OF JAMMU, KASHMIR and LADAKH HIMALAYA (INDIA) *Bhagat R.C

Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jls.htm 2015 Vol. 5 (1) January-March, pp. 275-279/Bhagat Research Article DIVERSITY AND UPDATED SYSTEMATIC CHECKLIST OF CIMICOMORPHA BUGS (HETEROPTERA: HEMIPTERA) OF JAMMU, KASHMIR AND LADAKH HIMALAYA (INDIA) *Bhagat R.C. P.O. Box No. 1250, G.P.O., Residency Road, Srinagar, Kashmir-190001, J & K, India *Author for Correspondence

ABSTRACT This paper pertains to 24 species of 19 genera of true bugs, belonging to Infra-order Cimicomorpha, under suborder Heteroptera, occurring in three different geographical regions of north-west Himalaya, viz. Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. The Cimicomorpha bugs in these regions are represented by four super families, including various families, viz.Cimicoidea (family Anthocoridae, Cimicidae, Nabidae), Miroidea (Miridae), Tingoidea (Tingidae) and Reduvioidea (Reduviidae). Miridae is found to be as dominant family, incorporated a total of 8 species of 6 genera, and followed by family Anthocoridae and Tingidae, including 5 species each. The family Reduviidae is represented by 4 species, whereas Cimicidae and Nabidae, having 1 species each. An updated systematic checklist of Species has been provided. Apart from this, biodiversity of Cimicomorpha-fauna has been discussed.

Keywords: Cimicomorpha Bugs, Checklist, Diversity, Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh

INTRODUCTION The Cimicomorpha is a highly diversified Infra-order of heteropteran insects, containing true bugs. This Infra-order of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan region is represented by four Super families, including various families, viz. Cimicoidea (family Anthocoridae, Cimicidae, Nabidae), Miroidea (Miridae), Reduvioidea (Reduviidae) and Tingoidea (Tingidae). In Cimicomorpha bugs, the rostrum and other morphology is adapted to feeding animals as their prey or host. Anthocorids are small in size, predaceous, feeding on small soft-bodied arthropods and play important role in biological control of insect pests of orchards, agriculture crops, ornamental plants, forest range plantations, green houses and granaries. The members of family Cimicidae are small blood-sucking ectoparasite of man and animals, represented by common bed bug. The Nabid bugs are also small predatory insects, feed on different kinds of small arthropods and their larvae and eggs. The species under the family Miridae, are small varied in colouration, large in number and diverse. Most of the Mirid bugs are plant feeders; however, many are predatory or zoo-phytophagous. Assassin bugs (Reduviidae), are terrestrial ambush predators. However, some Mirids suck blood from other vertebrates, including human and transmit diseases. Tingid bugs are very small in size (2-10mm), body dorsoventrally flattened, and oval or slender. These bugs are economically important pests of wide range of ornamental trees and shrubs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The database incorporated in this paper pertains to 24 species of Cimicomorpha bugs, known to exist in diverse habitats and vast localities of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalyan regions. These regions of J & K State, are situated in the northern part of the Indian sub-continent, in the Karakorum and western Himalyan mountain ranges. The J & K State is divided into three geographically and climatically different Provinces, viz. Ladakh (cold desert), Kashmir (temperate) and Jammu (sub-tropical). In this paper, the Cimicomorpha bug-fauna of these regions has been updated in the light of latest nomenclatural / systematic changes, after consulting relevant published works (national and international) and the world online data on the taxonomic surveys and the systematic catalogues. The valid species, under the Superfamilies-Cimicoidea, Miroidea, Reduviidea and Tingoidea of Infra- order Cimicomorpha, belonging to Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan region, are listed under the

Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jls.htm 2015 Vol. 5 (1) January-March, pp. 275-279/Bhagat Research Article systematic Species checklist. In this checklist, the synonyms of the taxa are listed under the valid species, given in parentheses. The references pertaining to the authors recording / describing taxa from various localities / areas of different regions of this State of zoogeographical significance, are in the form of code numbers, given in the long brackets in front of each listed relevant Cimcomorphan species. In addition to these, abbreviations in connection with distribution of each listed species in various regions of this State, are also given in square brackets, in front of each concerned species. The keys to code numbers and abbreviations are given at the end of the systematic Species checklist. For the purpose of updation of taxonomic and nomenclatural changes of Cimicomorphan taxa, the monumental works provided by Aukema and Rieger (1996), Aukema and Rabitsch (2013), Schuh and Slater (1995) besides, the world online databases of Guibert (2015) and Schuh (2013), have been followed.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Systematic Checklist Insect order: Hemiptera Sub-order: Heteroptera (True Bugs) Infra–order: Cimicomorpha Superfamily 1.Cimicoidea Family 1. Anthocoridae (Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs) Subfamily Anthocorini Tribe 1.Anthocorini 1. Anthocorisflavipes Reuter (=Anthocorisgyalpo Hutchinson) [10, 12, L] 2. Anthocoris sp. [1,2, K] 3. Temnostethus (Ectemnus)? paradoxus Hutchinson (=Ectemnusparadoxus Hutchinson ) [10, 12, L] Tribe 2.Oriini 4. Orius (Heterorius) minutus Linnaeus [1,2, K ] 5. Orius (Orius) lindbergi Wagner [1, 2, K] Family 2. Cimicidae( Humanbed bug ) Subfamily Cimicinae 6. Cimex lectularius Linnaeus [4, J, K] Family 3. Nabidae (Damselbugs) Subfamily Nabinae Tribe Nabini 7. Nabissp. [5, L] Superfamily 2. Miroidea Family Miridae (Plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs, capsid bugs) Subfamily 1. Bryocorinae Tribe 1. Dicyphini Subtribe Dicyphina 8. Dicyphus (Brachyceroea) sengge Hutchinson (=Dicyphus sengge Hutchinson) [10, 12, L] 9 Dicyphus orientalis Reuter [10, 12, L] 10. Dicyphus physochlaenae Hutchinson [10, 12, L] 11. Nesidiocoris sp. [3, K] Subfamily 2.Mirinae Tribe Mirini 12. Chilocrates patulus (Walker) (=Chilocrates lenzii Harvath [16, K] 13. Lygocoris pabulinus ( Linnaaus )

Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jls.htm 2015 Vol. 5 (1) January-March, pp. 275-279/Bhagat Research Article (=Lygus pabulinus Slater) [15, K] Subfamily Phylinae Tribe 3.Phylini 14. Agratocoris margaretae (Hutchinson) (=Tibetocoris margaretae Hutchinson) [10, 11, 12, K] 15. Chlamydatus (Eurymerocoria) pachycerus Kiritschenko (=Chlamydatus pachycerus Kiritschenko) [12, 14,L] Superfamily 4.Reduvoidea Family Reduviidae Subfamily1.Harpactorinae 16. Sycanus pyrrhomelas Walker [9, J] 17. Sycanus sp. [18, J] Subfamily 2.Reduviinae 18. Acanthaspis apicata Distant [6,7, J, K] 19. Reduvius delicatula Distant [17, J] Superfamily 5.Tingoidea Family Tingidae 20. Heissielladryadis Drake & Poor [8, K] Subfamily Tinginae 21.Catoplatus longipes Pericart [14, J, K] 22.Cochlochila (Cochlochila) bullita (Stal) (=Monanthia globulifera Walker ) [13, J, K] 23. Eteoneus sigillatus Drake & Poor [14, J, K] 24. Physatocheila chatterjeei Drake& Poor [14, K] Keys to abbreviations and code numbers, given in square brackets, in above Checklist: J = Jammu; K = Kashmir; L = Ladakh;1= Bhagat & Lone ( 1984 ); 2= Bhagat & Matta (2000); 3= Bhat et al., (2011); 4= Buhroo et al., ( 1997 ); 5= Chandra & Kushwaha (2013); 6= Distant (1902); 7 = Distant (1903); 8= Drake & Poor (1936); 9 = Gupta et al., (2004); 10 = Hutchinson (1934); 11= Mani (1962); 12 = Mani & Singh (1961); 13= Mathur & Srivastava (1967) ; 14 = Pericart (1984); 15= Rishi (1968); 16= Schuh (2013); 17= Tara & Gupta (2009); 18= Tara & Sharma (2010). Species richness and Diversity of Cimicomorpha Bugs A total of 24 species of Cimicomorpha bugs, belonging to 19 genera under six families of five super families, is known to occur in vast localities and areas of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Himalyan region. The Mirid bugs include 8 species, under subfamily Bryocorinae (4 spp.), Mirinae (2spp.) and Phylinae (2 spp.). The three species of Bryocorines, viz. Dicyphus orientalis, D. physochlaenae and D.sengge, are recorded from high-altitude regions of Ladakh Himalaya. The fourth Brycorine species (Nesidiocoris sp.) , is found to occur in Kashmir valley (see checklist). This species is reported to damage agricultural crops- Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) and Cucumis sativus (cucumber ) (Bhat et al., 2011). Subfamily Mirina ecomprises two species as Chilocrates patulus and Lygocoris pabulinus, prevalent in Kashmir region. Of these species, L. pabulinus, is observed to be an important pest of horticultural importance, damaging valuable fruit crops, viz. Apple (Malus domestica), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), pear (Pyruscommunis) and peach (Prunuspersica) (Rishi, 1968). Two species pertaining to subfamily Phylinae (C. pachycerus and A.margaretae), have been recorded from high-altitude regions of Ladakh by Hutchinson (1934) and Mani & Singh (1961). Anthocorid bugs include 5 species, belonging to 3 genera. Of these, two species (Anthocoris flavipes and Temnostethus ? paradoxus), showed prevalence in Ladakh region and rest of the three species (Anthocoris sp., Orius minutus and O. lindbergi), are reported from Kashmir region (see checklist). In Kashmir region, the Anthocorids have been found to be as important predators of aphids of agricultural, horticultural, forestry importance, besides other economically important plants. Host-aphid –plant complex of anthocorids of Kashmir region, shows about 8 species of aphids, belonging to 7 genera such

Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jls.htm 2015 Vol. 5 (1) January-March, pp. 275-279/Bhagat Research Article as Anuraphis, Amphicercidus, Aphis, Brachycaudus, Indiochaitophorus, Macrosiphoneilla and Pemphigus, infesting 8 species of host plants, including economically important ones (Bhagat and Lone, 1984; Bhagat and Matta, 2000). The family Tingidae is species- rich after Miridae and Anthocoridae, including five species, belonging to 5 genera (see checklist). Of these species, C. Bullita (=M.globulifera) is found to be as potential pest of cultivated medicinal plants, Ocimum sanctum (holy basil ortulsi ) and Mentha arvensis ( fieldmint) in Jammu and Kashmir region (Mathur and Srivastava, 1967; Tara, 2011). The family Reduviidae is represented by four species from Jammu and Kashmir, under subfamily Harpactorinae and Reduviinae (see checklist). Sycanus spp. (Harpacrorinae), have been found to be predaceous on Mexican beetles (Zygogramma bicolorata Pollister) as well as larvae of lepidopterous pests in Jammu region (Gupta, 2004; Tara and Sharma, 2010). Redivius delicatula has been reported to be as an important emerging pest, causing damage to apple tree in Doda area of Jammu region by Tara and Gupta (2009). Family Nabidae andCimicidae is represented by Nabissp. from Ladakh and Cimexlectularius from Jammu and Kashmir.

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