National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Na t i o n a l Ac t i o n Pl a n Fo r Ha r i t h a La n k a Pr o g r a m m e

Na t i o n a l Co u n c i l f o r Su s t a i n a b l e De v e l o p m e n t Pr e s i d e n t i a l Se c r e t a r i a t , Co l o m b o 01.

Co n v e n e r : Mi n i s t ry o f En v i r o n m e n t a n d Na t u r a l Re s o u r c e s , 82, “Sa m p a t h p a y a ”, Ra j a m a l w a t t a Ro a d , Ba t t a r a m u l l a .

Ja n u a r y 2009

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Na t i o n a l Co u n c i l f o r Su s t a i n a b l e De v e l o p m e n t

Ch a i r m a n :

� H.E. the President

Me m b e r s :

� Hon. Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Services � Hon. Minister of Disaster Management and Human Rights � Hon. Minister of Education � Hon. Minister of Enterprise Development and Investment Promotion � Hon. Minister of Environment and Natural Resources � Hon. Minister of Export Development and International Trade � Hon. Minister of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources � Hon. Minister of Finance and Planning � Hon. Minister of Healthcare and Nutrition � Hon. Minister of Industrial Development � Hon. Minister of Irrigation and Water Management � Hon. Minister of Labour Relations and Manpower � Hon. Minister of Local Government and Provincial Council � Hon. Minister of Nations Building and Estate Infrastructure � Hon. Minister of Plan Implementation � Hon. Minister of Power and Energy � Hon. Minister of Plantation Industries � Hon. Minister of Science and Technology � Hon. Minister of Tourism � Hon. Minister of Transport � Hon. Minister of Urban Development and Sacred Area Development � Hon. Minister of Water Supply and Drainage

Co n v e n e r :

� Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Me s s a g e o f H.E. t h e Pr e s i d e n t

Having successfully prosecuted a war against the most brutal terrorist organization in the world, Sri Lanka is now in a position to fully enjoy our independence 61 years after the dawn of freedom. All our people can now live in peace and understanding, and together work towards forging a bright future for the nation.

While socio-economic development is of utmost importance, it is equally necessary that we protect our natural resources, safeguard the environment and are prudent in the use of the assets that nature has bestowed upon our land. This requires emphasis on sustainable development by the judicious use of resources today which will protect and even enhance them for the future.

Sri Lanka has an impressive record of natural resource management and sustainable use. In facing the major challenges of climate change and protection of the environment, it is necessary to combine the best modern concepts with the tried and tested methods that history has provided us. We should seek a successful blend of the best of modern science and the richness of traditional knowledge.

It is for this purpose that I have established the National Council for Sustainable Development, which functions under my Chairmanship and includes the Ministers in charge of major economic development programmes. This Council is charged with responsibility for producing an integrated policy, and overseeing and guiding the implementation of the Haritha Lanka Programme to ensure the sustainability of social and economic development programmes. I am glad that the National Action Plan for the Haritha Lanka Programme has been presented and look forward to its implementation with the least delay as the Road Map for the sustainable development of Sri Lanka.

Mahinda Rajapaksa President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Me s s a g e o f t h e Ho n . Mi n i s t e r o f En v i r o n m e n t a n d Na t u r a l Re s o u r c e s

