Publishing Your Philosophy, by Neil Mckinnon
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To Appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise
Page 1 of 19 To appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise Tomoji Shogenji1 Abstract This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome. The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but they are still faced with problems. The new analysis of surprise I propose turns to accuracy (proximity to the truth) and identifies an unexpected degree of inaccuracy as reason for surprise. The shift from probability to proximity allows us to solve puzzles that strain the probabilistic account of surprise. Keywords Qualitative hypothesis ∙ Quantitative hypothesis ∙ Probabilistic hypothesis ∙ Inaccuracy ∙ Scoring rules ∙ Expected inaccuracy 1. Introduction This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome.2 The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but as we shall see, they are still faced with problems. -
Hegel-Jahrbuch 2010 Hegel- Jahrbuch 2010
Hegel-Jahrbuch 2010 Hegel- Jahrbuch 2010 Begründet von Wilhelm Raimund Beyer (f) Herausgegeben von Andreas Arndt Paul Cruysberghs Andrzej Przylebski in Verbindung mit Lu De Vos und Peter Jonkers Geist? Erster Teil Herausgegeben von Andreas Arndt Paul Cruysberghs Andrzej Przylebski in Verbindung mit Lu De Vos und Peter Jonkers Akademie Verlag Redaktionelle Mitarbeit: Veit Friemert Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-05-004638-9 © Akademie Verlag GmbH, Berlin 2010 Das eingesetzte Papier ist alterungsbeständig nach DIN/ISO 9706. Alle Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung in andere Sprachen, vorbehalten. Kein Teil dieses Buches darf ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages in irgendeiner Form - durch Photokopie, Mikroverfilmung oder irgendein anderes Verfahren - reproduziert oder in eine von Maschinen, insbesondere von Datenver- arbeitungsmaschinen, verwendbare Sprache übertragen oder übersetzt werden. Lektorat: Mischka Dammaschke Satz: Veit Friemert, Berlin Einbandgestaltung: nach einem Entwurf von Günter Schorcht, Schildow Druck: MB Medienhaus Berlin Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany VORWORT Das vorliegende Hegel-Jahrbuch umfasst den ersten Teil der auf dem XXVII. Internationalen He- gel-Kongress der Internationalen Hegel-Gesellschaft e.V. 2008 in Leuven zum Thema »Geist?« gehaltenen Referate. Den Dank an alle Förderer und Helfer, die den Kongress ermöglicht und zu dessen Gelingen beigetragen haben, hat Paul Cruysberghs - der zusammen mit Lu de Vos und Peter Jonkers das örtliche Organisationskomitee bildete - in seiner im folgenden abgedruckten Eröff- nungsrede abgestattet; ihm schließt sich der übrige Vorstand mit einem besonderen Dank an Paul Cruysberghs an. -
John Stuart Mill's Sanction Utilitarianism
JOHN STUART MILL’S SANCTION UTILITARIANISM: A PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION A Dissertation by DAVID EUGENE WRIGHT Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Linda Radzik Committee Members, Clare Palmer Scott Austin R.J.Q. Adams Head of Department, Gary Varner May 2014 Major Subject: Philosophy Copyright 2014 David Eugene Wright ABSTRACT This dissertation argues for a particular interpretation of John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism, namely that Mill is best read as a sanction utilitarian. In general, scholars commonly interpret Mill as some type of act or rule utilitarian. In making their case for these interpretations, it is also common for scholars to use large portions of Mill’s Utilitarianism as the chief source of insight into his moral theory. By contrast, I argue that Utilitarianism is best read as an ecumenical text where Mill explains and defends the general tenets of utilitarianism rather than setting out his own preferred theory. The exception to this ecumenical approach to the text comes in the fifth chapter on justice which, I argue on textual and historical grounds, outlines the central features of Mill’s utilitarianism. With this understanding of Utilitarianism in place, many of the passages commonly cited in favor of the previous interpretations are rendered less plausible, and interpretations emphasizing Mill’s other writings are strengthened. Using this methodology, I critique four of the most prominent act or rule utilitarian interpretations of Mill’s moral theory. I then provide an interpretation of Mill’s theory of moral obligation and utilitarianism. -
Forthcoming in the Kant Yearbook, Vol. 11 (2019) Final Draft – Please Cite the Published Version for Correct Pagination
