DOCSLIB.ORG

Brake-Based Shape Displays and Automatic Content Authoring

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brake-Based Shape Displays and Automatic Content Authoring TOWARDS LOW-COST SPATIAL HAPTICS: BRAKE-BASED SHAPE DISPLAYS AND AUTOMATIC CONTENT AUTHORING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Kai Zhang August 2020 © 2020 by Kai Zhang. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/kh451yb0256 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Sean Follmer, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Juan Rivas-Davila I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Gordon Wetzstein Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Stacey F. Bent, Vice Provost for Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Abstract Haptic technology can significantly enhance the richness and realism of user interaction by providing the experience of physical touch. It is broadly used in various application scenarios including game controllers, surgical robots, design and modeling tools, and accessibility for Blind people. Tactile dis- plays are a class of haptic devices that can render tactile effects to the users, for example reproducing the skin deformation of a user when in contact with a real object, allowing the user to feel vibration, pressure, touch, and texture. However, key challenges currently limit the widespread use of tactile displays including cost, spatial resolution, fabrication complexity, shape rendering flexibility, and refresh rate. Beyond these hardware limitations, authoring of rich tactile content is another chal- lenge. Although manual authoring methods have been developed, methods that can automatically translate vast amounts of information into meaningful tactile stimuli are highly desirable. In this thesis, I present my work on addressing the hardware and content authoring challenges of the tactile displays. The first part of my thesis work focuses on the use of electrostatic brakes and clutches to enable low cost tactile displays. I investigated the use of low-cost electrostatic adhesion in the context of high-resolution, refreshable 2.5D tactile shape display. I modeled, fabricated, and characterized the contact force, refresh rate and robustness of the brakes. A user study conducted using an integrated 4×2 tactile shape display based on the brakes showed similar user shape recogni- tion performance using our device and the 3D printed shapes. In addition to the bed-of-nails tactile displays mentioned above, I also explored the formable-crust 2.5D tactile shape displays using aux- etic materials. A simulation model and algorithms were developed to investigate the characteristics of the shape display and render a target shape. An experimental prototype was constructed to verify the simulation results. The auxetic 2.5D tactile shape display has the advantages of low cost, large displacement range, and roll-to-roll fabrication compatibility. In the second part of my thesis, I investigated methods to address the content authoring challenges of tactile displays. A pipeline was built to automatically generate spatial tactile effects by analyzing cross-modality features in a video. We believe the above results help to improve the accessibility of the haptic technology to a broader audience. iv Acknowledgments Different from most of the other types of occupations, Ph.D. students serve as the brave explorers to expand the border of human knowledge to the new territory. Since my first day in Stanford in 2014, I witnessed my progress from a naive bachelor to a more experienced researcher with a deeper understanding of this world of technology. It was impossible for me to accomplish my Ph.D. journey without the help and encouragement of so many mentors and friends. I would like to thank these people with my sincere gratefulness. First of all, I would like to thank my Ph.D. advisor, Prof. Sean Follmer. In many ways, the life of a Ph.D. student highly depends on his/her Ph.D. advisor. Thus, I feel very fortunate to be a member in Sean's group. No matter it was for building roadmap for the Ph.D. thesis, deciding framework of each research project, or solving the detailed technical challenges in an experimental system, Sean always gave me very helpful advice. Exploring a brand new mechanism in the research is like searching for a path across the ocean, Sean's encouragement, patience and optimism always helped me to overcome the frustration along the way. Besides research, Sean also gave me lots of valuable advice on many important things