Técnicas Baseadas Em Grafos Para Priorizac¸˜Ao De

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Técnicas Baseadas Em Grafos Para Priorizac¸˜Ao De UNIVERSIDADE DE BRAS´ILIA FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA ELETRICA´ TECNICAS´ BASEADAS EM GRAFOS PARA PRIORIZAC¸ AO˜ DE INVESTIGAC¸ OES˜ POLICIAIS DE FRAUDES BANCARIAS´ ELETRONICASˆ ALEX´ MOREIRA DO PATROC´INIO ORIENTADOR: ZENILTON KLEBER GONC¸ALVES DO PATROC´INIO JUNIOR´ DISSERTAC¸ AO˜ DE MESTRADO EM ENGENHARIA ELETRICA´ AREA´ DE CONCENTRAC¸ AO˜ INFORMATICA´ FORENSE E SEGURANC¸A DA INFORMAC¸ AO˜ PUBLICAC¸ AO:˜ PPGEE.DM - 632/2016 BRAS´ILIA / DF: DEZEMBRO/2016 A` Deus, que me trouxe at´eaqui, que me guarda e me guia, e que me d´afor¸caspara honrar os que me s˜aocaros. Ao meu orientador e querido irm˜aoZenilton Kleber Gon¸calves do Patroc´ınio J´unior,que sempre me apoiou na minha vida, aos meus pais Edna Moreira do Patroc´ınioe Zenilton Kleber Gon¸calves do Patroc´ınio,exemplos de vida, determina¸c˜aoe amor, `asminhas lindas filhas B´arbaraMoreira do Patroc´ınio e Bianca Moreira do Patroc´ınio,que me enchem de carinho, amor, orgulho, e que fazem tudo valer a pena. iv AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador e querido irm˜aoProf. Dr. Zenilton Kleber Gon¸calves do Patroc´ınioJ´unior,pelo constante apoio, incentivo, amizade e dedica¸c˜ao,n˜ao s´ona minha vida acadˆemicacomo na minha vida pessoal em fam´ılia,al´em do seu profissionalismo essencial para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Agrade¸co`aminha fam´ılia,irm˜aosDaniel e Zenilton Jr. e irm˜aJana´ına, em especial aos meus pais Zenilton e Edna, que me encheram de apoio e carinho ao longo da minha vida. Ao meu colega de trabalho e amigo o Perito Criminal Federal Stefenson Marcus Pinto Scafutto que foi o primeiro a me incentivar a concorrer a uma das vagas deste mestrado profissional da UNB. Ao amigo Raucelio Coelho Cardoch Valdes, da DICOR/DPF, que me dava esperan¸canos momentos dif´ıceis,pelo apoio fundamental nas aulas e tra- balhos de estat´ısticadeste meu mestrado. Ao meu querido amigo Erik Pereira de Siqueira, Policial Federal, que me inspirou com sua monografia de p´os-gradua¸c˜aona UNB em 2014 - ”O pro- jeto Tent´aculos da Pol´ıciaFederal - Da concep¸c˜ao`aproposta de modelo aplic´avel na Seguran¸caP´ublicaBrasileira”. Erik, obrigado pelas sugest˜oes que vocˆefez para esse trabalho e por se mostrar um amigo fiel. Aos colegas Policiais Federais Rodrigo de Meira Navarro e Gustavo Pires de S´a,pelas conversas enriquecedoras, amizade, ajuda em diversos aspectos e colabora¸c˜aona elabora¸c˜aodo material deste meu trabalho por meio dos relat´oriosde investiga¸c˜aoque elaboraram na SRCC/DPF utilizando projeto Tent´aculos da Pol´ıcia Federal do Brasil. Ao meu professor do CINTEPOL e colega Policial Federal, Tarc´ısioJos´eda Silva J´uniorpela sua ajuda fundamental na elabora¸c˜aoda especifica¸c˜aode importa¸c˜aodos grafos do Kraken no Analyst´s Notebook da IBM. Ao Delegado de Pol´ıciaFederal Marco Aur´eliode Macedo Coelho, pelo seu apoio e sugest˜oesfeitas para esse trabalho. Ao amigo e colega Policial Federal AntˆonioCarlos Balbino Azevedo, pelo apoio na realiza¸c˜aodeste trabalho e pelas conversas animadoras durante os meses que trabalhamos juntos. v Aos amigos e colegas desta minha turma do mestrado, pela