that deer will pass by!

Deer keep eating all of my plants! What can I do?

One of the most difficult landscape problems to address is damage from wildlife. The white- tailed deer herd in , and the southeastern US, has grown dramatically since the early 1990’s and is continuing to expand. Deer damage is especially difficult because they can consume most of the ‘desirable’ plants in a single night. Repellents are not very effective and require frequent application. Exclusion requires the installation of expensive and unsightly fencing.

Plant selection is usually the best option for preventing white-tailed deer damage.

There are no plants that deer will not eat if they get hungry enough! But, there are lots of options that they will avoid most of the time. This program helps you pick out great plants that deer won’t damage. Just look for the Deer Proof logo on plants at your local garden center. The list of plants that can carry the Deer Proof label was based on University recommendations from across the country and experience from nursery and landscape professionals! It’s as easy as 1-2-3! Just go to the plants with the logo!!!

Support Local Growers! Benefits One of the best things about the Deer Proof  Beautiful landscapes Program is that it helps you support  Less damage from deer your community by identifying plants that  Confidence in choosing are locally grown! Only growers in Mississip- plants for problem areas  Easy to pick out the pi can receive the Deer Proof Plant tags for plants that will work for labeling their product. you while you’re at the garden center If you see one of these tags, you know the  Save money on repellants plant was Mississippi grown!!! and fencing Deer Proof Plant Lists Table of Contents (Click on Sections) Annuals & Herbaceous Perennials & Vines, Groundcovers & Ferns Grasses, Sedges & Rushes

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them.

Developed in partnership between the

Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service

by the Mississippi State Trial Gardens

with financialsupport from the

Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

BOTANICAL NAME Common Names Acalypha radians Cardinal's feather, Cardinal feather Achillea spp. Yarrow Aconitum spp. Monkshood Actaea simplex Autumn Snakeroot, Black Cohosh, Bugbane Adenophora bulleyana Lady Bells Aegopodium podagaria Bishop's Weed Agapanthus spp. African Lily, Lily-of-the-Nile Agastache spp. Hummingbird Mint, Hyssop spp. Century plant Ageratum houstonianum Ageratum Ajuga reptans Bugleweed Alcea rosea Hollyhock Alchemilla spp. Ladys' Mantle Allium spp. Ornamental Onion Alocasia spp. Elephant Ears Amorpha fruticosa Indigo bush, False indigo bush, False indigo, Desert false indigo Amorpha roemeriana Roemer's false indigo Amsonia spp. Blue Milkweed Anchusa spp. Bugloss Andromeda polifolia Bog Anemone spp. Windflower Anemonella thalictroides Rue Anemone Anethumus graveolens Angelica spp. Angelica Anthemis spp. Golden Marguerite Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon Aphanostephus riddellii Lazy Daisy, Riddell's dozedaisy Aquilegia spp. Columbine Arabis alpinia Rock-Cress Argemone albiflora Bluestem pricklypoppy, White pricklypoppy Arisaema spp. Jack in the Pulpit, Green dragon, Dragonroot Armeria maritima Sea Thrift Armeria pseudarmeria Pinkball Thrift Armoracia rusticana Groovestem Indian plaintain, Indian plantain, Prairie plantain, Prairie Arnoglossum plantagineum Indian plantain Artemesia spp. Wormwood, Silver Mound, Arum italicum Lords and Ladies Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Aruncus spp. Goatsbeard Asarum spp. Wild , European Ginger Asclepias spp. Butterfly Weed, Milkweed Aster spp. Aster Astilbe spp. Astilbe Aubrieta deltoidea Purple Rock-Cress Aurinia saxatilis Basket of Gold Bacopa monnieri Coastal Water-hyssop, Herb-of-grace, Water hyssop Baptisia spp. False indigo, Wild Indigo Begonia spp. Begonia Belamcanda chinensis Blackberry Lily Bergenia spp. Heartleaf Bergenia, Pigsqueek Berlandiera betonicifolia greeneyes, Broochflower Chocolate daisy, Chocolate , Lyreleaf greeneyes, Green-Eyed Berlandiera lyrata lyre Bletilla striata Chinese Ground Orchid, Hyacinth Orchid Boltonia spp. Boltonia officinalis Borage Bouchea linifolia Flaxleaf bouchea, Groovestem bouchea Bouchetia erecta Erect Bouchetia, Painted-tongue, Paintedtongue, Painted Tongue Bracteantha bracteata Strawflower Brickellia cylindracea Brickell-Bush, Brickellbush, Gravelbar brickellbush Brimeura amethystina Spanish Hyacinth Brugmansia spp. Angel's Trumpet Brunnera macrophylla Variegated Siberian Bugloss, False Forget-Me-Not Calamintha spp. Calamint Calendula spp. Calendula, Pot Marigold Callirhoe spp. Winecup, Poppy Mallow Calliuna spp. Heather Calylophus berlandieri Berlandier's sundrops, Square-bud primrose, Sundrops Camassia leichtlinii Camassia Campanula spp. Bellflower Canna spp. Canna Lily Chile pequin, Chile petin, Bird pepper, Turkey pepper , Cayenne annuum pepper Catananche caerulea Cupid's Dart Catharanthus roseus Periwinkles, Annual Vinca Celosia spp. Cock's Comb, Celosia Centaurea cyanus Bachelor's Buttons

