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81565-1B SP.Pdf Introduction to Architecture Bassim Hamadeh, CEO and Publisher John Remington, Senior Field Acquisitions Editor Gem Rabanera, Project Editor Abbey Hastings, Associate Production Editor Emely Villavicencio, Senior Graphic Designer Trey Soto, Licensing Coordinator Jennifer Redding, Interior Designer Natalie Piccotti, Senior Marketing Manager Kassie Graves, Vice President of Editorial Jamie Giganti, Director of Academic Publishing Copyright © 2019 by Cognella, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information retrieval system without the written permission of Cognella, Inc. For inquiries regarding permissions, translations, foreign rights, audio rights, and any other forms of reproduction, please contact the Cognella Licensing Department at [email protected]. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Cover image copyright © Paulisson Miura (CC BY 2.0) at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lina_Bo_Bardi,_SESC_ Pomp%C3%A9ia._(8736296851).jpg. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-1-5165-0408-4 (pbk) / 978-1-5165-0409-1 (br) Introduction to Architecture Global Disciplinary Knowledge First Edition Edited by Joseph Godlewski Contents 42 Reading 2.2. vii Acknowledgments Excerpts from Risale–I Mi Marriye: An Early Seventeenth Century Ottoman ix Introduction Treatise on Architecture x What Is Architecture? xii What Is Architectural Theory and 53 Chapter 3—Modernism Why Is It Important? 54 Toward an Architecture xiv Aims and Structure of the Book 56 Metabolism xiv References/Further Reading 56 Many Modern Masters 58 References/Further Reading 01 Chapter 1—Foundational Treatises 60 Reading 3.1. Towards an Architec- 02 Vitruvius “Argument” from ture 03 Yingzao Fashi 04 Abbot Suger 63 Reading 3.2. 06 Ibn Khladūn “The Philosophy of Metabolism” from 07 References/Further Reading Metabolism in Architecture 09 Reading 1.1. 73 Chapter 4—The Modern City Ten Books on Architec- Excerpts from and Its Discontents ture De architectura 75 A Compartmentalized World 16 Reading 1.2. 77 The Modernist City The Yingzao Fashi: The Making of 78 Phenomenology Widespread Legitimated Building 79 References/Further Reading Knowledge” from Chinese Architecture 82 Reading 4.1. and Metaphor: Song Culture in the “On Violence” from The Wretched of the Yingzao Fashi Building Manual (Spatial Earth Habitus: Making and Meaning in Asia’s Architecture) 85 Reading 4.2. “Premises and Paradoxes” from The 27 Chapter 2—Early Modern Modernist City: An Anthropological Treatises Critique of Brasília 28 Leon Battista Alberti 30 Ca’fer Efendi 93 Chapter 5—Alternative 31 The Global Spread of Ideas Modernities 33 References/Further Reading 94 The Paris of Asia 94 Lina Bo Bardi 35 Reading 2.1. 96 Critical Regionalism Excerpts from On the Art of Building in 98 References/Further Reading Ten Books 100 Reading 5.1. 156 Reading 8.1. “Shanghai Modern: Reflections on Ur- “Chorale: Man, Society, and Technolo- ban Culture in China in the 1930s” from gy” from Architecture for the Poor: An Alternative Modernities Experiment in Rural Egypt 106 Reading 5.2. 162 Reading 8.2. “Problems of Architecture Theory” from “An Architecture of Change” from Lina Bo Bardi: The Theory of Architec- Expanding Architecture: Design as tural Practice Activism 115 Chapter 6—Formalisms 169 Chapter 9—Race, Gender, and 116 Mathematics of the Ideal Villa Identity 117 Zero 171 Black Bodies/White Cities 118 Autonomy and Contingency 172 Gender and Architecture 120 References/Further Reading 173 Identity, Representation, and Equity 122 Reading 6.1. 176 References/Further Reading “The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa” 178 128 Reading 6.2. Reading 9.1. “Black Bodies/White Cities: Le Corbus- “Zero” from A Place in the Shade: The ANY: Architecture New Landscape and Other Essays ier in Harlem” from New York 16 133 Chapter 7—Postmodernism 186 Reading 9.2. 135 Learning from Pop “Architecture from Without: Body, Logic, 136 Japan-ness in Architecture and Sex” from Assemblage 7 137 The Condition of Postmodernity 138 References/Further Reading 197 Chapter 10—Sustainability 198 The Green Skyscraper 140 Reading 7.1. 200 Cradle to Cradle “Learning from Pop” from Casabella 201 Other Ecological Perspectives 143 Reading 7.2. 204 References/Further Reading “Western Structure versus Japanese 206 Reading 10.1. Space” from Japan-ness in Architecture “A Theory of Ecological Design” from 149 Chapter 8—Activism The Green Skyscraper 150 Architecture for the Poor 211 Reading 10.2. 