With human vulnerability to environmental change reaching unprecedented levels, environmental friendly development has now been recognized as the key to the long term sustainability of any economic activity. People’s livelihood, as well as their health and well-being, are inextricably linked to the biological and physical properties and the proper functioning of the natural ecosystems. We in Sri Lanka, have to be especially concerned since our country has been identified as a “biodiversity hotspot” where its many endemic species are subjected to serious threat. Today, we are confronted with a multiple global crisis situation relating to energy, food, fresh water and finance. It is clear that bail-out plans with injecting of funds to financial institutions that are becoming unstable would not solve the present problem as these institutions have been formed based on the expectation of unlimited growth leading to unsustainable production and consumption practices. It has become necessary to direct even the short term plans along a path of sustainable economic and social development. It is in this context that the Government has introduced the Haritha Lanka program and established a National Council for Sustainable Development under the leadership of H.E. the President to ensure integration of environmental concerns into the economic and social development processes throughout the country. The Haritha Lanka Programme of Action was developed through an interactive process involving all the key ministries. Its missions focus on addressing the critical issues that, if left unattended, would frustrate our economic development programmes. Clean air and clean and adequate supplies of water must be available to all. The country’s priceless natural heritage of fauna and flora must not be allowed to get degraded. The cities have to be clean and provide a healthy environment for all the city dwellers. The industries must learn and put into practice measures for preventing environmental pollution. The island’s limited land resources should be used optimally. And the coastal belt, one of the most picturesque parts of the country, requires special attention to ensure that its integrity remains unblemished and that it would continue to serve as a major contributor to the country’s economy. Actions to address these key areas are embodied in the strategies and proposed actions set out under the ten missions of the Haritha Lanka Programme. I sincerely hope that this National Acton Plan would lay a solid foundation leading to a sustainable future for the present and future generations of our country.

Patali Champika Ranawake M.P. Minister of Environment and Natural Resources

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

10 Mi ss i o ns

� Mi ss i o n 1 : Cl e a n Ai r - Ev e r y w h e r e

� Mi ss i o n 2 : Sa v i n g t h e Fa u n a , Fl o r a a n d Ec o s y s t e m s

� Mi ss i o n 3 : Me e t i n g t h e Ch a l l e n g e s o f Cl i m a t e Ch a n g e

� Mi ss i o n 4 : Wi s e Us e o f t h e Co a s t a l Be l t a n d t h e Se a Ar o u n d

� Mi ss i o n 5 : Re s p o n s i b l e Us e o f t h e La n d Re s o u r c e s

� Mi ss i o n 6 : Do i n g Aw a y w i t h t h e Du m p s

� Mi ss i o n 7 : Wa t e r f o r Al l a n d Al w a y s

� Mi ss i o n 8 : Gr e e n Ci t i e s f o r He a l t h a n d Pr o s p e r i t y

� Mi ss i o n 9 : Gr e e n i n g t h e In d u s t r i e s

� Mi ss i o n 10 : Kn o w l e d g e f o r Ri g h t Ch o i c e s

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...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Co n t e n t s

Me s s a g e o f H.E. t h e Pr e s i d e n t i

Me s s a g e o f t h e Ho n . Mi n i s t e r o f En v i r o n m e n t a n d Na t u r a l Re s o u r c e s ii

Mi s s i o n s iii

Co n t e n t s iv

Abb r e v i a t i o n s v

In t r o d u c t i o n ix

Mi ss i o n 1: Cl e a n Ai r - Ev e r y w h e r e 1 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 2: Sa v i n g t h e Fa u n a , Fl o r a a nd Ec o s y s t e m s 11 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 3: Me e t i n g t h e Ch a l l e n g e s o f Cl i m a t e Ch a n g e 27 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 4: Wi s e Us e o f t h e Co a s t a l Be l t a nd t h e Se a Ar o u nd 41 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 5: Re sp o ns i b l e Us e o f t h e La nd Re s o u r c e s 53 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 6: Do i n g Aw a y w i t h t h e Du m ps 67 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 7: Wa t e r f o r Al l a nd Al w a y s 77 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 8: Gr e e n Ci t i e s f o r He a l t h a nd Pr o sp e r i t y 91 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 9: Gr e e n i n g t h e Ind u s t r i e s 101 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

Mi ss i o n 10: Kn o w l e d g e f o r Ri g h t Ch o i c e s 111 Pr e a mb l e , St r a t e g i e s a n d Ac t i o n s