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Cerastium spp. Snow-in-Summer Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Plumbago Chaerophyllum tainturieri False Nightshade, Gray five eyes, Ground Saracha, Prostrate Ground- Chamaesaracha coniodes cherry Chelone spp. Turtlehead Chionodoxa spp. Glory-of-the-snow Chrysactinia mexicana Damianita Chrysanthemum frutescens Marguerite Chrysanthemum Oxeye Daisy leucanthemum Chrysanthemum parthenium Feverfew Cimicifuga spp. Snakeroot, Bugbane Cleome spp. Spider Flower Colchicum spp. Autumn Crocus Colocasia esculenta Elephant Ear Consolida ambigua Larkspur Convallaria majalis Lily of the Valley Cooperia pedunculata Prairie lily, Rain lily, Hill Country rain lily Coreopsis spp. Coreopsis, Tickseed Corydalis spp. Corydalis Cosmos spp. Cosmos Crinum spp. Crinum Lily Crocosmia spp. Crocosmia Crocus spp. Crocus Croton spp. Croton canadensis Honewort Cryptotaenia japonica Japanese Cyclamen spp. Cyclamen Dahlia spp. Dahlia Dalea spp. Dalea, Prairie Clover Datura spp. Devil's Trumpet, Angel Trumpet Delphinium spp. Larkspurs, Delphinium bundleflower, Bundleflower, Prairie bundle flower, Desmanthus illinoensis Prickleweed, Illinois Desmanthus, Prairie mimosa Dianthus spp. Carnation, Pinks, Sweet William Dicentra spp. Bleeding Heart Dictamnus albus Gas Plant Digitalis spp. Foxglove

