DOCSLIB.ORG

A Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment (Aia) for the Proposed N2 National Route (N2-13) Between Grahamstown and the Fish

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment (Aia) for the Proposed N2 National Route (N2-13) Between Grahamstown and the Fish A PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (AIA) FOR THE PROPOSED N2 NATIONAL ROUTE (N2-13) BETWEEN GRAHAMSTOWN AND THE FISH RIVER BRIDGE AS WELL AS SIX BORROW PITS AND THREE QUARRIES, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE. Prepared for: Coastal and Environmental Services (CES) P.O. Box 934 Grahamstown 6140 Tel: 046 622 2364/7 Fax: 046 622 6564 Contact person: Ms Lara Crous Email: [email protected] Compiled by: Ms Celeste Booth Department of Archaeology Albany Museum Somerset Street Grahamstown 6139 Tel: 046 622 2312 Fax: 046 622 2398 Email: [email protected] Date: September 2013 1 CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5. 1.1. Purpose of the Study 5. 1.2. Brief Summary of Findings 5. 1.3. Summary of Recommendations 6. 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 8. 2.1. Developer 9. 2.2. Consultant 9. 2.3. Terms of reference 9. 3. HERITAGE LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS 10. 4. BRIEF ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 11. 4.1. The Early Stone Age (ESA) (1.5 million-250 000 years ago) 12. 4.2. Middle Stone Age (MSA) (250 000 – 30 000 years ago) 13. 4.3. The Later Stone Age (LSA) (30 000 – recent) and Pastoralism within the last 2000 years 14. 4.3.1. The Later Stone Age 14. 4.3.2. Pastoralism 16. 4.4. Human Remains 17. 4.5. Rock Art (Paintings and Engravings) 17. 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY 18. 5.1. Location data 18. 5.2. Map 18. 6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 21. 6.1. Methodology 21. 6.2. Results of Survey 21. 6.2.1. BORROW PIT 6 (BP6), BORROW PIT 7 (BP7), AND BORROW PIT 5 (BP5) 21. 6.2.1.1. BORROW PIT 6 (BP 6) 22. 6.2.1.2. BORROW PIT 7 (BP 7) 29. 6.2.1.3. BORROW PIT 5 (BP 5) 36. 6.2.3. QUARRY 7, BORROW PIT 10, AND QUARRY 6 38. 6.2.3.1. QUARRY 7 (Q7) 38. 6.2.3.2. BORROW PIT 10 41. 6.2.3.3. QUARRY 6 (Q6) 43. 6.2.4. BORROW PIT 18 (BP18), BORROW PIT 15 (BP15), AND QUARRY 1 (Q1) 45. 6.2.4.1. BORROW PIT 18 (BP18) 45. 6.2.4.2. BORROW PIT 15 (BP15) 47. 6.2.4.3. QUARRY 1 (Q1) 49. 6.2.5. N2 NATIONAL ROUTE 52. 6.2.5.1. N2 - BUILT ENVIRONMENT 54. i. N2 BE2 54. ii. N2 BE5 56. iii. N2 BE14 57. iv. N2 BE18 58. v. N2 BE20 60. 6.2.5.2. N2 – DRY PACKED STONE WALLING 62. i. N2 SW1 62. ii. N2 SW2 AND N2 SW3 64. 6.2.5.3. N2 – INFORMAL BURIAL GROUNDS 66. i. N2 G1 66. 7. DESCRIPTION OF SITES 67. 7.1. Stone Artefact Scatters 67. 7.1.1. Borrow Pit 6 (BP6) 67. 7.1.2. Borrow Pit 7 (BP7) 67. 7.2. Historical Artefact Scatter 67. 7.2.1. Borrow Pit 7 (BP7) 67. 7.3. Built Environment 68. 2 7.3.1. N2 BE2 68. 7.3.2. N2 BE5 68. 7.3.3. N2 BE14 68. 7.3.4. N2 BE18 68. 7.3.5. N2 BE20 69. 7.4. Dry Packed Stonewalling Structures 69. 7.4.1. N2 SW1 69. 7.4.2. N2 SW2 69. 7.4.3. N2 SW3 69. 7.5. Informal Burial Areas 70. 7.5.1. Quarry 6 (Q6) 70. 7.5.2. N2 G1 70. 8.1. GPS CO-ORDINATES AND SITES FOR THE PROPOSED UPGRADE OF THE N2 NATIONAL ROUTE, THE N2 ALTERNATIVE ROUTE, AS WELL AS THE ASSCIATED BORROW PITS AND QUARRIES, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE. 71. 9. CULTURAL LANDSCAPE 75. 10. CONCLUSION 82. 11. RECOMMENDATIONS 83. 12. REFERENCES 86. 13. GENERAL REMARKS AND CONDITIONS 90. LIST OF APPENDICES: APPENDIX A: HERITAGE LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS 91. APPENDIX B: GRADING SYSTEM 94. APPENDIX B: IDENTIFICATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES AND MATERIAL FROM COASTAL AREAS: guidelines and procedures for developers 95. LIST OF TABLES TABLE 8.1. GPS CO-ORDINATES AND SITES FOR THE PROPOSED UPGRADE OF THE N2 NATIONAL ROUTE, THE N2 ALTERNATIVE ROUTE, AS WELL AS THE ASSOCIATED BORROW PITS AND QUARRIES, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE. 71. LIST OF FIGURES Maps: Figure 1. 1:250 000 topographic map 3326 GRAHAMSTOWN showing the location of the N2-13 National route upgrade (black), the N2 alternative (orange), and the associated borrow pits (dark green dots) and quarries (light green dots). 