including career development, classes, and personal health during the COVID-19 pandemic. I believe Sean's advice not only helped me to be a more experienced researcher but also a better and stronger person to deal with the challenges in my future life. I appreciate every member of my defense committee for their valuable feedback: Prof. Gordon Wetzstein, Prof. Juan Rivas-Davila, Prof. Allison Okamura, and Prof. Larry Leifer. Their valuable comments helped me to improve this thesis. I would also like to thank all the collaborators in my Ph.D. research. Lawrence Kim gave me lots of helpful suggestions on the auto haptics project. I learned a lot from his insights in analyzing a research problem. His internet influencer dog, Boba, also serves as a lab mascot. Eric Gonzalez and Jianglong Guo helped me significantly improved my project on electrostatic tactile display. Their rigor in clarifying every detail in the research is impressive. Yipeng Guo is a very effective experi- mental collaborator. My generation gap with younger graduate students was definitely narrowly by working with such an energetic collaborator. Jan Friedrich from Berlin provided very valuable help for the auxetic shape display projects. As a bonus, I also enjoyed many photos of the European v local views shared by Jan. I also appreciate other people for their valuable discussions along the way. Yapeng Tian kindly explained lots of details in his previous project so that I can have a jump start on mine. Jackie Yang and Abe Davis provided many inspiring ideas when I was brainstorming my new project on auto haptics. As a researcher familiar with flexible structure fabrication, Amy Han showed me many handy techniques for building the auxetic shape display. I thank all the labmates in the Shape Lab. This is a fantastic research group with awesome members. Many of them have a best paper award or honorable mention in one or more academic conferences. I always learned a lot from their insightful comments in the group meetings, peer paper reviewing activities and academic discussions everyday. The culture of the Shape Lab is also unique and warm. People held all kinds of interesting events including ceramic painting, board games, pumpkin curving, online drawing, and traditional Thursday tea time at two thirty (TTTTTT). I also appreciate the help from Andrea Brand-Sanchez and Renee Chao. As a student working closely with hardware systems, they provided me with tremendous help on correctly purchasing everything as soon as possible. I appreciate the guidance and support by Prof. Jonathan A. Fan. I did most of my master's research in the Fan Lab. Jon not only gave me tons of sharp advice in the plasmonic research project I was working on at that time, but also patiently showed me many methodology about doing good research. I would also thank my undergraduate research advisor Prof. Zhongfan Liu and Prof. Hailin Peng from Peking University. Although I was just a junior student with very few research experience, they gave me a chance to access a real research lab. Without this opportunity, I will not be able to start building my research skills as a college student. I would like to thank all of my friends in Stanford. Tao Jia, Haoli Guo and Yujie Zheng have been my friends since our first year as graduate students. We have shared so many memorable moments along the Ph.D. journey. I thank Hongquan Li, Shi Dong and Kuan Fang for their support and help during the hard time. It's a treasure to have these people around. It's also a great pleasure to meet other friends in Stanford: He Wang, Zheng Cui, Jinye Zhang, Li Tao, Minda Deng, Yu Miao, Shang Zhai, Zhouchangwan Yu, Sophia Qin. I cannot put everyone's name here due to space limitation. However, I would like to express my gratitude to all my friends in Stanford. Without their accompany and support, I will not be able to be as optimistic during my Ph.D. journey. Last but the most important, I would like to thank my parents for everything they have done to support me for the entire six years of my graduate student life. Although we were separated by the Pacific Ocean for most of the time, I always felt their accompany along the way. vi Contents Abstract iv Acknowledgments v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . .1 1.2 Contribution . .2 1.3 Prior Work . .5 1.3.1 2D Tactile Displays .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lecture 2 3D Modeling