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Dracunculus vulgaris Dragon Flower, Dragon Arum, Voodoo Lily Dyschoriste linearis Snake herb, Polkadots, Narrowleaf dyschoriste Echinacea spp. Coneflower Echinops spp. Globe Thistle Endymion spp. Bluebell Epimedium spp. Fairy Wings, Bishop's Mitre, Barrenwort Epipactis gigantea Chatterbox Orchid, Giant Hellebore, Stream orchid Eranthis spp. Winter Aconite Erica spp. Heath Erigeron spp. Fleabane Eryngium leavenworthii Leavenworth's eryngo, Eryngo Eryngium variifolium Moroccan Sea Holly Erysimum spp. Wallflower Erythronium spp. Trout Lily Eschscholzia californica California Poppy Eupatorium spp. Joe Pye Weed, Mist Flower, Snakeroot, Boneset Euphorbia spp. Euphorbia, Spurge, Snow-on-the-Mountain Eustoma exaltatum Bluebell, Prairie gentian Farfuguim japonicum Ligularia, Leopard Plant, Tractor Seat Plant Filipendula spp. Meadowsweet Fritilaria imperialis Crown Imperial, Fritilia Fritillaria meleagris Checkered Lily, Guinea-Hen Flower, Snake's Head Fritillary Gaillardia spp. Blanketflower, Firewheel, Indian Blanket Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop Sweet Woodruff Gaura lindheimeri Butterfly gaura Geranium spp. Cranesbill, Hardy Geranium Geum spp. Geum, Avens Gladiolus spp. Gladiolus Purple prairie verbena, Prairie verbena, Dakota vervain, Dakota Glandularia bipinnatifida mock vervain, Moradilla Glechoma hederacea Creeping Charlie Gloriosa superba Glory Lily Gypsophila spp. Baby's Breath Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Helianthus spp. Sunflower Helichrysum spp. Strawflower Heliopsis helianthoides False Sunflower, Ox-eye, Sunflower Heliopsis Heliotropium arborescens Heliotrope Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Helleborus spp. Lenten or Christmas Rose, Hellebore Hepatica acutiloba Sharp-lobed Hepatica Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Heterotheca canescens Gray golden-aster, Hoary false goldenaster Heuchera spp. Coral Bells, Alumroot Heucherella spp. Heucherella, Foamy Bells Hibiscus lasiocarpos Rose-mallow, Rosemallow, Woolly mallow, Wooly Rose-mallow Hibiscus moscheutos Mallow Hibiscus Hippeastrum spp. Amaryllis Hyacinthus spp. Hyacinth Hydrocotyle spp. Pennywort, Money-plant Hydrolea ovata Blue Water Leaf, Hairy Hydrolea, Ovate false fiddleleaf Hymenocallis liriosme Spring spiderlily, Spider Lily, Spring Spider Lily Hyssop Iberis spp. Candytuft Iris spp. Iris Jatropha dioica Leatherstem, Leather Stem, Rubber Plant Justicia americana American water-willow, Water-willow Justicia spicigera Mexican Honeysuckle Kirengeshoma palmata Yellow Wax-Bells Knautia macedonica Knautia Kniphofia spp. Red Hot Poker, Torch Lily, Tritoma saltmarsh mallow, Virginia fen-rose, Seashore mallow, Salt Kosteletzkya virginica Marsh-mallow Lamiastrum galeobdolon Deadnettle, Yellow archangel Lamium spp. Dead Nettle Lantana spp Lantana Lathyrus odoratus Sweet Laurentia spp. Starflower, Isotoma Lavandula spp. Lavendar Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy Liatris spp. Blazing Star, Gayfeather Ligularia spp. Bigleaf Goldenray, Rocket Ligularia, Ragwort Limonium latifolium Statice Linaria spp. Toadflax, Butter & Eggs Linum spp. Flax Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower Lobularia spp. Sweet Alyssum, Lobularia Lunaria annua Silver Dollar, Money Plant Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Lupinus spp. Lupine, Bluebonnet Lychnis spp. Catchfly, Campion Lycoris squamigera Surprise Lily, Magic Lily, Resurrection Lily, Naked Lily Lysimachia spp. Creeping Jenny, Loosestrife Lythrum alatum Winged lythrum Machaeranthera tanacetifolia Tanseyleaf tansyaster, Tahoka Daisy, Tansy Aster Macleaya cordata Plume Poppy Malvaviscus arboreus Turk's cap Marrubium vulgare Horehound Marsilea spp. Water clover Matricaria spp. False Chamomile Matthiola spp. Stock Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot Daisy, Rock daisy, Plains blackfoot Melissa officinalis spp. Mint Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Mimosa roemeriana Roemer's mimosa, Sensitive Briar Mirabilis jalapa Four O'Clock Monarda spp. Beebalm Muscari spp. Grape Hyacinth Myosotis spp. Forget-Me-Not Narcissus spp. Daffodil, Paperwhite, Jonquil Nelumbo lutea American lotus, Yellow water lotus, Yellow lotus Nepeta spp. Catmint, Catnip Nicotiana spp. Flowering Tobacco Nuphar lutea Yellow pond-lily, Cow lily, Spatter dock, Yellow cow lily Nyctaginia capitata Devil's bouquet, Scarlet muskflower Ocimum basilicum Oenothera spp. Evening Primrose Origanum spp. , Oxalis spp. Wood Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny Spurge Pachysandra terminalis Japanese Pachysandra Paeonia spp. Peony Papaver spp. Poppy Pardancanda norrisii Candylily Paronychia virginica Whitlow-wort, Broom Nailwort, Yellow Nailwort, Park's Nailwort Patrinia scabiosifolia Patrinia Pelargonium spp. Geranium Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Penstemon spp. Penstemon, Beardtongue Perilla/ Petroselinum crispum Parsley Petunia spp. Petunia Phacelia congesta Blue curls, Caterpillars, Fiddleneck Philodendron bipinnatifidum Split Leaf Philodendron Phlomis spp. Jerusalem Sage Phyla spp. Frog Physostegia spp. Obedient Plant American pokeweed, Pokeweed, Pokeberry, Red Ink Plant, Phytolacca americana Pigeonberry Pimpinella anisum Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon Flower Plectranthus spp. Swedish Ivy Pluchea odorata Marsh Fleabane, Sweetscent Plumbago auriculata Blue Plumbago Podophyllum peltatum May Apple Polanisia dodecandra Clammy-Weed, Clammyweed, Sandyseed clammyweed Polemonium spp. Jacob's Ladder Poliomintha longifolia Mexican Oregano Polygala alba White milkwort Variegated Solomon's Seal, Fragrant Solomon's Seal, Striped Polygonatum odoratum Solomon's Seal Polygonum spp. Knotweed Polytaenia texana Texas prairie parsley, Texas-Parsley Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed, Pickerel rush Potamogeton nodosus Knotty Pondweed, Longleaf pondweed Primula spp. Primrose Prunella vulgaris Common selfheal Pulmonaria spp. Lungwort Ranunculus spp. Buttercup Ratibida columnifera Mexican hat Rheum rhabarbarum Rhubarb Rivina humilis Pigeonberry Rodgersia spp. Rodgers Flower Rudbeckia spp. Black-Eyed Susan Ruellia spp. Wild Petunia, Mexican Petunia Rumex sanguineus Bloody Dock, Red-veined Dock, Bloodwort Ruta spp. Rue

