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A Typological Description of Premarital Relationship Dissolution

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A Typological Description of Premarital Relationship Dissolution AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Sally A. Lloyd for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Development and Family Studies presented on September 24, 1982. Title: A Typological Description of Premarital Relationship Dissolution Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: ._17..eRodney M. C The purpose of the present study was to describethe process of premarital relationship dissolution. This description entailed typologizing relationships on the basis of theirtrajectories to involvement and eventual dissolution. One hundred individuals who had been involved in a serious relationshipthat had broken up within the past 12 months were interviewed. This 90-minute face-to-face inter- view consisted of three parts. First, the relationship was graphed out on a "chance of marriage"graph, in order to form a trajectory of of the relationship. Second, the participant completed a series measures that assessed therelationship dimensions of love, mainten- ance, ambivalence,conflict, reward level, comparison level, com- parison level for alternatives, andsatisfaction. Third, the participant described the breakup ofthe relationship in greater detail. Five types of serious relationshipsthat had dissolved were identified through the use of clusteranalysis. Accelerated relationships were characterized byrapid involvement over a short period of time, rapid dissolution,and a low level of turbulence in level in the relationship. Low-level relationships were lowest of involvement; they developed at a slow pace. These relationships dissolved quickly and contained little turbulence. Moderate relationships developed and dissolved at a moderate-to-slow pace and reached an intermediate level of involvement with little turbulence. Prolonged-turbulent relationships were characterized by a high level of turbulence and a high involvement level. These relationships developed at a moderate pace and dissolved quickly. Prolonged-smooth relationships were the longest relationships. These relationships were characterized by a slow, nonturbulent development and a slow dissolution. After the types were identified, they were further differen- tiated on the basis of the relationship dimensions. There were significant differences by type on the dimensions of love, conflict, and comparison level for alternatives. In addition, there were differences as a function of who initiated the breakup on the dimensions of ambivalence and comparison level for alternatives. Finally, there were significant differences by gender on the dimensions of ambivalence, maintenance, rewards, and satisfaction. A Typological Description of Premarital Relationship Dissolution by Sally A. Lloyd A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed September 24, 1982 Commencement June 1983 APPROVED: Redacted for Privacy Assistant ssor of Human/Development and Family Studies in charge of major Redacted for Privacy Head partmeriE Of Human Development and Family Studies Redacted for Privacy Dean of Grad' I School (I Date thesis is presented September 24, 1982 Typed by Christina Pyle for Sally A. Lloyd ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to Dr. Rodney M. Cate for his support and guidance throughout the development and execution of this thesis. He has served not only as a major professor, but also as a mentor and a trusted friend. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. June Henton, Dr. Paula Kanarek, and Dr. Arthur Gravatt, for their assistance in this project. Their input and advice were invaluable throughout. Finally,I would like to thank Norman Lloyd, Mary Charlene Lloyd, and James Koval. These three individuals have been by my side with encouragement and support throughout the past 4 years and, thus, have been instrumental in assisting me in the completion of my degree. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING PREMARITAL RELATIONSHIP DISSOLUTION 1 Introduction 1 Importance of the Study of Premarital Relationship Dissolution 2 The Study of Relationship Dissolution 4 The Ending of Premarital Relationships 5 Studies of Marital Dissolution 8 Implications for the Study of Premarital Relationship Dissolution 10 A Method for Describing the Process of Relationship Dissolution 13 Relevant Dimensions in the Study of Relationship Dissolution 18 Attractions 19 Alternatives 22 Barriers 22 Other relevant dimensions 23 Purpose of the Present Study 25 II. THE METHOD 26 Overview 26 Participants 27 Procedure 29 The Interview 29 Training of Interviewers 35 Measurement of Variables 36 General Properties of the Relationship Trajectories 36 Highest chance of marriage 36 Total length 36 Downturns 36 Slope-up 37 Slope-down 37 Specific Properties of the Relationship Trajectories 37 Mean chance of marriage 37 Length 38 Turning points 