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Ab b r e v i a t i o ns

AirMAC - Air Resource Management Centre Ayu.Ins - Ayurvedic Institutions BOI - Board of Investment BRT - Buss Rapid Transit CBOs - Community Based Organizations CCSec. - Climate Change Secretariat CCD - Coast Conservation Department CDM - Clean Development Mechanism CEA - Central Environmental Authority CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board CERs - Certified Emission Reductions CP - Cleaner Production CPA - Consumer Protection Authority CPC - Ceylon Petroleum Corporation DC - Department of Customs DFC - Department of Forest Conservation DMC - Disaster Management Center DMT - Department of Motor Traffic DoA - Department of Agriculture DoAP&H - Department of Ayurvedic Practices and Health DoF - Department of Fisheries DoI - Department of Irrigation DoIEC - Department of Import & Export Control DoM - Department of Meteorology Dis.Secs - District Secretariats Div.Secs - Divisional Secretariats DWLC - Department of Wildlife Conservation EDB - Export Development Board EPDs - Education Publication Departments GDP - Gross Domestic Products GHG - Green House Gases GIS - Geographic Information System GJA - Gems & Jewellry Authority GSMB - Geological Survey and Mines Bureau

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

HWM - Hazardous Waste Management ICTAD - Institute for Construction Training and Development IOC - Indian Oil Corporation IPD - Industrial Policy Division IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature LAs - Local Authorities LCM - Life Cycle Management LDD - Legal Drarftman’s Department LPHA - Local Public Health Authority LRC - Land Reform Commission LRT - Light Rapid Transit LUPPD - Land Use Policy Planning Division M/AD&AS - Ministry of Agriculture Development & Agrarian Services M/CD&WE - Ministry of Child Development & Women’s Empowerment M/CA - Ministry of Cultural Affairs M/DM &HR - Ministry of Disaster Management & Human Rights M/E - Ministry of Education M/ED&IT - Ministry of Export Development & International Trade M/E&NR - Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources M/F&P - Ministry of Finance & Planning M/F&AR - Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources M/H&N - Ministry of Healthcare & Nutrition M/H&CA - Ministry of Housing & Common Amenities M/H&RD - Ministry of Highways & Road Development M/ID - Ministry of Industrial Development M/I&WM - Ministry of Irrigation & Water Management M/L&LD - Ministry of Land & Land Development M/LR&M - Ministry of Labour Relations & Manpower M/LG&PC - Ministry of Local Government & Provincial Councils M/MM&I - Ministry of Mass Media & Information M/NB&EID - Ministry of Nations Building & Estate Infrastructure Development M/P&E - Ministry of Power & Energy M/PA&HA - Ministry of Public Administration & Home Affairs M/PI - Ministry of Plantation Industries M/RI&SEP - Ministry of Rural Industries & Self Employment Promotion M/S& PA - Ministry of Samurdhi & Poverty Alleviation M/S&T - Ministry of Science & Technology M/Transport - Ministry of Transport

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

M/Tourism - Ministry of Tourism M/TMDC&CA - Ministry of Trade, Marketing Development, Cooperative & Consumer Affairs M/UD &SAD - Ministry of Urban Development & Sacred Area Development M/V&TT - Ministry of Vocational & Technical Training M/WS&D - Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage M/YA - Ministry of Youth Affairs MASL - Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka MEPA - Marine Environment Protection Authority REAPM - Regional Economic Advancement Project Matale MRT - Mass Rapid Transit NAQDA - National Aquaculture Development Authority NACCC - National Advisory Committee for Climate Change NARRA - National Aquatic Resource and Research Agency NBGD - National Botanical Garden Department NBRO - National Building Research Organization NCE - National College of Education NCPC - National Cleaner Production Centre NECCDP - North East Coastal Community Development Project NEHRP - North East Housing Reconstruction Programme NEIAP-2 - North East Irrigated Agriculture project - 2 NERDC - National Engineering Research & Development Center NGOs - Non Government Organizations NIE - National Institute of Education NPD - National Planning Department NPPD - National Physical Plan Department NPSWM - National Policy on Solid Waste Management NRMC - Natural Resource Management Center NWS&DB - National Water Supply & Drainage Board NSF - National Science Foundation NYC - National Youth Council NZG - National Zoological Garden PAs - Protected Areas PCs - Provincials Councils PEP - Promotion of Eco-efficient Productivity PGIAr - Post Graduate Institute of Archeology PGIA - Post Graduate Institute of Agriculture PS - Presidential Secretariat Pvt. Sector - Private Sector