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Sagittaria spp. Arrowhead Salvia spp. Sage Samolus ebracteatus Brookweed Santolina spp. Lavender Cotton Saponaria spp. Soapwort montana Winter Savory Saururus cernuus Lizard's tail, Lizard's-tail, Breast weed, Water dragon Scabiosa spp. Pincushin Flower Scilla siberica Siberian Squill Scutellaria ovata Heartleaf skullcap, Heart-leaf Skullcap Scutellaria spp. Skullcap Sedum spp. Sedum Sempervivum spp. Hens and Chickens Senecio cineraria Dusty Miller Lindheimer's senna, Velvet leaf senna, Velvetleaf senna, Velvet-leaf Senna lindheimeriana wild sensitive-plant, Puppy-dog ears Senna roemeriana Twoleaf senna, Two leaved senna Silene spp. Catchfly, Campion Silphium spp. Rosinweed, Compass Plant Simsia calva Awnless bush sunflower, Bush sunflower Silverleaf nightshade, Silver-leaf nightshade, White horse nettle, Solanum elaeagnifolium Trompillo, Tomato weed Solanum pseudocapsicum Jerusalem Cherry Solanum rostratum Buffalobur nightshade, Buffalo bur Solidago spp. Goldenrod Stachys spp. Lamb's Ear, Betony Stemodia lanata Woolly Stemodia, Gray-woolly twintip Stokesia laevis Stokes' Aster Symplocarpos foetidus Skunk Cabbage Tagetes spp. Marigold Tanacetum spp. Painted Daisy, Feverfew, Tansy Tetragonotheca texana Squarebud daisy, Nerve-ray, Square-bud daisy Tetraneuris scaposa Four-nerve daisy, Hymenoxys, Stemmy four-nerve daisy, Bitterweed Teucrium spp. Germander dealbata Powdery alligator-flag, Powdery thalia, Water canna Thalictrum spp. Meadow Rue Dutchman's breeches, Ruda del monte, Rue of the mountains, Texas Thamnosma texana desert-rue Thelesperma spp. Greenthread, Navajo Tea

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials

Thymus spp. Thyme Tiarella cordifolia Foamflower Tradescantia spp. Spiderwort Tricyrtis hirta Toad Lily Trillium spp. Trillium Triodanis perfoliata Clasping Venus' looking-glass Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium Tulbaghia spp. Society Typha latifolia Broadleaf cattail, Common cat-tail, Broad-leaf cat-tail Verbascum spp. Mullein Verbena spp. Verbena Verbesina encelioides Cowpen Daisy, Golden crownbeard, Butter daisy Frostweed, White crownbeard, Iceplant, Iceweed, Virginia Verbesina virginica crownbeard, Indian tobacco, Richweed, Squawweed Vernonia spp. Ironweed Veronica spp. Speedwell Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's Root Sunflower goldeneye, Plateau goldeneye, Toothleaf goldeneye, Viguiera dentata Goldeneye, Chimalacate Viguiera stenoloba Resinbush, Skeleton-leaf Goldeneye Viola spp. Violets Zexmenia, Orange zexmenia, Wedelia, Hairy wedelia, Texas Wedelia texana creeping-oxeye Wedelia trilobata Wedelia Xanthocephalum Gummy broomweed, Gummy snakeweed, San Pedro matchweed gymnospermoides Xanthosoma spp. Elephant ear, taro Zantedeschia spp. Calla Lily Nuttall's deathcamas, Death Camas, Poison onion, Nuttall's death Zigadenus nuttallii camas Zinnia spp. Zinnia

