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Praxishandbuch Webgis Mit Freier Software UMN Mapserver

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Praxishandbuch Webgis Mit Freier Software UMN Mapserver Praxishandbuch WebGIS mit Freier Software Praxishandbuch WebGIS mit Freier Software UMN MapServer PostgreSQL/PostGIS AveiN! Mapbender Ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt von CCGIS und terrestris CCGIS GbR terrestris GbR www.ccgis.de www.terrestris.de Nutzungsbedingungen Dieser Text ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und wird hier unter der GNU Free Documentation License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html) freigegeben, d.h. die Texte dürfen kopiert und weiterverteilt werden. D.h. auch, dass u.a. auf die Free Documentation Licence hingewiesen werden muss. Änderungsvorschläge, Kritik und Reaktionen sind willkommen. Kontakt: [email protected] CCGIS terrestris www.ccgis.de www.terrestris.de [email protected] [email protected] 1 Praxishandbuch WebGIS mit Freier Software Inhaltsverzeichnis VORWORT...................................................................................................... 9 EINLEITUNG................................................................................................. 10 1. Begrifflichkeiten....................................................................................... 10 1.1. Open Source.......................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Freie Software....................................................................................................... 11 1.3. Open Source / Freie Software.............................................................................. 12 2. Übernahme von OS/FS Konzepten duch die Nutzer.............................12 2.1. Nicht überall wo „open“ draufsteht ist auch OS/FS drin.................................. 13 2.2. Proprietäre versus kommerzielle Software........................................................ 13 2.2.1.Proprietärere Software...................................................................................... 13 2.2.2. Kommerzielle Software.................................................................................... 14 GDI ARCHITEKTUREN 1. Der Einsatz von OS/FS in Geodateninfrastrukturen............................. 16 1.1 Problem oder Ziel?................................................................................................. 16 1.1.1. Statischer Ansatz............................................................................................ 16 1.1.2. Dynamischer Ansatz....................................................................................... 16 2. Die GDI Architektur als Leitbild und offene Zieldefinition.................. 17 2.1. Lernen aus der Softwareentwicklung................................................................ 17 2.1.1. Alternative A.................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2. Alternative B.................................................................................................... 18 2.1.3. Alternative C................................................................................................... 18 2.2. Einhaltung von Standards.................................................................................... 18 3. Rollen und Aufgaben der Projektbeteiligten......................................... 19 3.1. Top-Down Methode.............................................................................................. 19 3.2. Problemorientiertes Vorgehen............................................................................ 19 3.3. Entscheider........................................................................................................... 19 3.4. Koordinatoren...................................................................................................... 20 3.5. Techniker.............................................................................................................. 20 CCGIS terrestris www.ccgis.de www.terrestris.de [email protected] [email protected] 2 Praxishandbuch WebGIS mit Freier Software 3.6. Anwender............................................................................................................... 20 3.7. Externe Projektbeteiligte..................................................................................... 21 3.8. Entwickler / Programmierer................................................................................ 21 3.9. Methoden zur Koordinierung der Softwareentwicklung.................................. 21 4. Strukturen der öffentlichen Verwaltungen bieten Vorteile beim Einsatz von OS/FS....................................................................................... 22 4.1. Alle Verwaltungen haben ähnliche Anforderungen.......................................... 22 4.2. Die Verwendung bestimmter Softwarekomponenten bringt einer öffentlichen Verwaltung keinen kommerziellen Vorteil................................................................. 23 4.3. Alle öffentlichen Verwaltungen müssen sich an die gleichen zentralen Vorgaben halten .......................................................................................................... 23 4.5. Eine Inwertsetzung von Geodaten ist Ziel jeder öffentlichen Verwaltung.......24 4.6. Räumliche Unterschiede sind weniger relevant als Unterschiede im Know- How............................................................................................................................... 24 4.7. In den öffentlichen Verwaltungen steht ein enormes Entwicklerpotential zur Verfügung..................................................................................................................... 25 4.8. Geteiltes Wissen ist einfach multiplizierbar, da die öffentlichen Verwaltungen bereits stark vernetzt sind........................................................................................... 25 5. Die Anwendung von OS/FS Konzepten als Lösung für Softwarebedarf in der öffentlichen Verwaltung........................................ 25 5.1. Ausnahmen und Sondersituationen................................................................... 26 5.2. Zusammenfassung .............................................................................................. 26 STANDARDS und SCHNITTSTELLEN - Beispiel OGC WMS.................... 27 1. Standards und Schnittstellen: Einführung in WMS ............................. 27 1.1. Die OGC WMS Spezifikation................................................................................ 27 1.2. Standardisierungsprozesse und das OGC......................................................... 28 1.3. Das OpenGIS Consortium – OGC........................................................................ 29 2. Der Web Map Service (WMS).................................................................. 30 2.1. getCapabilities....................................................................................................... 31 2.2. getMap.................................................................................................................... 31 2.3. getFeatureInfo....................................................................................................... 32 3. WMS Unterstützung durch den UMN MapServer.................................. 32 CCGIS terrestris www.ccgis.de www.terrestris.de [email protected] [email protected] 3 Praxishandbuch WebGIS mit Freier Software 3.1. WMS Schnittstellenspezifikation am Beispiel des UMN MapServer............. 32 3.1.1. Allgemeine Service Elemente.......................................................................... 32 3.1.2. Beispiel des getCapabilities-Aufrufs................................................................ 34 3.1.3. Beispiel eines getMap-Aufrufs......................................................................... 38 3.1.4. Beispiel eines GetFeatureInfo-Aufrufs............................................................. 40 WEBGIS & UMN MAPSERVER 1. WebGIS..................................................................................................... 43 2. Der UMN MapServer ............................................................................... 44 Datengrundlage............................................................................................................ 45 Die MAP-Datei............................................................................................................... 46 Referenzkarte............................................................................................................... 46 Legende........................................................................................................................ 47 Die Maßstabsleiste....................................................................................................... 48 Symbole........................................................................................................................ 48 Themendefinitionen..................................................................................................... 49 Templates..................................................................................................................... 50 DATENHALTUNG mit POSTGRESQL/POSTGIS........................................ 53 1 Einführung................................................................................................. 53 2 Systemvoraussetzungen und Sourcen................................................... 54 3 Geodatenmodell in PostGIS..................................................................... 54 3.1 OGC Simple Features Spezifikation..................................................................... 54
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