vii

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

RCD - Rubber Control Department RDA - Road Development Authority REAP - Responsible Entrepreneurship Achievement Programme REDD - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation REPSIP - Rehabilitation of Economic Physical & Social Infrastructure Project RRI - Rice Research Institute SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Corperation SD - Survey Department SDR - Special Drawing Rights SEA - Sustainable Energy Authority SLCF - Sri Lanka Carbon Fund Limited SLSA - Sri Lanka Samurdi Authority SLLR &DC - Sri Lanka Land Reclamation & Development Corporation SLR - Sri Lanka Railways SLTB - Sri Lanka Tourist Board SMEs - Small and Medium Enterprises STC - State Timber Corporation SUDS - Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems TAARP-B - Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project-B TAARP-E - Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project-E Toe - Ton of oil equivalent T&VEC - Technical and Vocational Education Centres TRINCAP - Technical Cooperation Project for Agricultural & Rural Development for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Through Community Approach in Trincomalee District UDA - Urban Development Authority UGC - University Grant Commission ULAs - Urban Local Authorities UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change UoP - University of Peradeniya UoM - University of Moratuwa VC - Vidatha Centre WCP - Wastewater Charge Programme WMA - Waste Management Authority

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...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

In t r o d u c t i o n

In the present century, human society, here and elsewhere in the world, faces the daunting, but vital, task of forging a relationship with nature that would ensure sustainability in all its activities aimed at improving the quality of life. “Sustainability” implies meeting current human needs while preserving the environment and natural resources needed by future generations.

It is towards this end that Sri Lanka has developed the National Action Plan for the Haritha Lanka Programme. This plan is the product of the concerted effort of all relevant ministries who actively participated in its development. Making its preparation a high level participatory process was intended to ensure that sustainability would not just remain a concept but would translate into practical reality. The programme is captured in ten mission statements and the proposed strategies and actions that are set out focus on fulfilling the ten goals set out in the mission statements.

Achieving sustainability rests to a large extent on national efforts. We must, however, be mindful of the vitally important place of global factors in influencing our efforts aimed at achieving sustainability. These are, notably, the looming crisis of climate change and the crippling effects of high dependence on fossil fuels, both of which would impact strongly on the three pillars of sustainability, namely, environmental conservation, economic stability and social equity. We should therefore strive to develop a cohesive programme for sustainable development. This has been the focus in developing the Action Plan.

This Action Plan has been developed in pursuance of a decision taken at a meeting convened by the Presidential Secretariat on 16th October 2008. In preparing the Plan, short-, medium-, and long-term solutions to meet current and emerging economic and environmental challenges were meticulously explored. A preliminary draft was initially developed by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources taking into consideration the five-year national environmental action plan entitled Caring for Environment 2009 – 2013, and the National Strategy for Sustainable Development, both of which were developed through extensive deliberations with the relevant ministries and other related key stakeholder institutions. Using the draft prepared by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and incorporating the outcome of deliberations and conclusions reached during four meetings of secretaries of the relevant ministries, the final draft of the Action Plan for the Haritha Lanka Programme was prepared.

A National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) was established by the government under the Haritha Lanka Programme to function as a national platform to launch and promote the process of achieving sustainable development. The NCSD is chaired by H.E. the President. NCSD, while making policy integration, would oversee and guide the implementation of the Haritha Lanka Programme.

The ten broad missions/thrust areas covered by the programme are: Clean Air - Everywhere, Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems, Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change, Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and the Sea Around, Responsible Use of the Land Resources, Doing Away with the Dumps, Water for All and Always, Green Cities for Health and Prosperity, Greening the Industries, Knowledge for Right Choices. The programme includes short-, medium- and long- term targets spanning the period 2009 – 2016 and performance indicators.

The progress of implementation of this action plan will be monitored by the Ministry of Plan Implementation. The secretariat facilities for the NCSD will be provided by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources.

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Mi ss i o n 1: Cl e a n Ai r - Ev e r y w h e r e

Pr e a m b l e

The earth’s atmosphere – the air we breathe – is indeed one of the planet’s key natural resources, on which the sustenance of every form of life depends. Many human activities in pursuit of what we broadly recognize as “development” discharge huge quantities of polluting substances into the atmosphere, and this trend has escalated in the current decades, despoiling this vital natural resource at an alarming rate.