38 Slope 38 Relationship Dimensions 38 Love 38 Maintenance 39 Ambivalence 39 Conflict 39 Reward level 39 Comparison level (CL) 40 Relationship satisfaction 40 Comparison level for alternatives(CLalt) 41 Barriers 41 Turning points 42 Pace III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overview of Statistical Analysis 43 Constructing the Relationship Typology 44 Analysis of Couple Data 60 Analysis of Trajectory Properties 61 Mean Chance of Marriage 62 Length 65 Turning Points 69 Slope 72 Differentiating the Types 75 Relationship Dimensions Across Involvement Levels 76 Love 77 Maintenance 86 Ambivalence 91 Conflict 96 Rewards 101 Comparison level 106 Comparison level for alternatives 111 Satisfaction 116 General Aspects of the Relationship 119 Turning points 119 Barriers 125 Summary of Results 127 IV. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 130 Implications for Past Research 130 Limitations 139 Implications for Future Research 142 V. REFERENCES 146 VI. APPENDICES 149 Appendix A: Involvement Scale 149 Appendix B: Informed Consent 151 Appendix C: Record of Relationship Events 149 Appendix D: Turning Point Recording Sheet 153 Appendix E: Relationship Questionnaire 157 Appendix F: Relationship Breakup Questions 163 Appendix G: Demographic Information 171 Appendix H: Interview Protocol 174 Appendix I: ANOVA Tables for Trajectory Properties 181 Appendix J: Tables of Means for Relationship Dimensions 191 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Pace 1 Chance of marriage graph 15 2 Relationship trajectory 32 3 Average graph for accelerated relationship 46 4 Average graph for low-level relationship 49 5 Average graph for moderate relationship 50 6 Average araph for prolonged-turbulent relationship 52 7 Average graph for prolonged-smooth relationship 8 Developmental trends of love, maintenance, ambivalence, and conflict by involvement level. 78 9 Developmental trends of rewards, CLT, CLalt, and satisfaction by involvement level 104 LIST OF TABLES Table Pace 1 Means of Five General Trajectory Properties 47 2 Analyses of Variance on Five General Trajectory Properties 56 3 Means of Mean Chance of Marriage by Type 63 4 Means on Length Properties by Type 66 5 Means on Turning Point Properties by Type 71 6 Means on Slope Properties by Type 74 7 Analysis of Variance by Type on Love Dimension 79 8 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Love Dimension 87 9 Analysis of Variance by Type on Maintenance Dimension 88 10 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Maintenance Dimension 90 11 Analysis of Variance by Type on Ambivalence Dimension 93 12 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Ambivalence Dimension 95 13 Analysis of Variance by Type on Conflict Dimension 97 14 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Conflict Dimension 102 15 Analysis of Variance by Type on Reward Dimension 103 16 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Reward Dimension 107 17 Analysis of Variance by Type on Comparison Level Dimension 108 13 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Comparison Level Dimension 110 19 Analysis of Variance by Type on Comparison Level for Alternatives Dimension 112 20 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Comparison Level for Alternatives Dimension 115 21 Analysis of Variance by Type on Satisfaction Level 117 22 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Satisfaction Level 118 Table Pape 23 Analysis of Variance by Type on Proportion of Turning Points 121 24 Analysis of Variance by Breakup on Proportion of Turning Points 123 A Typological Description of Premarital Relationship Dissolution A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING PREMARITAL RELATIONSHIP DISSOLUTION Introduction Premarital relationships have been viewed as a period of testing compatibility for marriage. Such a conceptualization implies that the development of the premarital relationship has implications for the quality of the marital relationship. Ultimately, the premarital relationship may be viewed as a vital first step in the sequence of events known as the family life cycle. However, if premarital rela- tionships are indeed a time of "testing compatibility," it is likely that some relationships would be incompatible and subsequently dissolve. In order to enhance our understanding of the mate selection process and how couples move to marriage,it is important to study couples who do not marry, as well as couples who do marry. Within the study of premarital development, it has been emphasized that the process of relationship development is notthe same for all couples (Huston, Surra,Fitzgerald & Cate, 1981). This emphasis on the variability that exists from relationshipto relation- ship can be equally applied to the examination of the processof relationship dissolution (Duck, 1981). Knapp (1978) has conceptualized two types of dissolutions: relationships that slowly pass away and relationships that die a sudden death.
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