    Lecture 2 3D Modeling Dr. Shuang LIANG School of Software Engineering Tongji University Fall 2012 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Fall 2012 Lecturer Dr. Shuang LIANG • Assisstant professor, SSE, Tongji – Education » B.Sc in Computer Science, Zhejiang University, 1999-2003 » PhD in Computer Science, Nanjing Univerisity, 2003-2008 » Visit in Utrecht University, 2007, 2008 – Research Fellowship » The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009 » The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2010-2011 » The City University of Hong Kong, 2012 • Contact – Office: Room 442, JiShi Building, JiaDing Campus, TongJi (Temporary) – Email: [email protected] 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Fall 2012 Outline • What is a 3D model? • Usage of 3D models • Classic models in computer graphics • 3D model representations • Raw data • Solids • Surfaces 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Fall 2012 Outline • What is a 3D model? • Usage of 3D models • Classic models in computer graphics • 3D model representations • Raw data • Solids • Surfaces 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Fall 2012 What is a 3D model? 3D object using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. It is a collection of data (points and other information) 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Fall 2012 What is a 3D modeling? The process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional
    [Show full text]
  • Classic Models in Computer Graphics • 3D Model Representations • Raw Data • Solids • Surfaces
    Lecture 2 3D Modeling Dr. Shuang LIANG School of Software Engineering Tongji University Spring 2013 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Spring 2013 Today’s Topics • What is a 3D model? • Usage of 3D models • Classic models in computer graphics • 3D model representations • Raw data • Solids • Surfaces 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Spring 2013 Today’s Topics • What is a 3D model? • Usage of 3D models • Classic models in computer graphics • 3D model representations • Raw data • Solids • Surfaces 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Spring 2013 What is a 3D model? 3D object using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. It is a collection of data (points and other information) 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Spring 2013 What is a 3D modeling? The process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of object via specialized software. 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Spring 2013 Today’s Topics • What is a 3D model? • Usage of 3D models • Classic models in computer graphics • 3D model representations • Raw data • Solids • Surfaces 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Spring 2013 Usage of a 3D model The medical industry uses detailed models of organs 3D Modeling, Advanced Computer Graphics Shuang LIANG, SSE, Spring 2013 Usage of a 3D model The movie industry uses them as characters
    [Show full text]
  • Caradoc of the North Wind Free
    FREE CARADOC OF THE NORTH WIND PDF Allan Frewin Jones | 368 pages | 05 Apr 2012 | Hachette Children's Group | 9780340999417 | English | London, United Kingdom CARADOC OF THE NORTH WIND PDF As the war. Disaster strikes, and a valued friend suffers Caradoc of the North Wind devastating injury. Branwen sets off on a heroic journey towards destiny in an epic adventure of lovewar and revenge. Join Charlotte and Mia in this brilliant adventure full of princess sparkle and Christmas excitement! Chi ama i libri sceglie Kobo e inMondadori. The description is beautiful, but at times a bit too much, and sometimes at its worst the writing is hard to comprehend completely clearly. I find myself hoping vehemently for another book. It definitely allows the I read this in Caradoc of the North Wind sitting and could not put it down. Fair Wind to Widdershins. This author has published under several versions of his name, including Allan Jones, Frewin Jones, and A. Write a product review. Now he has stolen the feathers Caradoc of the North Wind Doodle, the weather-vane cockerel in charge of the weather. Jun 29, Katie rated it really liked it. Is the other warrior child, Arthur?? More than I thought I would, even. I really cafadoc want to know more, and off author is one that can really take you places. Join us by creating an account and start getting the best experience from our website! Jules Ember was raised hearing legends of wjnd ancient magic of the wicked Alchemist and the good Sorceress. Delivery and Returns see our delivery rates and policies thinking of returning an item? Mar 24, Valentina rated it really liked it.