19. Figure 2. Aerial view of the location of the proposed area N2 National Route (N2-13) road upgrade (white line) and associated borrow pits and quarries. Nearby archaeological sites stored in the Albany Museum Database have been plotted (3326BC 5, 3326BC 11, 3326BC 18). 20. Figure 3. Aerial view showing the locations of Borrow Pit 6 (BP6), Borrow Pit 7 (BP7), and Borrow Pit 5 (BP5) situated along the R67 road. 21. Figure 4. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Borrow Pit 6 (BP6) showing the plotted general GPS points, built environment, and isolated scatters of stone artefacts. 22. Figure 18. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Borrow Pit 7 (BP7) showing the plotted general GPS points, built environment, an isolated scatter of one stone artefact, and historical artefacts. 29. Figure 32. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Borrow Pit 5 (BP5) showing the plotted general GPS points. 36. Figure 35. Aerial view showing the locations of Quarry 7 (Q7) along the N2 National Route and, Borrow Pit 10 (BP10) 3 and Quarry 6 (Q6) situated in the Coombs. 38. Figure 36. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Quarry 7 (Q7) showing the plotted general GPS points. 38. Figure 40. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Borrow Pit 10 (BP10) showing the plotted general GPS points and existing diggings (red circle). 41. Figure 44. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Quarry 6 (Q6) showing the plotted general GPS points and the demarcated area housing the informal burial area (black block). 43. Figure 45. Aerial view showing the locations of Borrow Pit 18 (BP18), Borrow Pit 15 (BP15), and Quarry 1 (Q1). 45. Figure 46. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Borrow Pit 18 (BP18) showing the plotted general GPS points. 46. Figure 49. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Borrow Pit 15 (BP15) showing the plotted general GPS points. 47. Figure 52. Close-up aerial view of the area proposed for Quarry 1 (Q1) showing the plotted general GPS points. 49. Figure 65. Close-up aerial view of the location of the ruin of the structure situated on the Farm The Orchards 293 (N2 BE2). 54. Figure 68. Close-up aerial view of the location of the structure situated on the Farm Stony Vale 359 (N2 BE5). 56. Figure 70. Close-up aerial view of the location of the structure situated on the Farm Fraser’s Camp (N2 BE14). 57. Figure 72. Close-up aerial view of the location of the Fraser’s Camp Watch Tower fortification situated along the route proposed for the N2 Alternative (N2 BE18). 58. Figure 76. Close-up aerial view of the location of the structure and associated infrastructure on the farm Komsfountain 360 (N2 BE20). 61. Figure 78. Close-up aerial view of the location of the dry packed stone wall situated adjacent to the N2 National Route on the Farm Gilead 361 (N2 SW1). 62. Figure 85. Close-up aerial view of the location of the dry packed stone wall and circular feature on the Farm Komsfountain 360 (N2 SW2-3). Figure 88. Close-up aerial view of the location of the informal burial area on the farm Honeykop (N2 G1). Photographs: Figure 5. View of the existing borrow pit at the area proposed for Borrow Pit 6 (BP6). 23. Figure 6. View of the general landscape and dense thicket vegetation on site (BP6). 23. Figure 7. View of the general landscape and dense thicket vegetation (BP6). 24. Figure 8. Eskom power line and service road on northern boundary of the proposed site (BP6). 24. Figure 9. View of the results of the soil erosion occurring on site (BP6). 26. Figure 10. View of a stone artefact eroding out of the side of a 1.8 m deep donga (red circle, see Figure 14 for an example of the stone artefact) (BP6). 26. Figure 11. An example of a possible slightly smoothed lower grinding stone (BP6). 26. Figures 12 – 13. Examples of Middle Stone Age stone artefacts documented within the vicinity of the proposed Borrow Pit 6 (BP6) site (BP6). 27. Figures 14 – 15. Examples of stone artefacts documented within the vicinity of the proposed Borrow Pit 6 (BP6) site. 27. Figure 16. View of the disused water reservoir situated outside of the area proposed for the borrow pit (BP6). 28. Figure 17. View of the disused water trough situated outside of the area proposed for the borrow pit (BP6). 