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Palynological Analysis of Lower Gondwana Sediments Exposed Along the Umrar River, South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India

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Palynological Analysis of Lower Gondwana Sediments Exposed Along the Umrar River, South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India PaJaeobolanisl 54(2005) : 87-97 0031-017412005/87-97 $2.00 Palynological analysis ofLower Gondwana sediments exposed along the Umrar River, South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India RAM AWATAR, MADHAV KUMAR AND NEERU PRAKASH Birbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226 007, India. (Received 09 December 2004; revised version accepted 16 August 2005) ABSTRACT Ram-Awatar, Kumar M and Prakash N 2005. Palynological analysis of Lower Gondwana sediments exposed along the Umrar River, South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist 54: 87-97. The palynflora and other organic content in carbon?ceous shales, exposed along Umrar River, District Umaria have been studied. The organic matter comprises rich black debris, biodegraded, amorphous and structured material, mainly composed ofland-derived plant fragments, e.g., leaf cuticles, twigs, stem (elements with bordered pits, xylem and phloem tissues) and roots with their various degradational phases. The basal part ofthe sequence indicates reducing environment ofdeposition while upper part denotes a slow depositional setting under moderately oxidizing conditions. Two palynozones have been recognized: the basal-most sequence is characterized by the dominance ofCa{{umispora and Jayal1lisporiles, wh iIe the younger sequence is dominated by Parasacciles-Plicalipo{{enites and zonate triletes in association with striate-bisaccate pollen affiliated to the Lower and Upper Karharbari miofloras. Record of Dictyotidium, Muraticava, Leiosphaeridia, Ba{l1Iee{{a, Foveofilsa and Tetraporil1a suggests a brackish water regime during deposition of these sediments. The present study deals with the age of spores-pollen assemblages and the characteristics of organic matter in order to assess the depositional environment of lithologically undifferentiated, coal­ bearing Early Permian strata of South Rewa Basin, Madhya Pradesh. Key-words-Palynology, Organic matter, Early Permian, Umaria Coalfield, Madhya Pradesh, India. mU~ ~ ~1Iqf{C1 ~ 'qRCf ~ lf~~T ctT ~ 00 mufi ctT \3l1m ~ cfi ,ib.II:::J1 ~ ~ fq~~ q(IlIIOIFclCfi TI"l \l1Cfffi1, J:f[tp.f ~ ~ ;ffi<; ~~T ~ "Ii1~"I~'R1 ~ ~ ~ ~ <iil i3l:rm ~ ~ fl"ll"ll"d( if Cl"lVlmJild crm \3P1 ;Jrq ~ ~ ~ 'l1ffi-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ qc:rt CfJT ~ur:R fc);<:rr rr:rr ~ I ;Jrq qc:rt if 'IT5TT if "trT qrc:q ~ ~ ~ ~: ~-~ CJ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ Fcrm crm ~ ':fld" W1" I ®TI if q'rm ~ ;mr"!il ~ ~.m ~ ~ f1(il"llr"l"li ~ ~~-~~~.m ~ w:r quf ~, ~, ~ ~ ~ ~..q('f ~ ~ ~ fl41~iRi1d d""I1, ~m rffif, ;mr"!il B W1" crm \Wf; (e,ql"df{d ~ ~ ~ R~ ~lCf{fl"liI(OI ~ ~ I qrc:q ;mr"!il ~ 'l1ffi Iffiit <iil \3'1fi~ ~ I:!~ CfJT Vf4TC1' ;;iT ~ ~ S~ ~ ~ ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~"fIGlil ~'lWfr m G1 CfJT fc);<:rr rr:rr ~ ~?141N!a ~ ~ ~, ~ ~~T: ~ ~ \11l/;J)N!a \ifOl fcl; "'1ClR «Tfr:! R9 \NU orrft © Birbal Salmi Institute or Palaeobotany, India 88 THE PALAEOBOTANIST ~ ~q(f msr-o-~ ~ ~oflw;/{RA (l~ B qw]CliUT of; if 0fjcj;r!jQ/&'1/$RA qfi:Rl ~ ~ ~ ~ {gfc;:c~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~01t1<!-~ ett &m &TIft I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (l~ jOr!jiJi/Cl/, Ri<iJff.hf!R,q/, ritFcrJitr§& eeo<iJf?'1/ ett of; Rm of; ~ ;ft~<:[ ~~T ~ ~ ~ ~T'li ~ ~ ~ "I:fl1'<l • B <8 m I -31v:r:Ff CIlT J:f<Z! of; ftm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ if ett of; Rm of; ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ (l'4T \31Cf; iffi'[ of; CIlT quA 'liT11 I l ~ ~, ~, J:f~~T, ~ ~ Q<l lI'1!cl$1I'1, ~ CfGF.f, iJI1ft<:rr 'llT"{"(l1 INTRODUCTION The present paper deals with the palynology and depositional environment ofthe Karharbari Formation, exposed HE carbonaceous sandy shale and sandstone beds along Umrar River and ev~duates the organic matter on the T exposed along the Umrar River and in adjoining hillocks basis of their temporal and spatial distribution in this part of near Umaria (between Long. 80°47'- 80°56' E: Lat. 23°29'- 23°38' the Umaria Coalfield. N) represent Early Permian (Lower Gondwana) sediments. This sequence extends over 3-4 km 2 at southeast of the Umaria MATERIAL AND METHODS town. Investigations of plant micro-and megafossil of Early The studied area is situated in east central part of the Permian sequence of South Rewa Basin began with the South Rewa Basin, 2 km northeast ofUmaria Railway station. contribution ofMehta (1944), who recorded two miospore taxa The sedimentary fill of 3.5 m thick section of carbonaceous - Pityosporites gondwanensis and Hymenozonotriletes sp. shale rests over the lowermost coalseam of the Umaria Later, Maithy (1966) recorded Gangamopteris cyclopteroides Coalfield, which was submerged in water. Most of the beds Feistmantel, Glossopteris indica Schimper, Noeggerathiopsis