Hydrogen for North

SHFCA,7-10-2018 Dundee, C.J.J. Reijerkerk 26-9-2018

Delft University of Technology Challenge the future Powered by:

Dept. Future Energy Systems

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 2 Technical Consultancy and Engineering Services

• High Pressure Gas • Hydrogen Fuelling • Gas purification • Cryogenics

Hydrogen, CO2, Bio-LNG

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 3 Technical Consultancy and Engineering Services LNG Calibration Loop

Source: Eci

Hydrogen Fueling Source: Shell Green Planet Pesse

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 4 Jaco Reijerkerk

• Commercial Director Ekinetix • Program Manager Hydrogen and Fuel Cells TU Delft • Board member H2Platform Netherlands Sources: BMW, GM, Daimler • Member NEN normalisation body H2 and FC

~20y H2 & FC

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 5 Ad van Wijk Principle Author The Green Hydrogen Economy in the Northern Netherlands The Northern Netherlands Innovation Board, Groningen, the Netherlands, April 2017

Executive Summary ISBN 978-90-826989-0-9 Download PDF Executive Summary for free: http://verslag.noordelijkeinnovationboard.nl/en/download-pdf

Full report ISBN 978-90-826989-3-0 Download PDF Full report for free: http://verslag.noordelijkeinnovationboard.nl/uploads/bestanden/dbf7757e- cabc-5dd6-9e97-16165b653dad/3008272975/NIB-Hydrogen-Full_report.pdf

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 6 Green Hydrogen Economy Northern Netherlands 2030

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen The Netherlands…

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 8 Earthquakes…

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 9 Global clean energy investment vs WTI crude spot 2004-15

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Solar and Wind 2016

Location Price Location Price

Morocco 3,0 $ct/kWh Dubai 2,99 $ct/kWh

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 11 Bids for Saudi Arabia’s 300 MW Solar Plant October 2017

$ct/kWh

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 12 Surface needed to produce all the world’s energy 556 EJ = 155.000 TWh

OR

10% SOLAR AUSTRALIA 1.5% WIND PACIFIC OCEAN

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 13 World is moving fast to low renewable energy and hydrogen prices

• Electricity production by solar & wind at good places below 3ct$/kWh • Expected prices 2040 around 1 ct$/kWh • Large oil, gas and electricity companies building renewables • Hydrogen and Ammonia will be the energy carriers for energy transport around the world • Japan and Asia taking the lead in developing a hydrogen economy. • The energy industry, car manufacturers and equipment suppliers ready to realize the hydrogen economy

Europe has a good position to develop a hydrogen economy, but time to act is now

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 14

Offshore Wind Development Germany

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 15 VATTENFALL BUILDS WINDPARK WITHOUT SUBSIDIES MARCH 19, 2018

• Chinook, daughter Vattenfall • 700 MW wind farm • Operational 2022 • Location Hollandse Kust (Zuid) • 22 km from the coast

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 16 Eemshaven; The Energy Harbor

Norned Cable 700 MW Cobra Cable 700 MW (2019) Gemini Offshore Wind Farm 600 MW Onshore Wind Farms > 275 MW Nuon Magnum power plant 1,320 MW RWE Coal fired power plant 1,560 MW Engie Gas fired power plant 2,450 MW

Cable Inland 4,000 MW Expansion to 5,610 MW

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 17 Electricity and Gas Transport Grid

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 18 Gas and Electricity consumption the Netherlands

Large seasonal difference in gas consumption due to heating demand. Therefore a huge need for seasonal storage.

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 19 Offshore Hydrogen Production

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 20 Gas Pipelines at the

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 21 Doggersbank Energy Island

Hydrogen & Power Links

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 22 Cable versus pipeline cost Cable Pipeline (BBL) (BritNed)

Capacity 1 GW 15 GW

Construction € 500 mln € 500 mln Cost Volume (year) 8 TWh 120 TWh

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 23 Energy transport by pipeline much cheaper than by cable

• It is 10-20 times cheaper to transport the same amount of energy via a pipeline than via an electricity cable. • The cost to convert a natural gas pipeline to a hydrogen pipeline is about 5-10% of the cost to build a new pipeline.

Finally the cost for electricity transport via a new cable is 100-200 times more expensive than the cost for hydrogen transport via a converted natural gas pipeline

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 24 Green Hydrogen Economy Northern Netherlands 2030

Hydrogen production Hydrogen consumption 270,000t 270,000t

60,000t 300,000t methanol Delfzijl

160,000t 60,000t 1,000 MW electrolysis 300,000t ammonia Delfzijl

12,000t 100,000 cars

10,000t 1,300 busses

5,000t 50 trains 3,000t other mobility 100,000t 20,000t 1,000 MW biomass-gasification grid balancing + heating

10,000t 100,000t 100 solar-hydrogen areas Pipeline Delfzijl and , Limburg, Germany

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 25 Hydrogen production cost 2-3 Euro/kg

Source: RABOBANK Assumptions electrolysis; Capex 600Euro/kW, 8.000 hours load factor, 2,5 Eurocent per kWh