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Trees & Shrubs

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAMES Abelia spp. Abelia Abies spp. Fir incanum Pelotazo, Indian mallow, Shrubby Indian mallow spp. Acacia, Catclaw Acer spp. Maple Aesculus spp. Buckeye Shrubby boneset, White mistflower, White Ageratina havanensis mistflower, Havana snakeroot, Mistflower Albizia julibrissin Mimosa Chisos Mountain false Indianmallow, Chisos Mtn. False Allowissadula holosericea Indian-mallow, Velvet-leaf Mallow Aloysia spp. Beebrush Amelanchier spp. Serviceberry Anisacanthus quadrifidus Flame acanthus, Mexican flame Aralia spinosa Devil's Walking Stick Arctostaphyllos spp. Bearberry, Manzanita Aronia abutifolia Chokeberry Asimina triloba Pawpaw Aucuba japonica Goldust Plant Baccharis spp. False Willow, Jara dulce, Poverty Weed, Roosevelt Weed Anacacho orchid , Anacacho bauhinia, Orchid tree, Bauhinia lunarioides Texas plume Berberis spp. Barberry Betula spp. Birch Buddleia spp. Butterfly Bush Buxus spp. Boxwood Callicarpa spp. Beautyberry Calycanthus floridus Common Sweetshrub Calycanthus occidentalis California Sweetshrub Caryopteris clandonensis Blue Mist Shrub Redroot, Prairie redroot, Jersey tea, Inland Ceanothus, Ceanothus herbaceus Fuzzy Ceanothus Cedrus deodara Deodar Cedar Sugar hackberry, Hackberry, Sugarberry, Texas laevigata sugarberry, Palo blanco Cephalanthus occidentalis Common buttonbush, Buttonbush, Button willow Cephalotaxus harringtonia Japanese Plum Yew Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura Tree Cercis canadensis Redbud Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Trees & Shrubs

Chaenomeles spp. Quince Chamaecyparis spp. Falsecypress Chamaerops humilis European Fan Palm Desert willow, Flowering willow, Willow-leaved catalpa, Chilopsis linearis Trumpet flower Chionanthus retusus Chinese Fringe Tree Clerodendrum fargesii Harlequin Glorybower Clethra spp. Sweet Pepperbush Cornus spp. Dogwood Corylus spp. Hazelnut Coryphantha sulcata Nipple Cactus, Pineapple cactus Cotinus coggygria Smokebush American smoke tree, Smoke tree, Texas smoke tree, Cotinus obovatus Chittamwood Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneaster Crataegus spp. Hawthorne Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cedar Cane cactus, Cholla, Teddy-bear cholla, Tree cholla, Cylindropuntia imbricata Walkingstick cholla Christmas cactus, Christmas cholla, Desert Christmas Cylindropuntia leptocaulis cactus, Pencil cactus, Tasajillo Cytisus spp. Broom Daphne spp. Daphne Dasylirion spp. Sotol () secundiflorum Texas Mountain Laurel Deutzia spp. Deutzia Texas persimmon, Mexican persimmon, Black Diospyros texana persimmon, Chapote, Chapote prieto Echinocactus texensis Horse crippler, Devil's head, Chisos Hedgehog Echinocereus reichenbachii Lace Cactus, Lace hedgehog cactus Ehretia anacua Anacua, Sandpaper tree Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Elaeagnus pungens Elaeagnus or Silverberry* Elaeagnus umbellatus Autumn Olive Enkianthus campanulatus Redvein Enkianthus Euonymus japonicus Euonymus Euphorbia antisyphilitica Candelilla, Wax plant Eysenhardtia texana Texas kidneywood, Kidneywood, Bee-Brush, Vara dulce Fagus sylvatica European Beech Feijoa sellowiana Pineapple Guava Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Trees & Shrubs