Forthcoming in The Kant Yearbook, Vol. 11 (2019) Final Draft – Please cite the published version for correct pagination Can there be a Finite Interpretation of the Kantian Sublime? Sacha Golob (King’s College London) Abstract Kant’s account of the sublime makes frequent appeals to infinity, appeals which have been extensively criticised by commentators such as Budd and Crowther. This paper examines the costs and benefits of reconstructing the account in finitist terms. On the one hand, drawing on a detailed comparison of the first and third Critiques, I argue that the underlying logic of Kant’s position is essentially finitist. I defend the approach against longstanding objections, as well as addressing recent infinitist work by Moore and Smith. On the other hand, however, I argue that finitism faces distinctive problems of its own: whilst the resultant theory is a coherent and interesting one, it is unclear in what sense it remains an analysis of the sublime. I illustrate the worry by juxtaposing the finitist reading with analytical cubism. §1 – Introduction Kant’s account of the sublime makes frequent reference to infinity. The “intuition” of the sublime “carries with it the idea of...infinity”; apprehension “can progress to infinity” [kann…ins Unendliche gehen]; imagination “strives to progress towards infinity” [ein Bestreben zum Fortschritte ins Unendliche]; reason demands that we “think the infinite as a whole” (KU 5:255, 252, 250, 254).1 It is obvious that the infinite played a central role in Kant’s own presentation of the problem. It is less clear whether such references are 1 References are to the standard Akademie edition of Kant’s gesammelte Schriften (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1900–; abbreviated as Ak.): Anth: Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht (Ak. -
Curriculum Vitae
Dean Franklin Moyar Department of Philosophy Johns Hopkins University 276 Gilman Hall 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21218 [email protected] Professional Experience 2009-present: Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Philosophy, Johns Hopkins University. 2002-2009: Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Johns Hopkins University. Areas AOS: Kant and German Idealism, Political Philosophy, Metaethics. AOC: Philosophy of Law, Philosophy of Action, 19th Century European Philosophy, Early Modern Philosophy, American Philosophy. Education 1994-2002 University of Chicago, Ph.D. June 2002. 1999-2000 Visiting Scholar, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany. 1990-1994 Duke University. B.S. Summa Cum Laude with Honors in Physics. Second major in Philosophy. Monograph Hegel’s Conscience (Oxford University Press, 2011, paperback 2014). Edited Volumes The Oxford Handbook of Hegel, Editor (forthcoming, 2017). The Routledge Companion to Nineteenth Century Philosophy, Editor (Routledge, 2010). Winner, CHOICE award, 2010. Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit: A Critical Guide, Co-Editor with Michael Quante (Cambridge University Press, 2008). Journal Articles and Book Chapters “German Idealism,” Knowledge in Early Modern Philosophy, edited by Stephen Gaukroger, (forthcoming, Bloomsbury, 2017) “Die Wahrheit der mechanistischen und teleologischen Objektivität,” for a collective commentary on the Science of Logic, edited by Michael Quante and Anton Koch (forthcoming from Meiner Verlag, 2017). “Introduction” to The Oxford Handbook -
Post-Continental Philosophy: Its Definition, Contours, and Fundamental Sources
Post-continental Philosophy: Its Definition, Contours, and Fundamental Sources NELSON MALDONADO-TORRES It is no accident that the global geographical framework in use today is essentially a cartographic celebration of European power. After centuries of imperialism, the presumptions of a worldview of a once-dominant metropole has become part of the intellectual furniture of the world…. Metageography matters, and the attempt to engage it critically has only begun. Martin W. Lewis and Kären W. Wigen, The Myth of Continents.1 or several decades now the contours of legitimate philosophy have been drawn by advocates of F so-called analytic and continental philosophies. Analytic philosophy is often referred to as a style of thinking centered on the question of whether something is true, rather than, as continental philosophy, on the multiple factors that constitute meaning.2 Analytic philosophy is also said to be closer to the sciences, while continental philosophy has more affinity with the humanities.3 One of the reasons for this lies in that while analytic philosophy tends to dismiss history from its reflections, continental philosophy typically emphasizes the relevance of time, tradition, lived experience, and/or social context. Fortunately, this situation is slowly but gradually changing today. A variety of intellectuals are defying the rigid boundaries of these fields. Some of the most notable are Afro- American, Afro-Caribbean, and Latina/o scholars using the arsenal of these bodies of thought to analyze and interpret problems related to colonialism, racism, and sexism in the contemporary world.4 These challenges demand a critical analysis of the possibilities and limits of change within the main coordinates of these different styles or forms of philosophizing. -
