 2011 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Maier, A., Mougaard, K., Howard, T. J., & McAloone, T. C. (2011). Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED11): Book of Abstracts. Design Society. (ICED 11; No. DS 68-11). General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, 15 - 18 August 2011 IMPACTING SOCIETY THROUGH ENGINEERING DESIGN PROGRAMME & ABSTRACT BOOK 15 August 2011 16 August 2011 17 August 2011 18 August 2011 19 August 2011 TIME MONDAY TUESDAY
    [Show full text]
  • Phases of Design Design for X (DFX)
    Phases of Design 1) Customer Requirements 2) Specification Development 3) Conceptual Design 4) Detail Design 5) Specification of Production 6) Manufacture 7) Recycle Design for X (DFX) X is a Variable Name • Design for Manufacture Design for X (DFX) • Design for Assembly Design for X (DFX) • Design for Environment • Design for Disassembly Design for X (DFX) • Design for Maintenance • Design for Safety Design for Assembly • Methods consists of a design review by – Design and development personnel – Production personnel • The technique imposes – Discipline – Objectiveness • The technique also imposes – Exciting rivalries – Defensive postures within an organization Aspects of Design for Assembly • DFA is applicable to – Products consisting of 20 -200 parts – Mainly for mechanical parts (not electronic circuits) – Dimensions lie between those of watches and cars • No specialized knowledge of the means of production is needed • Requires 1-2 days to perform for a product • Often 30% improvement in the assembly cost • Can be performed in the various stages in the design process and repeated Design for Assembly (Criteria) • Execution of assembly operations – Storing – Handling • Identifying • Picking-Up • Moving – Positioning • Orientating • Aligning – Joining – Adjusting – Securing – Inspecting Design for Assembly (Criteria) • Standardization of assembly operations • Possible use of existing assembly equipment and tools • Possible use of standard assembly tools Design for Assembly (Criteria) • Number of operations in overall assembly • Favorable
    [Show full text]
  • Materials Selection and the DFX Methodology for Product Developments G. F. Batalha
    Design for X – design for excellence 6. Materials selection and the DFX methodology for product developments 6.1. Introduction A topic about how materials selection when integrated into the design methodology can be carried out under several points of view when looking for a methodology for product development. The Design for Excellence, with emphasis in Design for Manufacturing and Assembly as well as a design for life cycle in mechanical design are primarily concerned here; As early postulated by several authors [87-89], however, topics of industrial design, meaning pattern, colour, texture, and consumer appeal are important, the starting point is always a good mechanical design, and the role of materials employed in its manufacturing and assembly, including their life cycle. Several authors have been looking to develop smart systems based on artificial intelligence, neuronal network, genetic algorithm, or even statistical methods in order to develop a methodology for manufacturing processes and materials selection which is design- led; using as inputs, the functional requirements of the design and the its life cycle [90-91]. This chapter introduces and tries to give a brief review of potential of these techniques as well some as new materials and process in order to include in the design for excellence new materials and manufacturing process keeping in mind the idea of sustainability and design for life cycle and the ways in which materials selection links with these. 6.2. Types of design and the materials and technology life cycle As postulated earlier it is very important to use DFX since from the very early stage of the design.
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for Modular Product Design Based on Design for 'X'methodology
    A Framework for Modular Product Design based on Design for ‘X’ Methodology A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Dynamic Systems of the College of Engineering and Applied Science 2013 by Anoop Sreekumar Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, India, May 2010 Committee Chair: Dr. Anil Mital ABSTRACT New products are routinely introduced in the expanding consumer market. In spite of incorporating many advanced technical features, only a few of these are financially successful. While competition, economic, and cultural, experience, and reputation factors are major influences in the success, or failure, of a product, a well-researched and efficient design distinguishes successful products from others. Product design and development, is a vastly researched topic and Design for ‘X’ (DFX) methodology is the basis for majority of product design procedures presently. Yet, there exist no framework for product design and development that can guide a designer through each design criterion, or ‘X’, in this methodology. Such a framework, if existed, would list out the design attributes and design factors for each of the design criterion. This purpose of this work is to establish such a framework for designing products. It is intended for this framework to be interactive while guiding the designer through each factor that may be critical in design. The framework described here considers 8 different criteria, each broken into design factors and sub-factors. Each design criterion is discussed as a separate design module.
    [Show full text]