28. Figure 19. View of the existing borrow pit at the area proposed for Borrow Pit 7 (BP7). 30. Figure 20. View of the general landscape, vegetation cover, and kraal complex in the distance (BP7). 30. Figure 21. View of the general landscape and vegetation cover (BP7). 31. Figure 22. View of the general landscape and exposed areas allowing better archaeological visibility (BP7). 31. Figure 23. Close-up view of the disused trough within the kraal enclosure (BP7). 33. Figure 24. View of the area housing historical material in relation to the kraal complex (BP7). 33. Figure 25. Example of one isolated stone artefact scatter documented within the proposed borrow pit area (BP7).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Predicting Wetland Occurrence in the Arid to Semi— Arid 1 Interior of the Western Cape, South Africa, for Improved 2 Mapping and Management
    Predicting Wetland Occurrence in the Arid to Semi— Arid 1 Interior of the Western Cape, South Africa, for Improved 2 Mapping and Management Donovan Charles Kotze ( [email protected] ) University of KwaZulu-Natal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-1773 Nick Rivers-Moore University of KwaZulu-Natal Michael Grenfell University of the Western Cape Nancy Job South African National Biodiversity Institute Research Article Keywords: drylands, hydrogeomorphic type, logistic regression, probability, vulnerability Posted Date: August 17th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-716396/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 Predicting wetland occurrence in the arid to semi—arid 2 interior of the Western Cape, South Africa, for improved 3 mapping and management 4 5 D. C. Kotze1*, N.A. Rivers-Moore1,2, N. Job3 and M. Grenfell4 6 1Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, 7 Scottsville, 3209, South Africa 8 2Freshwater Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa 9 3Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, 10 Newlands, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa 11 4Institute for Water Studies, Department of Earth Science, University of the Western Cape, 12 Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa 13 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 14 15 Abstract 16 As for drylands globally, there has been limited effort to map and characterize such wetlands in 17 the Western Cape interior of South Africa. Thus, the study assessed how wetland occurrence and 18 type in the arid to semi-arid interior of the Western Cape relate to key biophysical drivers, and, 19 through predictive modelling, to contribute towards improved accuracy of the wetland map layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Sci 2009 Bergh N G.Pdf
    The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Systematics of the Relhaniinae (Asteraceae- Gnaphalieae) in southern Africa: geography and evolution in an endemic Cape plant lineage. Nicola Georgina Bergh Town Thesis presented for theCape Degree of DOCTOR OF ofPHILOSOPHY in the Department of Botany UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN University May 2009 Town Cape of University ii ABSTRACT The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) houses a flora unique for its diversity and high endemicity. A large amount of the diversity is housed in just a few lineages, presumed to have radiated in the region. For many of these lineages there is no robust phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships, and few Cape plants have been examined for the spatial distribution of their population genetic variation. Such studies are especially relevant for the Cape where high rates of species diversification and the ongoing maintenance of species proliferation is hypothesised. Subtribe Relhaniinae of the daisy tribe Gnaphalieae is one such little-studied lineage. The taxonomic circumscription of this subtribe, the biogeography of its early diversification and its relationships to other members of the Gnaphalieae are elucidated by means of a dated phylogenetic hypothesis. Molecular DNA sequence data from both chloroplast and nuclear genomes are used to reconstruct evolutionary history using parsimony and Bayesian tools for phylogeny estimation.