are affected by faults and displacement at several places. In sp., Cordaicarpus zeil!eri Maithy, cf. Gondwanidium sp. and total, eleven samples containing coaly, carbonaceous and few equisetalean stems. Maithy (1968) later recorded 15 sandy shale were collected from the section exposed along monosaccate miospore taxa and correlated the coal-bearing Umrar River, near the Railway Bridge on the Karni-Bilaspur beds of the Umaria Coalfield with the Karharbari Stage, Railway Line (Fig. 1). For organic matter analysis, about 30 confuming the earlier opinion ofFeistmantel (1884) and Hughes gram ofsample was dissolved in dilute HCl (40%), followed by (1884). In addition to these studies, Tripathi (1952) recorded treatment with 40% HF. The insoluble residue was sieved some megaspores from the coaliferous strata of Umaria through a 500-mesh sieve and slides were prepared using Coalfield. Also, Lele and Chandra (1969, 1972) repOited a Talcillr standard palynological techniques. For spores-pollen analysis, palynoflora, including acritarch-like microfossils from this area. another 20 gram of each sample was treated with HF (40%) Saksena (1971) described miosopres from the Ganjra Nala followed by HNO, and 5 % KOH solution and sieved through section, while Lele and Chandra (1973) gave a detailed account 500 mesh. The macerated residue in suitable quantity was ofpalynoassemblage from the Talcrur boulder bed from Johilla smeared on cover slip with polyvinyl alcohol and mounted on Coalfield. Chandra and Lele (1979) provided a comparative glass slides with Canada-balsam. The organic matters were account of palynoflora from the Talchir Formation of categorized after the classification ofMasran and Pocock (1981) Birsinghpur Pali, Anuppur, ChiIimiri, Manendragarh and Umaria and Hart (1986). About 500-600 organic matter and 200 coalfields. They established the Plicatipollenites­ palynotaxa were counted in each sample to observe their Parasaccites and Prasaccites-Plicatipol!enites zones for the frequency. The different types oforganic matter and palynotaxa lower and upper part of the Talchir Formation respectively. were quantified to estimate percentage abundance for each Srivastava and Anand-Prakash ( 1984) and Anand-Prakash and type in every sample, which reflects their pattem ofdistribution, Srivastava (1984) gave a detailed account of the Karharbari as shown in Figs 2 and 3. All the slides, photonegatives and and Barakar palynofloras ofUmrar River, Johilla River and Pali materials are housed at the Museum of the Birbal Sahni Coal Mine of the Umaria Coalfield. Chandra and Srivastava Institute ofPalaeobotany, Lucknow. (1986) contributed a comparative account of palynoassemblages ofthe Umaria, Birsinghpur Pali, Anuppur GEOLOGY and Chirimiri coalfields and established stratigraphical status of these sediments. Ram-Awatar (1996) described a Late The area was first surveyed by Medilicott (1860) and Permian-Early Triassic transitional palynoflora in subsurface later by Hughes (1881). Gee (1928) proved the existence of deposits (KU-I), I km North-West ofKarkeli Railway Station, workable coal seams in Umaria Coalfield. Further, Umaria Coalfield. Venkatappayya et al. (1960) surveyed the area in detail. Raja RAM·AWATAR el a!.-PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LOWER GONDWANA SEDIMENTS, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA 89 Rao (1983) proposed the following litho-stratigraphc basal most formation of the Gondwana sequence overlaying sequences: the Archeans, consists ofboulder bed, needle shale, siltstone Trap and green sandstone. The marine fossiliferou~ beds are Lametas exposed about 3.5 k.m west from Umaria railway station at the ------Unconfonnity·-------­ vicinity ofNarsarha Nala. The Barakar Formation overlies the Supra-Barakar Talchir Formation consisting of massive to medium coarse­ Barakar grained sandstone associated with six coal seams. The Talchir succession ofthese sediments crop-out along the Umrar River. ------Unconfonnity--- ----­ The Barakar Formation is ultimately overlained by the Supra­ Metamorphic Barakar sequence in the northern part ofthe Umaria Coalfield. The Lower Gondwana sediments are deposited over FACIES ASSOCIATION Archeans, the basement rock, exposed towards western, northern and southern sides of Umaria town. The Lower Two facies types have been recognized within 3.5 m thick Gondwana sediments are deposited along the Umrar River sedimentary sequence: I) arenaceous facies sandwiched within and few tributaries ofMahanadi River. Talchir Formation, the carbonaceous sandy shales, 2) argillaceous bottom coal and LEGEND N g Supra-Barakar Formation f,~ .. o Barakar Formation ~ 1 Talchir Formation M Precambrian /...- Coal Seam F//F Fault --t()" Dip &Strike 30 + <!) Sampling Location e; Q) ~~I Clay ~ :: : .0. °0 :• ~Shale [:'.\d Sandstone ~ Carbonaceous sandy shale IICoal ... ... 23°30' Fig. I-Location of the area studied. 90 THE PALAEOBOTANIST carbonaceous shales at places. Coal and carbonaceous shales PALYNOFACIESANALYSIS yielded rich palynological contents while sandstones are barren. To explain differences in palynofacies, these
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