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX . • Description p.1 • Impact Factor p.1 • Abstracting and Indexing p.2 • Editorial Board p.2 • Guide for Authors p.4 ISSN: 0889-1575 DESCRIPTION . The Journal of Food Composition and Analysis publishes manuscripts on the chemical composition of human foods, analytical methods, food composition data and studies on the statistics, use and distribution of such data. Research areas include: • New methods for the chemical analysis of food • Nutrient, bioactive non-nutrient and anti-nutrient components in food • Flavour and taste components in food. • Food composition database development, management, and utilization • Processes of development and selection of single-value entries for food composition tables The Journal does not consider papers that feature as the major area of study: - Non-specific assays, such as in-vitro antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content - Clinical and pharmacological studies - Natural medicines - Physical properties of foods - Food waste materials - Foods formulated in the laboratory - Microbiological and anti-microbial assays - Sensory quality and organoleptic characteristics of foods IMPACT FACTOR . 2020: 4.556 © Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports 2021 AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 1 Oct 2021 www.elsevier.com/locate/jfca 1 ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING . Scopus AGRICOLA Biological Abstracts CAB International CAB Health Current Contents Dairy Science Abstracts FSTA (Food Science and Technology Abstracts) Nutrition Abstracts ScienceDirect AGORA Foodline: Food Science and Technology Vitis Viticulture and Enology Abstracts EMBiology EDITORIAL BOARD . Editor-in-Chief J. Stephen Elmore, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Assistant Editor Charlène Girardot Consulting and Founding Editor Kent Stewart, The University of Texas System, Austin, Texas, United States of America Editors Francisco J. -
The Impact of Culture on Mindreading
Edinburgh Research Explorer The impact of culture on mindreading Citation for published version: Lavelle, JS 2019, 'The impact of culture on mindreading', Synthese, vol. N/A, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Synthese General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 Synthese https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02466-5 FOLK PSYCHOLOGY: PLURALISTIC APPROACHES The impact of culture on mindreading Jane Suilin Lavelle1 Received: 8 July 2019 / Accepted: 4 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The role of culture in shaping folk psychology and mindreading has been neglected in the philosophical literature. This paper shows that there are significant cultural dif- ferences in how psychological states are understood and used by (1) drawing on Spaulding’s recent distinction between the ‘goals’ and ‘methods’ of mindreading (2018) to argue that the relations between these methods vary across cultures; and (2) arguing that differences in folk psychology cannot be dismissed as irrelevant to the cognitive architecture that facilitates our understanding of psychological states. -
What Is a Philosophical Analysis?
JEFFREY C. KING WHAT IS A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS? (Received 24 January 1996) It is common for philosophers to offer philosophical accounts or analyses, as they are sometimes called, of knowledge, autonomy, representation, (moral) goodness, reference, and even modesty.1 These philosophical analyses raise deep questions. What is it that is being analyzed (i.e. what sorts of things are the objects of analysis)? What sort of thing is the analysis itself (a proposition? sentence?)? Under what conditions is an analysis correct? How can a correct analysis be informative? How, if at all, does the production of philo- sophical analyses differ from what scientists do? The purpose of the present paper is to provide answers to these questions. The traditional answers to the ®rst and last of these questions are that concepts are the objects of philosophical analysis and that philo- sophical analyses differ from the results of scienti®c investigation in being conceptual analyses. Like many philosophers I am suspicious of the notions of concept and conceptual analysis as traditionally understood. Though the critique of these notions is beyond the scope of the present work, the answers I shall give to the questions raised above shall not invoke concepts (understood as things distinct from properties).2 I count it as a virtue of my account that it is able to provide answers to the questions raised above without an appeal to concepts. And to the extent that it has been felt that concepts are needed to answer these questions, the present account weakens the case for positing concepts. Before addressing these questions, however, we shall make the simplifying assumption that analyses are given in a ªcanonical formº. -
Chad Van Schoelandt
