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Taxonomical Study on a Sample of Land and Freshwater Snails from Caves in Central Brazil, with Description of a New Species

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Taxonomical Study on a Sample of Land and Freshwater Snails from Caves in Central Brazil, with Description of a New Species Zoosyst. Evol. 93 (1) 2017, 135–141 | DOI 10.3897/zse.93.10995 museum für naturkunde Taxonomical study on a sample of land and freshwater snails from caves in central Brazil, with description of a new species Rodrigo B. Salvador1,2, Daniel C. Cavallari3, Luiz R. L. Simone3 1 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany 2 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. Sigwartstraße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany 3 Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil http://zoobank.org/1ED4E257-4CD3-4A1D-82B6-40615D572C91 Corresponding author: Rodrigo B. Salvador ([email protected]) Abstract Received 31 October 2016 A sample of land and freshwater snails, mainly pulmonates, was recently collected in Accepted 1 February 2017 caves in Goiás and Bahia states, Brazil. Twenty-one species were found in the material. Published 15 February 2017 The following species are reported for the first time for Goiás state:Cecilioides consobri- na (Ferussaciidae), Dysopeas muibum and Stenogyra octogyra (Subulinidae), Entodina Academic editor: jekylli and Prohappia besckei (Scolodontidae; also reported for the first time for Bahia Matthias Glaubrecht state), Pupisoma dioscoricola (Valloniidae). A new species from Goiás is described here- in: Gastrocopta sharae sp. n. (Gastrocoptidae). The new records and species addressed Key Words here constitute important findings, helping to fill distributional gaps and improving the knowledge of the local molluscan fauna, an essential step for future conservation efforts. Bahia caves Gastropoda Goiás Gastrocopta sharae sp. n. stygofauna troglofauna Introduction Carlos; São Carlos, Brazil) and her team to cave systems in Goiás and Bahia states, central Brazil, recovered many The Brazilian continental molluscan fauna is still poor- land and freshwater snails. This whole material was de- ly known and is deemed to have so many undescribed posited in the malacological collection of the Museu de species as to triple the presently known number (Simone Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP, São Pau- 1999, 2006). Since cave-dwelling invertebrates, in gener- lo, Brazil) and is studied here. The sample studied herein al, have received scarce attention from researchers in Bra- includes the description of a new species and occurrence zil (Trajano and Bichuette 2010), it should be no surprise of another twenty species, some of which are new records that cave-dwelling land and freshwater snails are even less for Bahia and/or Goiás states. known (a few exceptions are: Bichuette and Trajano 1999, 2003, Simone 2013, Salvador et al. 2016). This lack of study is alarming, especially from a conservationist point Material and methods of view, since caves usually have very fragile ecosystems with a high degree of endemic species (Trajano 2000, All the material studied here was collected by M. E. Bi- Gallão and Bichuette 2012, Silva and Ferreira 2015). chuette and her team and deposited in the MZSP. All the Some recent expeditions (April/2012–January/2013) specimens were collected in caves (see Table 1 for all the by Dr. M. E. Bichuette (Universidade Federal de São localities) and comprise both empty shells and living an- Copyright Rodrigo B. Salvador et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 136 Salvador, R.B. et al.: Taxonomical study on a sample of land and freshwater snails... Table 1. List of all localities, i.e., the caves (or “grutas” in Portuguese), where the present material was collected, alongside their city/municipality, state, coordinates (see also Fig. 1), date of collection, the biome of the surrounding area, the microhabitat where the snails were collected and if there is a water body inside each cave. Water Locality City State Coordinates Collection date Biome Substrate body Campos Gruta Cantinho Igatu/Andaraí BA 12°51’49.9’’S 41°19’26.9’’W 01/Apr/2013 wet sand yes Rupestres Cerrado/ Gruta do Catão São Desidério BA 12°22’07.0’’S 44°52’03.2’’W 03/Nov/2012 wet sand, clay yes Caatinga Cerrado/ Gruta do Renatão São Desidério BA 12°26’35.6’’S 44°56’26.7’’W 03/Nov/2012 clay no Caatinga Gruta das Dores Mambaí GO 14°24’38.0’’S 46°11’35.5’’W 30/Apr/2013 Cerrado clay yes Gruta Fundo de Quintal Mambaí GO 14°29’16.0’’S 46°07’08.4’’W 29/Oct/2012 Cerrado clay yes Gruta Judite Mambaí GO 14°24’26.5’’S 46°11’43.7’’W 01/May/2013 Cerrado clay yes 28/Oct/2012, Gruta da Tarimba Mambaí GO 14°24’43.0’’S 46°10’29.6’’W Cerrado clay yes 29/Apr/2013 Gruta Pasto de Vacas I Mambaí GO 14°26’19.4’’S 46°10’40.9’’W 02/May/2013 Cerrado clay