    [Show full text]
  • Explore the Eastern Cape Province
    Cultural Guiding - Explore The Eastern Cape Province Former President Nelson Mandela, who was born and raised in the Transkei, once said: "After having travelled to many distant places, I still find the Eastern Cape to be a region full of rich, unused potential." 2 – WildlifeCampus Cultural Guiding Course – Eastern Cape Module # 1 - Province Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Province Overview Module # 2 - Cultural Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Cultural Overview Module # 3 - Historical Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Historical Overview Module # 4 - Wildlife and Nature Conservation Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Wildlife and Nature Conservation Overview Module # 5 - Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole Component # 1 - Explore the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole Module # 6 - Sarah Baartman District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 1) Component # 2 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 2) Component # 3 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 3) Component # 4 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 4) Module # 7 - Chris Hani District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Chris Hani District Module # 8 - Joe Gqabi District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Joe Gqabi District Module # 9 - Alfred Nzo District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Alfred Nzo District Module # 10 - OR Tambo District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the OR Tambo District Eastern Cape Province Overview This course material is the copyrighted intellectual property of WildlifeCampus.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Scan of the Sandile Water Treatment Works Reservoir Construction Site, Keiskammahoek, Eastern Cape Province
    HERITAGE SCAN OF THE SANDILE WATER TREATMENT WORKS RESERVOIR CONSTRUCTION SITE, KEISKAMMAHOEK, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE 1. Background and Terms of Reference AGES Eastern Cape is conducting site monitoring for the construction of the Sandile Water Treatment Works Reservoir at British Ridge near Keiskammahoek approximately 30km west of King Williamstown in the Eastern Cape Province. Amatola Water is upgrading the capacity of the Sandile WTW and associated bulk water supply infrastructure, in preparation of supplying the Ndlambe Bulk Water Supply Scheme. Potentially sensitive heritage resources such as a cluster of stone wall structures were recently encountered on the reservoir construction site on a small ridge and the Heritage Unit of Exigo Sustainability was requested to conduct a heritage scan of the site, in order to assess the site and rate potential damage to the heritage resources. The conservation of heritage resources is provided for in the National Environmental Management Act, (Act 107 of 1998) and endorsed by section 38 of the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA - Act 25 of 1999). The Heritage Scan of the construction site attempted established the location and extent of heritage resources such as archaeological and historical sites and features, graves and places of religious and cultural significance and these resources were then rated according to heritage significance. Ultimately, the Heritage Scan provides recommendations and outlines pertaining to relevant heritage mitigation and management actions in order to limit and
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeographic Patterning of Three Co-Distributed Forest-Dwelling Reptile Species Along the East Coast of South Africa
    Phylogeographic patterning of three co-distributed forest-dwelling reptile species along the east coast of South Africa By Theo Busschau Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Zoology at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Savel R. Daniels Co-supervisor: Mr. Werner Conradie Faculty of Science Department of Botany and Zoology December 2019 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the authorship owner thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2019 Copyright © 2019 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved II Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract This study investigates the phylogeographic structure of three co-distributed forest-living reptile species, the Pondo flat gecko (Afroedura pondolia), the forest thread snake (Leptotyphlops sylvicolus) and the Natal black snake (Macrelaps microlepidotus), by sampling specimens from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. Phylogenetic results, using Bayesian inferences and maximum likelihood, from the combined mitochondrial sequence data (ND4 and cyt b), along with population genetic analyses suggest the presence of broadly congruent biogeographic breaks among the study taxa. Sequence divergence values suggest that A. pondolia and L. sylvicolus represent species complexes comprising several cryptic species while M. microlepidotus exhibits population level differentiation. Divergence-time estimates indicate that cladogenesis within the study taxa occurred during the late Miocene to the Plio/Pleistocene climatic shifts, suggesting that cladogenesis was driven by climatic oscillations and suitable habitat fragmentation.