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 26 Green Hydrogen competitive with Blue Hydrogen • Grey Hydrogen; Hydrogen from fossil fuels without CCS. Production cost by steam methane reforming natural gas between 1-1.5 Euro/kg • Blue Hydrogen; Hydrogen from fossil fuels with CCS. Production cost with Carbon Capturing and Storage between 2.0-3.0 Euro/kg, year 2020-2025 • Green Hydrogen; Hydrogen from renewable energy. Production cost by electrolysis • 2020-2025 between 2.0-3.0 Euro/kg • 2025-2030 between 1.5-2.5 Euro/kg • >2030 around 1 Euro/kg

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 27 Existing Hydrogen Caverns

Clemens Dome Moss Bluff Spindletop Teesside (USA) (USA) (USA) (UK) Geology Salt dome Salt dome Salt dome Bedded salt

Operator ConocoPhillips Praxair Air Liquide Sabic Petrochemicals Year 1983 2007 n/a 1972 Volume (m3) 580,000 566,000 906,000 3*70,000 Mean cavern 1,000 1,200 1,340 365 depth (m) Pressure range 70-137 55-152 68-202 45

H2 capacity 81 123 274 27 (GWh)

Amount of H2 2,400 3,690 8,230 810 (tonnes) Source: Letcher (2016), Storing Energy – with Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 28 Hydrogen storage in Salt Caverns

1 salt cavern can contain 6,000 ton hydrogen Equivalent of 17 million Tesla Power walls

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 29 Salt formations and caverns in Europe

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 30 Gas storage Zuidwending-Veendam

Hydrogen storage in Salt cavernes Zuidwending Hystock-Synergy project; Energystock, Gasunie April 2017

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 31 Hydrogen can be stored in large quantities easy and cheap

• Hydrogen can be stored in large quantities for long time periods, for example in salt caverns. • Today some salt caverns are in use for natural gas storage • Hydrogen or Ammonia in liquid form can be stored in tanks.

Salt caverns and Salt formations are all around Europe, more or less for free

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 32 Green Hydrogen Economy Northern Netherlands 2030

Hydrogen production Hydrogen consumption 270,000t 270,000t

60,000t 300,000t methanol Delfzijl

160,000t 60,000t 1,000 MW electrolysis 300,000t ammonia Delfzijl

12,000t 100,000 cars

10,000t 1,300 busses

5,000t 50 trains 3,000t other mobility 100,000t 20,000t 1,000 MW biomass-gasification grid balancing + heating

10,000t 100,000t 100 solar-hydrogen areas Pipeline Delfzijl and Rotterdam, Limburg, Germany

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 33 Green Hydrogen Economy Northern Netherlands 2030

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 34 The Northern Netherlands uniquely positioned for green hydrogen

• Large scale green electricity production • Large scale green electricity import • Existing gas knowledge infrastructure • Existing chemical clusters; Delfzijl and Emmen • Space in the Eemshaven • Existing gas infrastructure which can be retrofitted easily and cost effectively to transport hydrogen

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 35 Delfzijl chemical site Ammonia,Methanol, Hydrogen-Peroxide production

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 36 AkzoNobel-Gasunie 20 MW electrolyzer

Jan 2018

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 37 Existing hydrogen pipelines

Air products Air Liquide

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 38 Gasunie converts pipeline from natural gas to hydrogen

Operational 2018

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 39 Public hydrogen transport busses, train

2+20 fuel cell busses on green hydrogen from AkzoDelfzijl Hydrogen is ‘Waste’ Product from chlorine production Ministery Infrastructuur en Milieu, Province Groningen, OV-bureau Groningen Drenthe, Qbuzz, AkzoNobel, Groningen Seaports, PitPoint and High V.LO-City and FCH JU.

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 40 City Groningen vehicles on hydrogen

Company Holthausen converts vehicles to fuel cell hydrogen; Garbage trucks and sweepers for the city of Groningen, may 2017

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 41

Holthausen converted Tesla in Hesla

Nov 2017

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 42 Hydrogen fuelling stations Northern Netherlands Green Planet, Pesse-Drenthe Holthausen, Groningen

Holthausen, Green Planet and Gasunie want to realize 9 public hydrogen fueling stations in the Northern Netherlands

-- National goal: 20 public HRS in 2020 --

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 43 Hydrogen compression

Company Resato has developed an innovative hydrogen compressor for hydrogen fuelling stations, june 2017

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 44 Hydrogen fueling station Delfzijl

Febr. 2018

Pitpoint(Total) fuelling station, AkzoNobel supplies green hydrogen, Resato innovative compressor inside

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 45 The Green Village H2 Network

Start of operations Q4 2018

Converted natural gas network, odorisation, central heating, fuel cells,…

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 46 Manifest – Green Hydrogen

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 47 Imagine…cooking on hydrogen

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 48 Imagine…cooking on hydrogen

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 49 Daily Driver

~60.000km

Rotterdam Münster Wolfsburg

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 50 Thank you for your attention

Contact me:

[email protected]

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 51 Thank you for your attention

Contact me:

[email protected]

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 52 Imagine…cooking on hydrogen

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 53 Imagine…cooking on hydrogen

Invisible flame ?

Delft University of Technology Green Hydrogen Economy 54