CHAD VAN SCHOELANDT Tulane University Department of Philosophy, New Orleans, LA [email protected] Employment 2015-present Assistant Professor, Tulane University, Department of Philosophy 2016-present Affiliated Fellow, George Mason University, F. A. HayeK Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Areas of Specialization Social and Political Philosophy Ethics Agency and Responsibility Philosophy, Politics & Economics Areas of Competence Applied Ethics (esp. Business, Environmental, Bio/Medical) History of Modern Philosophy Moral Psychology Education Ph.D., University of Arizona, Philosophy, 2015 M.A., University of Wisconsin - MilwauKee, Philosophy, 2010 B.A. (High Honors), University of California, Davis, Philosophy (political science minor), 2006 Publications Articles “Moral Accountability and Social Norms” Social Philosophy & Policy, Vol. 35, Issue 1, Spring 2018 “Consensus on What? Convergence for What? Four Models of Political Liberalism” (with Gerald Gaus) Ethics, Vol. 128, Issue 1, 2017: pp. 145-72 “Justification, Coercion, and the Place of Public Reason” Philosophical Studies, 172, 2015: pp. 1031-1050 “MarKets, Community, and Pluralism” The Philosophical Quarterly, Discussion, 64(254), 2014: pp. 144-151 "Political Liberalism, Ethos Justice, and Gender Equality" (with Blain Neufeld) Law and Philosophy 33(1), 2014: pp. 75-104 Chad Van Schoelandt CV Page 2 of 4 Book Chapters “A Public Reason Approach to Religious Exemption” Philosophy and Public Policy, Andrew I. Cohen (ed.), Rowman and Littlefield International, -
Cv Langsam.Pdf
CV Harold Langsam Professor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of Philosophy 120 Cocke Hall University of Virginia P.O. Box 400780 Charlottesville, VA 22904-4780 (434) 924-6920 (Office) (434) 979-2880 (Home) [email protected] Employment: Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (2011-) Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (2001-2011). Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Virginia (1994-2001). Mellon Postdoctoral Teaching and Research Fellow, Department of Philosophy, Cornell University (1994-95). Publications: Book The Wonder of Consciousness: Understanding the Mind through Philosophical Reflection (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2011). Reviews: Ethics and Medicine, Mind, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, Philosophical Quarterly Articles “McDowell’s Infallibilism and the Nature of Knowledge,” Synthese, http://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-020-02682-4. “Why Intentionalism Cannot Explain Phenomenal Character,” Erkenntnis 85 (2020): 375-389. “Nietzsche and Value Creation: Subjectivism, Self-Expression, and Strength,” Inquiry 61 (2018): 100-113. “The Intuitive Case for Naïve Realism,” Philosophical Explorations 20 (2017): 106-122. “A Defense of McDowell’s Response to the Sceptic,” Acta Analytica 29 (2014): 43-59. “A Defense of Restricted Phenomenal Conservatism,” Philosophical Papers 42 (2013): 315-340. "Rationality, Justification, and the Internalism/Externalism Debate," Erkenntnis 68 (2008): 79- 101. "Why I Believe in an External World," Metaphilosophy 37 (2006): 652-672. "Consciousness, Experience, and Justification," Canadian Journal of Philosophy 32 (2002): 1- 28. "Externalism, Self-Knowledge, and Inner Observation," Australasian Journal of Philosophy 80 (2002): 42-61. "Strategy for Dualists," Metaphilosophy 32 (2001): 395-418. "Pain, Personal Identity, and the Deep Further Fact," Erkenntnis 54 (2001): 247-271. "Experiences, Thoughts, and Qualia," Philosophical Studies 99 (2000): 269-295. -
Philosophy Program 1
Philosophy Program 1 PHIL 126 – First Year Seminar 1 credit hour PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM The First-Year Seminar provides students with a multidisciplinary experience in which they approach an issue or problem from the Program Objectives perspective of three different academic differences. The First-Year Seminar will consist of three 1-credit hour courses taken as co-requisites • To enable students to develop thoughtful attitudes toward life and the in a single semester. The successful completion of all three courses world through a confrontation with the thought of great philosophers; satisfies the General Studies LOPER 1 course requirement. Students may • To treat such problems as the nature of our individual and social take the First-Year Seminar in any discipline, irrespective of their major or lives, the nature of the world in which we live, and the nature of our minor. Students admitted as readmit students or transfer students who apprehension of, and response to that world. All philosophy courses transfer 18 or more hours of General Studies credit to UNK are exempt will include a close reading and analysis of primary sources and a from taking a LOPER 1 course. substantive writing component. PHIL 188 – GS Portal 3 credit hours Students analyze critical issues confronting individuals and society Philosophy Major in a global context as they pertain to the discipline in which the Portal One option is available in this major: course is taught. The Portal is intended to help students succeed in their university education by being mentored in process of thinking critically 1. Philosophy (http://catalog.unk.edu/undergraduate/departments- about important ideas and articulating their own conclusions.