    [Show full text]
  • Hello, World! Free
    FREE HELLO, WORLD! PDF Disney Book Group | 14 pages | 16 Aug 2011 | Disney Press | 9781423141402 | English | New York, NY, United States "Hello, World!" program - Wikipedia Learn Data Science by completing interactive coding challenges and watching videos by expert instructors. Start Now! Python Hello a very simple language, and has a very straightforward syntax. It encourages programmers to program without boilerplate prepared code. The simplest directive in Python is the "print" directive - it simply prints out a line and also includes a newline, unlike in C. There Hello two major Python versions, Python 2 and Python 3. Python 2 and 3 are quite different. This tutorial uses Python 3, because it more semantically correct and supports newer features. For example, World! difference between Python 2 and 3 is the print statement. In Hello 2, World! "print" statement is not a function, and therefore it is invoked without parentheses. However, in Python World!, it World! a function, and must be invoked with parentheses. Python uses indentation for World!, instead of curly braces. Both tabs and spaces are supported, but the standard indentation requires standard Python code to use four spaces. For example:. This site is generously supported by DataCamp. Join over a million other learners and get started learning Python for data science today! Hello, World! To print a string in Python 3, just write: print "This line will be printed. Hello Tutorial. Read our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Hello, World! - Learn Python - Free Interactive Python Tutorial A "Hello, World! Such a Hello is very simple in most programming World!and World! often used to illustrate the basic syntax of a programming language.
    [Show full text]
  • 02562 Rendering - Introduction DTU Compute
    02562 Rendering - Introduction DTU Compute Worksheet 4 One of the key strengths of computer graphics techniques is that they work in general. Ray tracing is, for example, well known in numerous fields of research. The distinguishing feature of ray tracers in computer graphics is their ability to efficiently handle nearly arbitrary scenes. This set of exercises helps you load and efficiently render large triangle meshes. Learning Objectives • Accelerate rendering techniques using spatial data structures. • Implement ray tracing of a triangle mesh (indexed face set). • Use a BSP tree for efficient space subdivision. • Interpolate normals and texture coordinates across a triangle. Triangle Meshes One way to handle arbitrary surfaces is using triangles. In particular, we often work with an indexed face set. This is a collection of vertices, normals, and texture coordinates, each with an index, and a list of index triples each of which defines a triangle and its vertex normals and texture coordinates (if present). One way to store an indexed face set on disk is using a Wavefront OBJ file.1 This is the file format used by the framework. Most 3D modelling software packages can export to this format, and a couple of the classic computer graphics scenes have been included with the framework (the Stanford bunny, the Utah teapot, and the Cornell box, see the models subfolder). • Load the Cornell box with blocks (CornellBox.obj and CornellBlocks.obj) and display it in pre- view. This is a simple triangle mesh often used for testing rendering algorithms. The framework loads one or more OBJ files if you provide them as command line arguments.2 Take a screenshot of the (base colour) preview.
    [Show full text]
  • Ray Tracing on a Stream Processor
    RAY TRACING ON A STREAM PROCESSOR a dissertation submitted to the department of computer science and the committee on graduate studies of stanford university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Timothy John Purcell March 2004 c Copyright by Timothy John Purcell 2004 All Rights Reserved ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Patrick M. Hanrahan (Principal Adviser) I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. William R. Mark University of Texas, Austin I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mark Horowitz Approved for the University Committee on Graduate Studies. iii Abstract Ray tracing is an image synthesis technique which simulates the interaction of light with surfaces. Most high-quality, photorealistic renderings are generated by global illumination techniques built on top of ray tracing. Real-time ray tracing has been a goal of the graphics community for many years. Unfortunately, ray tracing is a very expensive operation. VLSI technology has just reached the point where the computational capability of a single chip is sufficient for real-time ray tracing. Super- computers and clusters of PCs have only recently been able to demonstrate interactive ray tracing and global illumination applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Real-Time Generation of Kd-Trees for Ray Tracing Using Directx 11
    Master of Science in Engineering: Game and Software Engineering 2017 Real-time generation of kd-trees for ray tracing using DirectX 11 Martin Säll and Fredrik Cronqvist Dept. Computer Science & Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. The thesis is equivalent to 20 weeks of full-time studies. Contact Information: Authors: Martin Säll E-mail: [email protected] Fredrik Cronqvist E-mail: [email protected] University advisor: Prof. Lars Lundberg Dept. Computer Science & Engineering Mail: [email protected] Examiner: Veronica Sundstedt E-mail: [email protected] Dept. Computer Science & Engineering Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 Abstract Context. Ray tracing has always been a simple but effective way to create a photorealistic scene but at a greater cost when expanding the scene. Recent improvements in GPU and CPU hardware have made ray tracing faster, making more complex scenes possible with the same amount of time needed to process the scene. Despite the improvements in hardware ray tracing is still rarely run at an interactive speed. Objectives. The aim of this experiment was to implement a new kd- tree generation algorithm using DirectX 11 compute shaders. Methods. The implementation created during the experiment was tested using two platforms and five scenarios where the generation time for the kd-tree was measured in milliseconds.