Vehicular transport is the sub-sector that is most responsible for air pollution in Sri Lanka. Current trends show a sharp growth in the number of vehicles entering the road network of the country – buses, lorries, vans, cars, trishaws and motor cycles. Vehicle exhausts discharge noxious gases and particulate matter and it is well established that these substances, in the air we breathe, can lead to respiratory and cardiac diseases. Besides the pollution caused, pro rata, by the increased number of vehicles, we need to consider the additional impact of traffic congestion, where excessive quantities of pollutants are discharged by idling and slow moving vehicles.

The mission implicitly recognizes that the problem of air pollution takes different forms in different parts of the country and its ultimate aim is to ensure that clean air is present everywhere. Taking the transport sector, the areas most impacted by vehicular emissions are the cities. These areas are the home to nearly a third of the island’s population and this figure is expected to rise to 45 per cent by 2015; hence the need to address this problem by every means available. The proposed strategies and actions to deal with this problem cover a wide range falling within the categories of improving public transport and related infrastructure systems; using cleaner fuels; and imposing standards for monitoring and vehicle emissions.

Industrialization and power generation have brought in a range of new dimensions in relation to the problem of air pollution. There has been rapid industrial growth in recent decades, bringing with it large increases in the volume of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere through stacks. In power generation, whereas two decades ago nearly all our power needs were met from hydro sources, now 40- 50 per cent is generated by burning fossil fuels which have the potential of discharging acidic substances to the atmosphere. Pollution from these sources has, for the most part, a localized impact but it needs to be addressed as it causes severe distress to the people resident in the surrounding areas. Strategies and actions for dealing with these problems have been set out.

In regarding the quality of the air we breathe, we tend to overlook the vast majority of people who live in the rural areas in the belief that they are exposed to clean air. Indoor pollution, however, from open hearth cooking is a serious health problem and this mostly affects women. Strategies and actions to address this problem are considered important and have been included.

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

Mi ss i o n 1: Cl e a n Ai r - Ev e r y w h e r e

St r a t e g i e s

1. Develop environmentally viable transport and infrastructure systems.

2. Shift towards cleaner fuels.

3. Prepare and maintain emissions inventory.

4. Monitor emissions of power plants and high polluting industries.

5. Monitor & reduce vehicle emissions.

6. Establish a system for the surveillance of ambient air quality.

7. Manage indoor air pollution through technical and social interventions.

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/Transport M/Transport, M/UD&SAD M/Transport, M/UD&SAD M/Transport RDA, LAs, M/UD&SAD M/Transport, M/UD&SAD, M/F&P 50% 50% Long Term 100% 100% 2009 -16 50% 20% 30% 70% term cities 100% 100% Other 2009-13 Medium

1 5% e r e 30% 20% Term 100% Short Targets 2009 -10 h Colombo v e r y w - E Baseline i r ns A traffic Available signaling systems Available Parking facilities and regulations Available Available Infrastructure systems Available railway system Available systems linkages Available between rail and road n c t i o A l e a 1: C n Indicators i o ss Key Performance i Proportion of cities in Proportion the country with green transportation modes. Car owners opting to use public railway system. Systems in place. Systems in place. Integrated signal systems in municipal areas. Regulations in place. Parking Facilities Provided. M Strategies/Actions Develop environmentally viable transport and infrastructure systems. Actions railway system to Improve facilitate passenger and freight transport. Implement mass transit systems such as MRT/LRT, Bus- including Premium BRT Service & one-way systems bus lanes in with centre-flow regions. metropolitan Enhance linkages between rail and road. integrated traffic Introduce areas signaling systems for core of the cities. congestion road Introduce parking pricing and providing Colombo facilities surrounding for low occupancy vehicles. 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Most targets are given as a percentage which, unless otherwise stated, indicates the degree of progress towards achieving the expected goal. towards of progress which, unless otherwise stated, indicates the degree given as a percentage are Most targets 1