Forsythia spp. Forsythia Fothergila spp. Fothergillia Fraxinus spp. Ash Galphimia angustifolia Narrow-leaf Goldshower, Thryallis Galphimia glauca Thryallis Gardenia spp. Gardenia Garrya ovata Silk Tassel, Garrya Gaultheria procumbens Wintergreen Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Gordonia lasianthus Gordonia Halesia carolina Carolina Silverbell Hamamelis spp. Witch Hazel Hamelia patens Firebush Hesperaloe parviflora Red Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Hypericum spp. St. John's Wort, Goldcup Ilex spp. Holly Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Jasminum mesnyi Primrose Jasmine Jasminum nudiflorum Winter Jasmine Juniperus spp. Juniper, Red Cedar, Cedar latifolia Mt. Laurel Kerria japonica Japanese Rose Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenraintree Kolkwitzia amabilis Beautybush Lagerstroemia spp. Crape Myrtle Larrea tridentata Creosote bush Leucophyllum spp. Ceniza/Texas Sage axillaris Coast Leucothoe Leucothoe fontanesiana Drooping Leucothoe Leycesteria formosa Pheasant , Himalayan Honeysuckle Ligustrum spp. Privet Lindera benzoin Spicebush Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum Liriodendron tulipifera Tuliptree, Tulip Poplar andersonii Anderson wolfberry, Water jacket Lycium berlandieri Berlandier's wolfberry, Wolfberry Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Trees & Shrubs

Magnolia figo Banana Shrub Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia Magnolia x soulangiana Saucer Magnolia, Japanese Magnolia Mahonia spp. Grape Holly Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood Microbiota decussata Russian Cypress Mimosa borealis Fragrant mimosa, Pink Mimosa Morella cerifera Wax myrtle, Southern bayberry, Candleberry Morella pensylvanica Bayberry Nandina domestica Nandina Nerium oleander Oleander Nolina spp. Beargrass, Ribbon grass Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum spp Prickly Pear Cactus Osmanthus spp. Osmanthus Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Parkinsonia aculeata Retama, Paloverde, Jerusalem thorn Pavonia hastata Evergreen Pavonia Pavonia lasiopetala Rock Rose Perovskia atriplicifolia Russian Sage Philadelphus coronarius Sweet Mock Orange Picea spp. Spruce Pieris floribunda Mountain Pieris Pieris japonica Japanese Andromeda Pinus spp. Pine Pistacia spp. Pistachio Platanus spp. Sycamore Podocarpus macrophyllus Japanese Yew Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood Potentilla spp. Potentilla, Cinquefoil Prosopis glandulosa Honey mesquite Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Prunus minutiflora Texas almond, Texas wild almond, Dwarf Plum Prunus serrulata Japanese Flowering Cherry Peachbush, Sand Plum, Peach bush, Texas plum, Texas Prunus texana peach bush Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir Ptelea trifoliata Wafer ash, Common hoptree, Hop tree Punica granatum Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Trees & Shrubs

Pyracantha spp. Firethorn, Pyracantha Quercus spp. Oak Rhamnus spp. Buckthorn Rhapidophyllum hystrix Needle Palm Rhus spp. Ribes spp. Currant Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Rubus calycinoides Creeping Raspberry Mexican palm, Palma Di Micharos, Rio Grande palmetto, Sabal mexicana Texas palm, Texas palmetto Sabal minor Dwarf palmetto, Palmetto, Bush palmetto Sambucus spp. Elder, Elderberry Sapindus saponaria Western soapberry, Soapberry Sarcococca Sweet Box, Sarcococca Sassafras albidum Common Sassafras Skimmia japonica Japanese Skimmia Spiraea spp. Spirea affine Eve's necklace, Eve's necklacepod, Texas sophora Symphoricarpos spp. Coralberry, Indian currant, Snowberry Syringa spp. Lilac Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress Tecoma stans Yellow bells, Esperanza, Yellow elder Tecomaria capensis Cape Honeysuckle Ungnadia speciosa Mexican buckeye Viburnum spp. Viburnum Vitex spp. Chase Tree Weigela Weigela Yucca spp. Yucca