    [Show full text]
  • End-To-End Learning of Local Point Cloud Feature Descriptors
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 End-to-end learning of local point cloud feature descriptors David Ambrose Wehr Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Wehr, David Ambrose, "End-to-end learning of local point cloud feature descriptors" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17604. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17604 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. End-to-end learning of local point cloud feature descriptors by David Wehr A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Computer Science Program of Study Committee: Rafael Radkowski, Co-major Professor Yan-Bin Jia, Co-major Professor Forrest Bao The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright c David Wehr, 2019. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LISTOFTABLES.......................................... iv LISTOFFIGURES ........................................ v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................... vii ABSTRACT ............................................ viii CHAPTER1. OVERVIEW&MOTIVATION . 1 1.1 Introduction.....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Photography, Mobile, and Immersive Imaging 2018
    https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2018.05.PMII-555 PROCEEDINGS © 2018, Society for Imaging Science and Technology 28 January 2018 – 1 February 2018 • Burlingame, CA, USA Photography, Mobile, and Immersive Imaging 2018 Editors: Zhen He, Intel Corp. (United States) Feng Li, GoPro Inc. (United States) Jon S. McElvain, Dolby Labs., Inc. (United States) Nitin Sampat, Rochester Institute of Technology (United States) These papers represent the program of Electronic Imaging 2018, held 28 January – 1 February 2018, at the Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport in Burlingame, CA. Copyright 2018 Society for Imaging Science and Technology 7003 Kilworth Lane • Springfield, VA 22151 USA 703/642-9090; 703/642-9094 fax [email protected]; www.imaging.org All rights reserved. These proceedings, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the Society. ISSN 2470-1173 https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2018.05.PMII-555 Manuscripts are reproduced from PDFs as submitted and approved by authors; no editorial changes have been made. IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2018 Photography, Mobile, and Immersive Imaging 2018 555-1 electronicimaging.org Photography, Mobile, and Immersive Imaging 2018 Conference Chairs Photography, Mobile, and Zhen He, Intel Corp. (United States) Immersive Imaging 2018 Feng Li, Intuitive Surgical Inc. (United States) Jon S. McElvain, Dolby Labs., Inc. (United States) Symposium Chairs Nitin Sampat, Rochester Institute of Technology (United States) Joyce Farrell, Stanford University (United States) Andrew Woods, Curtin University (Australia) Conference Committee Ajit Bopardikar, Samsung R&D Institute India Bangalore Pvt. Ltd. Symposium Short Course Chairs (India) Susan Farnand, Rochester Institute of Technology (United States) Peter Catrysse, Stanford Univ.