camaradagem e apoio nos momentos dif´ıceisque passamos juntos. Aos colegas e amigos do servi¸copsicossocial da PF, representados pela pessoa da psic´ologaWˆeniaO. Santos, meu muito obrigado por sempre me apoiarem nos momentos dif´ıceis. A` minha filha B´arbara Moreira do Patroc´ınio,revisora deste meu trabalho, de quem eu muito me orgulho e admiro pela sua leveza, bondade, carinho e comprometimento. A` minha filha Bianca Moreira do Patroc´ınio, pelo seu amor, carinho e alegria incondicionais e contagiantes que elevam meu esp´ıritoem momentos dif´ıceis. A` todos os meus professores do mestrado profissional em engenharia el´etrica (2014/2015) da UNB, pelos seus ensinamentos, e em especial aos professores Fl´avioElias Gomes de Deus e Dibio Leandro Borges, pela camaradagem nos meus momentos dif´ıceis. A` Pol´ıciaFederal, representada na pessoa do Delegado de Pol´ıciaFederal Braulio Cezar da Silva Galloni – Coordenador Geral da Pol´ıciaFazend´aria da PF e a DITEC - Diretoria T´ecnico-Cient´ıfica da Pol´ıcia Federal. A` todos, os meus sinceros agradecimentos. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o apoio da Pol´ıciaFederal do Brasil – PF e do Instituto de Criminal´ısticado Distrito Federal, com recursos do Programa Nacional de Seguran¸caP´ublicacom Cidadania – PRONASCI, do Minist´erioda Justi¸ca. Alex´ Moreira do Patroc´ınio vi RESUMO TECNICAS´ BASEADAS EM GRAFOS PARA PRIORIZAC¸ AO˜ DE IN- VESTIGAC¸ OES˜ POLICIAIS DE FRAUDES BANCARIAS´ ELETRONICAS.ˆ Autor: Alex´ Moreira do Patroc´ınio Orientador: Zenilton Kleber Gon¸calves do Patroc´ınioJ´unior Programa de P´os-gradua¸c˜aoem Engenharia El´etrica Bras´ılia, Dezembro de 2016 Ao longo dos ´ultimosanos, a Pol´ıciaFederal do Brasil (PF) vem concentrando esfor¸cos para elucidar crimes de fraudes banc´ariaspraticados contra a empresa p´ublicae insti- tui¸c˜aofinanceira da Caixa EconˆomicaFederal (CAIXA). A elucida¸c˜aodesses crimes ´e uma atribui¸c˜aoda PF, prevista na Constitui¸c˜aoFederal do Brasil em seu artigo 144 § 1o. A abordagem proposta neste trabalho, denominada Kraken, ´eaprimorar o modelo de investiga¸c˜aoexistente utilizando-se de grafos e da an´alisede v´ınculospara auxiliar `ast´ecnicasde investiga¸c˜aoda PF. O Kraken trata, em espec´ıfico, de investiga¸c˜oes contra fraudes eletrˆonicasrelativas a transferˆenciade valores entre contas banc´arias. Para aplicar a abordagem do Kraken, foi necess´ariaa cria¸c˜aode um ferramental que processe toda a informa¸c˜aocontida na Base Nacional de Fraudes Banc´ariasEletrˆonicas (BNFBE) e a transforme em grafos conexos, que representem os atores e seus rela- cionamentos (v´ınculos)na a¸c˜aodelitiva desse tipo de fraude. Para a realiza¸c˜aodesse trabalho tivemos acesso a um conjunto dos dados da BNFBE. O objetivo desse fer- ramental ´eservir como uma Interface Gr´afica (IG) para que o investigador Policial Federal possa verificar os resultados do processamento da abordagem do Kraken em um formato de tabela, onde cada registro represente um grafo referente a um conjunto de atores e v´ınculos envolvidos na a¸c˜aodelitiva. E´ na IG do Kraken que o Policial Federal consegue reordenar a tabela que cont´emas investiga¸c˜oes/grafosem ordem de- crescente de m´etricasobjetivas, como: quantidade de v´ıtimas, pessoas beneficiadas e valor total das fraudes existentes em cada grafo