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Vines, Groundcovers & Ferns

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME Adiantum spp. Maidenhair fern Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern Athyrium goeringianum Japanese Painted Fern Athyrium niponicum Japanese Painted Fern Bignonia capreolata Crossvine Campsis radicans Trumpet creeper Celastrus scandens American Bittersweet Clematis spp. Clematis Cocculus carolinus Carolina snailseed Cyrtomium falcatum Holly Fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hayscented Fern Dryopteris erythrosora Japanese Shield Fern, Autumn Fern Dryopteris marginalis Wood Fern Equisetum hyemale Horsetail Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina jessamine, Yellow jessamine Ibervillea lindheimeri Balsam gourd, Globe berry, Snake apple Ipomoea cordatotriloba Tievine, Sharp-pod Morning Glory, Purple Bindweed, Tie Vine Liriope spp. Lilyturf Lonicera spp. Honeysuckle Matelea reticulata Green milkweed vine, Netted milkvine, Pearl milkweed Vine Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern Maurandella antirrhiniflora Snapdragon Vine Merremia dissecta Alamo Vine, Noyau vine, Correhuela de las Doce Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern Ophiopogon japonicus Dwarf Mondograss Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Parthenocissus heptaphylla Sevenleaf creeper, Seven-leaf Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Passiflora spp. Passion flower Pellaea ovata Cliffbrake Fern Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's Tongue Fern Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern, Dagger Fern Rubus spp. Brambles, Dewberry, Blackberry Schizophragma hydrangeoides Japanese Climbing Hydrangea Thelypteris decursive-pinnata Japanese Beech Fern Thelypteris kunthii Wood fern, River fern, Southern shield fern Thelypteris noveboracensis New York Fern Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Vines, Groundcovers & Ferns

Trachelospermum jasminoides Confederate Jasmine Vinca major Periwinkle Vinca minor Dwarf Periwinkle Wisteria spp. Wisteria

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Grasses, Sedges & Rushes

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAMES Acorus spp. Japanese Sweet Flag Andropogon spp. Big Bluestem Aristida spp. Threeawn Arrhenatherum elatius Varigated Oat Grass Arundo donax Giant Reed Bambusa spp. Bamboo Bothriochloa laguroides Silver Beard Grass, Silver beardgrass, Silver Bluestem Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats grama Bouteloua dactyloides Buffalograss, Buffalo grass Bouteloua rigidiseta Texas grama Calamagrostis spp. Feather Reed Grass Carex spp. Sedge Chasmanthium latifolium Inland sea oats, River oats, Upland Sea Oats Cladium mariscus Saw Sedge, Sawtooth Sedge Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass citratus Lemongrass Cyperus spp. Sedge Eleocharis rostellata Beaked spikerush, Leap Frog Spike Rush Eragrostis spp. Lovegrass Eriochloa sericea Texas cupgrass Erioneuron pilosum Hairy Woollygrass, Hairy Tridens Fargesia spp. Clump Bamboo Festuca glauca Blue Fescue Hakonechloa macra Hakone Grass Helictotrichon sempervirens Blue Oat Grass Hilaria belangeri Curly-mesquite Hystrix patula Bottlebrush Grass Imperata cylindrica Japanese Blood Grass Juncus spp. Rush Koeleria glauca Large Blue June Grass Leymus arenarius Lyme Grass Miscanthus spp. Silver Grass, Maiden Grass Molinia caerulea Purple Moor Grass Muhlenbergia spp. Muhly Grass Nassella tenuissima Mexican Feathergrass, Mexican Wiregrass Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Pennisetum spp. Fountaingrass Phalaris arundinaceae Ribbon Grass Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA Deer Proof Plant List: Grasses, Sedges & Rushes

Phyllostachys aurea Golden Bamboo Poa arachnifera Texas bluegrass, Texas blue grass Rhynchospora colorata Starrush whitetop, Star sedge, Whitetop sedge, Star rush Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Schoenoplectus californicus California bulrush, California club-rush, Giant Bulrush Scirpus lacustris Sedge Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass, Yellow indian grass Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gamagrass, Fakahatchee grass Vallisneria americana American eelgrass, Water , Eelgrass, Tapegrass

Any plant on this list can be labeled with a Deer Proof Program tag or label. Remember that deer will eat any plant if they are hungry enough. This is just a list of plants they avoid eating. Just because a plant is on this list does not mean it will grow in your environment. Make sure the plants you select are also adapted to the site where you want to use them. Developed in partnership between the Mississippi Nursery & Landscape Association and the Mississippi State University Extension Service with support from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce and the USDA