    [Show full text]
  • A Glimpse Into Bushman Presence in the Anglo-Boer War
    A glimpse into Bushman presence in the Anglo-Boer War Introduction When the first European settlers arrived in southern Africa they found the land already inhabited by indigenous societies. Some of these groups, such as the Khoi pastoralists and Bantu-speaking agriculturists, were relative newcomers as they most probably only entered the sub-region around 2000 years ago (Hall 1987: 17-3 I). By way of contrast, the Bushman hunter-gatherers whom all settler societies encountered when they entered southern Africa had been there for almost 25 000 years. Relationships between these hunter-gatherers and other indigenous groups were not always amicable but in many instances they did manage to live alongside each other relatively peaceably. These situations almost always led to the Bushmen being reduced to the lowest class in these new socio-economic systems of which they eventually became part. The knell for hunter-gatherers, however, was sounded by the settlement of the sub-continent by European colonists. Conflict between European settlers and Bushman hunter-gatherers over land and resources led to the inevitable genocide of these 'first peoples'. In some areas, such as in the Sneeuberge of the Upper Karoo, conflict was especially intense. Here the Hundred Years Bushman War temporarily halted colonial frontier expansion and saw the slaughter of virtually thousands of Bushmen (Ne\\''ton-King 1992). Less bloody, but perhaps as intense, the history of contact between European settlers and the last Bushman hunter-gatherers in KwaZulu-Natal followed a similar path. Livestock raiding by Bushmen on European­ owned fanns began soon after the Great Trek in 1838 and continued for about another 50 years (Wright 1971).
    [Show full text]
  • Case ID-1940
    ECOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT -EMP FOR THE SW KAROO BASIN GAS EXPLORATION APPLICATION PROJECT STUART, C., STUART, T. 1993. Mammals of Southern Africa, 3rd Edition. Struik Cape Town VAN OUDTSHOORN, F. 1999. Guide to grasses of southern Africa. 1st Edition. Briza Pretoria VAN WYK, B. VAN WYK, P. 1997. Field Guide to Trees of southern Afri ca. 1st Edition. Struik. Cape Town Vol ume 7: Aquatic Ecosystems VISSER, N., BOTHA, J.C., HARDY, M. B. 2004. Re-establishing vegetation on bare patches in the Nama Karoo, South Africa, Journal of Arid Environments, 57: 2 Please note reference books, field guides and guidelines not necessarily referenced in the text but used during fieldwork and in the compilation and structure of the report have also been included in th is reference list. GOLDER ASSOCIATES AFRICA (PTY) LTD. hl't I ~7 lh ~ A. Hudson P. Kimberg Senior Terrestrial Ecologist Disivional Leader Ecology AHI PKI AH Reg. No. 2002/007104/07 Directors: FR Sutherland, AM van Niekerk . SAP Brown . L Greyling Golder, Golder Associates and the GA globe design are trademarks of Golder Associates Corporation. g:\projects\12800 -service provision for shell exploration\.4_reportSlfinal repof1S for p ri n~ng'q)\'.'() l ume 2'l128OQ..1(aroo(central }ecot ogyreport revl .docx February 2011 ~Golder Report No. 1280012800-10444-21 31 \Z7:\SSOi..ialCS I ECOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT -EMP FOR THE SW KAROO BASIN GAS EXPLORATION APPLICATION PROJECT APPENDIX A Vegetation Biomes . February 2011 ' .. , Golder Report No. 1280012800-10444-21 ~. A s.«><:iates ECOLOGY TECHNICAL REPORT -EMP FOR THE SW KAROO BASIN GAS EXPLORATION APPLICATION PROJECT Thicket The "Thicket Biome" was only recently recognised in the scientific literature, although it was referred to in Low and Rebelo (1998) as a biome.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Addenda 7A – 7B