gerado pelo Kraken. A principal hip´otese´eque com o reordenamento dos grafos, baseado nessas m´etricasobjetivas, possa-se priorizar as investiga¸c˜oescriminais a serem analisadas pela PF. A IG permite selecionar um grafo espec´ıficoda tabela para ser exportado e visualizado no Analyst´s Notebook da IBM. Com a abordagem do Kraken e sua IG, espera-se diminuir a ne- cessidade de interferˆenciahumana (investigador policial) nos relat´oriosde an´alisedos crimes e, consequentemente, acelerar as investiga¸c˜oesda PF. vii ABSTRACT TECHNIQUES BASED ON GRAPH FOR PRIORITISATION INVESTI- GATIONS FRAUD COPS BANKING ELECTRONIC. Author: Alex´ Moreira do Patroc´ınio Supervisor: Zenilton Kleber Gon¸calves do Patroc´ınioJ´unior Programa de P´os-gradua¸c˜aoem Engenharia El´etrica Bras´ılia, Dezembro of 2016 Over the last few years the Federal Police of Brazil (PF) has concentrated efforts to elucidate crimes of bank fraud committed against Caixa EconˆomicaFederal (CAIXA) a public company and financial institution. The elucidation of these crimes is an attribution of the PF, provided for in the Federal Constitution of Brazil in its article 144 1o. The approach presented in this work, denominated Kraken, proposes to improve § the existing research model, using graphs and link analysis, to assist in the investigation techniques of the PF. Kraken deals in particular with investigations into electronic fraud involving transfer of securities between bank accounts. In order to apply Kraken’s approach it was necessary to create a tool to process all the information contained in the National Electronic Banking Fraud Database (BNFBE) and to transform it into related graphs that represent the actors and their relationships (links) in the criminal act of this type of fraud. For this work we had access to a set of BNFBE data. The objective of this tool is to serve as a Graphic Interface (IG) so that the Federal Police investigator can verify the results of the processing of the Kraken approach in a table format, where each record represents a graph referring to a set of actors and movements involved in the crime scene. In Kraken’s IG the Federal Police officer can rearrange the table containing the investigations / graphs in descending order of objective metrics such as: number of victims, persons who have profited from crime and total value of frauds in each graph generated by Kraken. The main hypothesis is that with the rearrangement of the graphs, based on these objective metrics, it is possible to prioritize the criminal investigations to be analyzed by the PF. The IG allows to select a specific graph of the table to be exported and viewed on IBM’s Analyst’s Notebook. With the approach of Kraken and its IG, it is hoped that the need for human interference (police investigator) will be reduced in the crime analysis reports and, consequently, further accelerate investigations in the PF. viii SUMARIO´ 1 INTRODUC¸ AO˜ 1 1.1 OBJETIVO . .2 1.2 RESULTADOS ESPERADOS . .3 1.3 JUSTIFICATIVA . .4 1.4 HIPOTESES´ . .6 1.4.1 DIMINUIC¸ AO˜ DO TEMPO DA INVESTIGAC¸ AOˆ CRIMINAL6 1.4.2 PRIORIRAC¸ AO˜ DAS INVESTIGAC¸ OES˜ CRIMINAIS . .6 1.4.3 EXPLICITAR OS PRINCIPAIS ATORES NOS GRAFOS . .6 1.4.4 AJUDAR NA PADRONIZAC¸ AO˜ DOS RELATORIOS´ DE ANALISE´ DE CRIMES .
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