    [Show full text]
  • Supervised Training of Dense Object Nets Using Optimal Descriptors for Industrial Robotic Applications
    The Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21) Supervised Training of Dense Object Nets using Optimal Descriptors for Industrial Robotic Applications Andras Gabor Kupcsik1, Markus Spies1, Alexander Klein2, Marco Todescato1, Nicolai Waniek1, Philipp Schillinger1, Mathias Burger¨ 1 1Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence, Renningen, Germany 2Technische Universitat¨ Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany [email protected] Abstract DONs can be readily applied to learn arbitrary objects with relative ease, including non-rigid objects. The self- Dense Object Nets (DONs) by Florence, Manuelli and supervised training objective of DONs uses contrastive loss Tedrake (2018) introduced dense object descriptors as a novel visual object representation for the robotics community. It is (Hadsell, Chopra, and LeCun 2006) between pixels of image suitable for many applications including object grasping, pol- pairs depicting the object and its environment. The pixel- icy learning, etc. DONs map an RGB image depicting an ob- wise contrastive loss minimizes descriptor space distance ject into a descriptor space image, which implicitly encodes between corresponding pixels (pixels depicting the same key features of an object invariant to the relative camera pose. point on the object surface in an image pair) and pushes Impressively, the self-supervised training of DONs can be ap- away non-correspondences. In essence, minimizing the con- plied to arbitrary objects and can be evaluated and deployed trastive loss defined on descriptors of pixels leads to a view within hours. However, the training approach relies on accu- invariant map of the object surface in descriptor space. rate depth images and faces challenges with small, reflective objects, typical for industrial settings, when using consumer The contrastive loss formulation belongs to the broader grade depth cameras.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Latency Unleashed the Role of Technology in a Revisionist Global Order and the Implications for Special Operations Forces Edited by Zachary S
    STRATEGIC LATENCY UNLEASHED THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN A REVISIONIST GLOBAL ORDER AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES EDITED BY ZACHARY S. DAVIS, FRANK GAC, CHRISTOPHER RAGER, PHILIP REINER, AND JENNIFER SNOW CENTER FOR GLOBAL SECURITY RESEARCH This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. ISBN-978-1-952565-07-6 LCCN-2021901137 LLNL-BOOK-818513 TID-59693 To download the ebook: See cgsr.llnl.gov STRATEGIC LATENCY UNLEASHED THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN A REVISIONIST GLOBAL ORDER AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES EDITED BY ZACHARY S. DAVIS, FRANK GAC, CHRISTOPHER RAGER, PHILIP REINER, AND JENNIFER SNOW Center for Global Security Research Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory January 2021 STRATEGIC LATENCY UNLEASHED | 1 Table of Contents EDITOR'S NOTE . 1 FOREWORD . 2 DEDICATION . 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 5 INTRODUCTION Latency Unleashed: What It Means for Special Operations Forces Zachary S. Davis, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Research Professor, Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) . 8 SECTION 1 GEOPOLITICS OF STRATEGIC LATENCY FOR SOF: CONTEXT IS EVERYTHING Winning and Losing in Counterproliferation Zachary Davis, LLNL/NPS, and Michael Greene, Naval Special Warfare Command (ret.) . 15 The Role of Special Operations Forces in Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Brendan Melley, Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction, National Defense University (NDU) .
    [Show full text]
  • Point-Based Color Bleeding with Volumes
    POINT-BASED COLOR BLEEDING WITH VOLUMES A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Computer Science by Christopher Gibson June 2011 © 2011 Christopher Gibson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Point-Based Color Bleeding With Volumes AUTHOR: Christopher Gibson DATE SUBMITTED: June 2011 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Zo¨eWood, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Aaron Keen, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Chris Lupo, Ph.D. iii Abstract Point-Based Color Bleeding With Volumes Christopher Gibson The interaction of light in our world is immensely complex, but with mod- ern computers and advanced rendering algorithms, we are beginning to reach the point where photo-realistic renders are truly difficult to separate from real photographs. Achieving realistic or believable global illumination in scenes with participating media is exponentially more expensive compared to our traditional polygonal methods. Light interacts with the particles of a volume, creating com- plex radiance patterns. In this thesis, we introduce an extension to the commonly used point-based color bleeding (PCB) technique, implementing volume scatter contributions. With the addition of this PCB algorithm extension, we are able to render fast, be- lievable in- and out-scattering while building on existing data structures and paradigms. The proposed method achieves results comparable to that of existing Monte Carlo integration methods, obtaining render speeds between 10
    [Show full text]