yes 30/Apr/2013, Gruta Revolucionários Posse GO 14°14’03.0’’S 46°20’41.8’’W Cerrado clay yes 03/May/2013 Figure 1. Map showing the Brazilian states of Bahia and Goiás, with the cities where the caves are located (see also Table 1): 1, Igatu/Andaraí; 2, São Desidério; 3, Mambaí; 4, Posse. Abbreviations: GO, Goiás state; BA, Bahia state; DF, Distrito Federal. imals. Brief descriptions of each locality can be found greatest width, h = aperture height, d = aperture width; in- in Table 1, alongside their precise coordinates (see also stitutions: NHMUK = Natural History Museum (London, Fig. 1). Localities from Goiás all fit into the Cerrado Bi- UK); NMSW = National Museum Wales (Cardiff, UK). ome, while those in Bahia are either Campos Rupestres (montane subtropical savannah) or a transition between the Cerrado and the Caatinga. Systematics Identification was conducted based on the work of Simone (2006), the original descriptions, and additional Pulmonata material housed in the collection of the MZSP. Unfortu- Stylommatophora nately, some species could not be identified beyond genus Superfamily Pupilloidea level, either due to poor preservation of the specimens or Family Gastrocoptidae to very young age. The complete list of species, as well as Genus Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878 a relation of all the studied material, can be found in Table Gastrocopta sharae sp. n. 2. Species that deserve further notice, such as those with new records, are figured and discussed in the Systematics http://zoobank.org/923AD6BA-B7BD-4AB1-A67E-35E769EE8290 session below. Measurements were made with a digital Figs 2–6 caliper or with the aid of the Zeiss Axiovision SE64 Rel 4.8 imaging software. The following abbreviations are Type material. Holotype: MZSP 122725 (Figs 2–4). used herein: shell dimensions: H = shell length, D = shell Paratype: MZSP 122726, from type locality (Figs 5–6). zse.pensoft.net Zoosyst. Evol. 93 (1) 2017, 135–141 137 Table 2. List of all species found on the present material, with information on locality data, whether it is a new occurrence (species with new records are analyzed more thoroughly in the text) and record number of the MZSP collection. Abbreviations: BA, Bahia state; GO, Goiás state; Can, Gruta Cantinho; Cat, Gruta do Catão; Dor, Gruta das Dores; FdQ, Gruta Fundo de Quintal; Jud, Gruta Judite; PdV, Pasto de Vacas I; Ren, Gruta do Renatão; Rev, Gruta Revolucionários; Tar, Gruta da Tarimba; hol, holotype; par, paratype; sh, shell; spc, specimen. New Species Family Cave(s) Collection Nr. (MZSP) record? Neritimorpha Helicina angulata Sowerby, 1873 Helicinidae – Ren (BA) MZSP 122761 (1 spc) Caenogastropoda Pomacea sp. Ampullariidae – Cat (BA) MZSP 122776 (1 sh) MZSP 122772 (1 sh), 122773 (5 sh), Idiopyrgus souleyetianus Pilsbry, 1911 Pomatiopsidae – Cat (BA) 122774 (6 sh), 122775 (3 sh) Pulmonata - Hygrophila MZSP 122768 (17 sh), 122769 (1 sh), Biomphalaria sp. Planorbidae – Cat (BA), PdV (GO) 122770 (5 sh), 122771 (3 sh), 122777 (1 sh) Aplexa marmorata (Guilding, 1828) Physidae – Jud (GO) MZSP 122730 (1 spc) Pulmonata - Stylommatophora Solaropsis sp. Camaenidae – Tar (GO) MZSP 122727 (2 spc) MZSP 122816 (1 sh), 122817 (9 sh), Radiodiscus sp. Charopidae – Tar, Rev (GO) 131089 (2 sh), 131090 (1 sh) Zilchogyra sp. Charopidae – Dor (GO) MZSP 122734 (1 sh) MZSP 131578 (1 sh), 131579 (1 sh), Cecilioides consobrina (d’Orbigny, 1841) Ferussaciidae yes Tar, Rev (GO) 122756 (1 sh), 122759 (1 sh) Gastrocopta sharae sp. nov. Gastrocoptidae yes Rev (GO) MZSP 122725 (hol), MZSP 122726 (par) Cyclodontina sexdentata (Spix, 1827) Orthalicidae – Cat (BA) MZSP 122763 (1 spc) Ringincella luetzelburgi Weber, 1925 Orthalicidae – Ren (BA) MZSP 122762 (2 sh) MZSP 122735 (10 sh + 4 spc), 122757 (1 Entodina jekylli Baker, 1913 Scolodontidae yes Tar, Rev (GO) sh), 131091 (5 sh + 1 spc), 131092 (2 sh), 131093 (3 sh) Happia sp. Scolodontidae – Cat (BA) MZSP 122767 (1 spc) MZSP 122822 (1 spc), 122824 (1 sh), Rev (GO), Happia glaberrima Scolodontidae – 122825 (2 sh), 122826 (4 spc), 1228227 Cant (BA) (1 spc) MZSP 122736 (4 sh + 1 spc), 122758 (1sh), 122760 (4 sh + 1 spc), 122764 (1 sh), Can, Ren (BA); Prohappia besckei (Dunker, 1847) Scolodontidae yes 131094 (4 sh), 131095 (7 sh), 131096 (3 Tar, Rev (GO) sh), 131097 (3 sh), 131098 (1 spc), 131099 (1 sh) Allopeas micra (d’Orbigny, 1835) Subulinidae – FdQ (GO) MZSP 122729 (1 sh) MZSP 122732 (1 sh) Dysopeas muibum Subulinidae yes Tar (GO) MZSP 131100 (1 sh) (Marcus & Marcus, 1968) Leptinaria sp. Subulinidae – Cat, Ren (BA) MZSP 122765 (1 sh), 122766 (1 sh) Leptinaria concentrica (Reeve, 1849) Subulinidae – Rev (GO) MZSP 122828 (1 spc) MZSP 122728 (1 sh), 122731 (1 spc), Stenogyra octogyra (Pfeiffer, 1856) Subulinidae yes Dor, Jud, Tar (GO) 122733 (2 sh) Pupisoma dioscoricola MZSP 122737 (1 sh), 122738 (1 sh), Valloniidae yes Tar, Rev (GO) (C.B.
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