    CHAPTER 7: BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS DIGITAL ADDENDA 7A – 7B DIGITAL ADDENDA 7A – 7B Digital Addendum 7A: Species of special concern in the study area Table 7.1: Animal species of special concern in the study area (i.e. animal species that have more than 60% of their distribution in the study area, or that occur in the study area and are Threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria) Group Scientific name Common name Distribution Habitat Endemism IUCN Red List status Riparian bush on the Northern and Western Cape: narrow alluvial fringe of Critically Endangered SA Endemic and largely Mammalia Bunlolagus monticularis Riverine Rabbit only distributed in Central and seasonally dry (global assessment: endemic to study area south Karoo watercourses in the IUCN, 2008) central Karoo. South Africa and Lesotho. SA and Lesotho Least Concern (global Chlorotalpa sclateri Subspecies known only from Escarpment Mountain endemic, subspecies a Mammalia Sclater's Golden Mole assessment: IUCN, 2015 shortridgei Sutherland, but may range Renosterveld. SA endemic and ) eastwards to Beaufort West. endemic to study area. Endemic to the Upper and Data Deficient (global Lower Karoo Bioregions of the Rocky habitat with an assessment: IUCN, Nama-Karoo, including SA endemic, may be a Mammalia Elephantulus pilicaudus Karoo Rock Sengi elevation of ≥ 1,300 m 2013) Least Concern Williston, Karoo National Park, narrow endemic above sea level. (national assessment, Carnarvon, Calvinia, Loxton. 2016) Distribution not well understood. Open habitat that Found mainly in the Nama- and provides some cover in Succulent Karoo biomes but also the form of stands of tall in southern North West and grass or scrub bush.
    [Show full text]
  • SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2017 (2015/16 Review) 2015/16 Review
    Place logo PlacePlace logo logo or logotypeor logotype here, here, otherwiseotherwiseor logotype here, deletedeleteotherwise this. this. delete this. january S M T W T F S 1 2 31 42 53 64 75 86 97 108 119 1210 1311 1412 1513 1614 1715 1816 1917 2018 2119 2220 2321 2422 2523 2624 2725 2826 2927 3028 29 30 31 2008 2014/15 REVIEW SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012-2017 (2015/16 Review) 2015/16 Review Sarah Baartman District Municipality 32 Govan Mbeki Ave, Port Elizabeth, 6000 Phone: 041 508 7111 Fax: 041 508 7276 www.sarahbaartman.co.za INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2012 – 2017 SARAH BAARTMANDISTRICTMUNICIPALITY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………..…………………………………………...…. v OVERVIEW OF THE MUNICIPALITY…………………………………………………………. 1 SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY VISION & MISSION …………………… 4 SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY VALUES .............................................4 CHAPTER 1: PART 1 -THE PLANNING PROCESS ........................................................5 1.1.1 IDP OVERVIEW ……………………………………………………………….……5 1.1.2 THE SBDM INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN REVIEW ………………..5 1.1.3 GUIDING PARAMETERS ………………………………………...........…………5 1.1.4 IDP / BUDGET FRAMEWORK AND PROCESS PLAN 2015/16………….....9 1.1.5 SCHEDULE OF MEETINGS……………………………………………………. 15 CHAPTER 2: SITUATION ANALYSIS.....……………. ..................................................... 16 2.1 DEMOGRAPHICS.....……………. ................................................................ 16 2.1.1 District and Local Population Distribution ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geography Term 2
    1 Grade 5 Geography Term 2 Contents High places and low places on a physical map in South Africa ........................................... 2 Coastal plains, escarpment and plateaus ............................................................................ 2 Activity 1 ....................................................................................................................... 3 The location of the Highveld, Lowveld, Great Karoo, ........................................................... 3 Little Karoo, Kalahari Basin and Namaqualand ................................................................... 3 Activity 2 ....................................................................................................................... 4 Physical Features ................................................................................................................ 5 From the mountains to the coast, mountains and mountain ranges ................................. 5 Activity 3 ....................................................................................................................... 5 Valleys and hills ............................................................................................................... 6 Activity 4 ....................................................................................................................... 6 Rivers and waterfalls ........................................................................................................ 7 Capes and bays ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Climatic and Topographic Changes Since the Miocene Influenced the Diversification and Biogeography of the Tent Tortoise (