151 An Architecture of Change “Respect Diversity” from Cradle to 152 The Social Production of Space Cradle 154 References/Further Reading 215 Provisional Conclusions Acknowledgments racing the origins of a book project can be a frustrating task. This book in particular has many beginnings and T has always been a work in progress developed alongside theory-oriented courses I’ve taught at the Academy of Art in San Francisco, the University of California at Berkeley, and Syracuse University. It’s a remarkable experience seeing your lectures in printed form. This volume would not have come to fruition without the help and contribution of several people and institutions. Generous funding from the School of Architecture and Renée Crown Honors Program at Syracuse University made the necessary research and writing for the project possible. I’d like to extend special thanks to Dean Michael Speaks for sup- porting the project from some of its earliest stages. Colleagues at the Syracuse University School of Architecture, Society of Architectural Historians, International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments, and the Global Architectural History Teaching Collaborative (GAHTC) provided invaluable advice and suggestions. Editors at Cognella Academic Publishing were critical in the refinement and organization of the text. A number of colleagues and students helped clarify the ideas or collect images contained within the book. Some of these individuals include Giovanna Veiga, Kyle Miller, Furui Sun, Kyle Simmons, Lori Brown, Brian Lonsway, Derek Shin, Mook Kaewkoon, Jonathan Massey, Ran Mei, Joseph Bedford, Lawrence Chua, Max Kronauer, Kayleen O’Brien, Vasundhra Aggarawal, Michael Gonzales, Houston Parke, Shiori Green, Eliana Abu-Hamdi, Apoorva Rao, Jesse Valgora, Max Kronauer, Katherine Rodela, and Joao Pedro Ellery Lustosa Furtado de Oliveira. The classes this book was developed in wouldn’t have happened without the help of teams of attentive graduate student assistants. In vii particular, some students that have facilitated courses viewing the final anthology, I also realized I’ve had multiple times include Hamza Hasan, Tanya Bhatia, the opportunity to meet with or work with many of and Nusrat Jahan Mim. Additionally, a number of my the thinkers included in this volume. Some of those colleagues have given inspiring guest lectures to my in this book include James Holston, David Adjaye, classes over the years. Topics and issues raised in Peter Eisenman, Charles Correa, Mark Jarzombek, those lectures have influenced the composition of this Diana Agrest, and José Gámez. In many ways, these text. Some of these speakers include Amber Bartosh, individuals are now part of my architectural DNA. Per- Tarek Rakha, Yutaka Sho, Julie Larsen, Sekou Cooke, haps most importantly though, I need to thank the Susan Henderson, John May, Richard Nisa, Antonio countless inquisitive students who have participated Furgiuele, Stefan Al, and Sarosh Anklesaria. Research in my lectures, seminars, and studios. Their questions, interns Luyao Wang, Uzomah Idah, Yuexin Xue, and comments, and energy undergird the entire project. Ana Morris among others worked tirelessly finding, Many sections and examples used in this book are collecting, and curating the appropriate content for the my attempts to provide the most concise answers to book. Barbara Opar was instrumental in leading this deceivingly simple questions posed by students. In task. Scott Krabath, in particular, produced many of this sense, the book is for and by them. Lastly, the the diagrams for the book. His assistance and orga- entire project would not have been possible without nization was essential to completing the book. Upon loving support at home from Bess, Tade, and Ziggy. viii FIGURE 9.1 Hearst Castle. Julia Morgan. San Simeon, California. 1919-1947. CHAPTER NINE Race, Gender, and Identity uthors in this chapter address the demand for architecture to respond to the needs of historically oppressed and disenfran- A chised peoples. They argue that since the time of Vitruvius, the narrative of architecture has primarily been told from a white male Eurocentric perspective. Countless examples of racist and misog- ynist practices can be found in the architectural disciplinary canon. Vitruvius described caryatids as bearing the likenesses of enslaved women and “barbarian” Persians (chapter 1), Adolf Loos described the indigenous peoples of New Guinea as less-evolved and “degen- erate” for bearing tattoos, and the influential Levittown suburban development (Figure 7.5) infamously created restrictive covenants barring non-Caucasians from renting homes. As an expression of the established social order, the built environment tends to reinforce existing race and gender relations.
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