    Zhao et al. BMC Evol Biol (2020) 20:153 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01717-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Climatic and topographic changes since the Miocene infuenced the diversifcation and biogeography of the tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius) species complex in Southern Africa Zhongning Zhao1* , Neil Heideman1, Phillip Bester2, Adriaan Jordaan1 and Margaretha D. Hofmeyr3 Abstract Background: Climatic and topographic changes function as key drivers in shaping genetic structure and cladogenic radiation in many organisms. Southern Africa has an exceptionally diverse tortoise fauna, harbouring one-third of the world’s tortoise genera. The distribution of Psammobates tentorius (Kuhl, 1820) covers two of the 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world, the Succulent Karoo and Cape Floristic Region. The highly diverged P. tentorius represents an excellent model species for exploring biogeographic and radiation patterns of reptiles in Southern Africa. Results: We investigated genetic structure and radiation patterns against temporal and spatial dimensions since the Miocene in the Psammobates tentorius species complex, using multiple types of DNA markers and niche modelling analyses. Cladogenesis in P. tentorius started in the late Miocene (11.63–5.33 Ma) when populations dispersed from north to south to form two geographically isolated groups. The northern group diverged into a clade north of the Orange River (OR), followed by the splitting of the group south of the OR into a western and an interior clade. The latter divergence corresponded to the intensifcation of the cold Benguela current, which caused western aridifcation and rainfall seasonality. In the south, tectonic uplift and subsequent exhumation, together with climatic fuctuations seemed responsible for radiations among the four southern clades since the late Miocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Camdeboo-Mountain Zebra National Park Corridor: Opportunities for Conservation and Socio-Economic Development
    Camdeboo-Mountain Zebra National Park Corridor: Opportunities for Conservation and Socio-Economic Development Matthew Norval Abstract—The Wilderness Foundation, in partnership with South The Mountain Zebra National Park Complex is an identi- African National Parks has initiated a two year project in the Karoo; fied Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) priority The Mountain Zebra-Camdeboo Corridor Project. Through either with the prioritization based on the presence of a range voluntary Contractual National Park or Protected Environment of Red Listed Species (especially the larger charismatic agreements, the project aims to work with, rather than displace, threatened mammals), the potential importance as a climate current conservation-compatible land-use practices such as eco- change adaptation corridor, and to a lesser extent for the tourism, livestock grazing and other sustainable resource use. Less delivery of ecosystem goods and services. The area forms a formal conservation options, such as biodiversity agreements, will large part of a corridor known as the Amathole-Sneeuberg also be offered to landowners. These agreements provide benefits Montane Belt, and now also contains the recently identified to landowners in terms of protecting the environment as well as Sneeuberg Centre of Endemism. contributing towards the conservation of threatened wildlife spe- The project aims to capitalise on the opportunities created cies. Protection contributes to safeguarding the recently-identified through the emergence of a significant private conservation Sneeuberg Centre of Endemism, part of the Amathole-Sneeuberg land holding in the area with land use compatible for formal Montane Belt. The project will stimulate conservation-friendly inclusion as contractual national parks. If this opportunity economic development in the region while protecting it from inap- is not pursued immediately there is a danger that the con- propriate development.
    [Show full text]