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere M/E&NR Lead agency Agency (In Bold) (In Bold) responsible Responsible Air MAC, MAC, Air CPC, IOC M/F&P RDA, LAs, M/UD&SAD, M/NB&EID RDA, M/UD&SAD M/Transport RDA, M/UD&SAD RDA, M/UD&SAD M/Transport, ULAs UDA, RDA, SLR, ULAs, M/Transport M/E&NR 100% 100% 100% 100% Long Term Long Term 2009 -16 2009 -16 60% 60% 55% 70% 70% term 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets Targets Targets 60% 50% 60% 30% 40% 30% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Baseline Existing programme Existing standards Existing Procedures Existing Regulations and designs Strategic locations No. of centers and depots to be constructed System available Gazette no. 1295/11 Gazette no. 1295/11 Gazette no. 1295/11 Indicators Indicators Key Performance Key Performance Road surface almost condition. always in proper adopted. Standards Legislation in place. Regulations in place. being Flyover projects implemented in strategic locations. Multimodal transport and internal container centre implemented. depot projects using vehicles of no. Increasing weekdays. on parking facilities provided system this under Carbon dioxide emissions per capita. Action plan prepared. Regulations in place. Strategies/Actions Strategies/Actions Introduce an effective road road an effective Introduce in place maintenance program of the existing programme. and encourage Introduce use of international widespread furniture. for road standards legislation to Introduce users. road safeguard design appropriate Introduce terrain reduce to technology and of in the construction effects of and rehabilitation new roads existing roads. flyovers in selected Construct locations. multimodal Construct transport centers and internal container depots. Park & ride systems. Introduce Shift towards cleaner fuels. Actions map for cleaner a road Prepare fuels in Sri Lanka. Formulate fiscal policy to encourage cleaner fuels. 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 2. 2.1 2.2

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible AirMAC, M/E&NR, M/P&E, SEA AirMAC, CPC, M/E&NR, IOC, M/P&E AirMAC , M/E&NR, CPC, IOC M/F&P M/E&NR M/E&NR, CEA,SEA, M/P&E, CPC M/E&NR CEA, SEA, M/P&E, CPC M/E&NR, CEA 2015 Long Term 100% 100% 10% by 2009 -16 85% 40% 40% 80% 2010 term 100% 100% 3% by 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 20% 20% 30% 75% 60% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline In principle of approval the Cabinet Existing quality of fuels Existing system Existing regulations Green House Gas inventory 1994 Available data Existing mechanism Available data Indicators Key Performance Availability of alternative fuels in Availability the market. of low sulpher diesel Availability in the market. System established. Regulations in place. in place. Emissions regulations in place. Policy instruments technologies Appropriate adopted. Database & collection mechanism established. annual fuel (currently consumption data is being balance) published in the energy Audit mechanism established and in use. Data analysis system developed and being used. Strategies/Actions Introduce alternative fuels to Introduce the market including bio-fuels. the quality of fossil Improve fuels such as diesel which are in use. already quality test to system a Develop independent of fuel through verification. Reduce tax on hybrid vehicles and cleaner technologies. Prepare and maintain emissions inventory. Actions and extend data Strengthen and collection system of CEA Authority Sustainable Energy electronic (SEA) by introducing transfer of fuel consumption and emission data on a monthly basis. mechanism auditing an Establish emission of accuracy validate to data on a random basis. Summarize collected data quarterly and fill any identified gaps. 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR, CEA M/E&NR, CEA, SEA, M/P&E M/E&NR, CEA M/E&NR CEA CEA M/P&E M/Transport 100% Long Term 2009 -16 85% 85% 90% term 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 30% 90% Term 100% 100% Short 2009 -10 Baseline Available Available data Available legislation Available data Existing data 2008 Information available Information available Information available Gazette no. 1295/11 Indicators Key Performance Emission inventory and maintained. prepared Legislation on emissions in place. Air quality model developed. Emissions standards established. Database in place. Emission standards established. Mechanism in place. emission testing Vehicle certificates issued islandwide. to fulfill their Strategies/Actions and SEA Preparation and maintain Preparation emission inventory using above data. Enact the legislation to enable CEA obligations. Commission a project to identify a suitable air quality model for Sri Lanka incorporating relevant emission inventory data and data. meteorological Monitor emissions of power plant and high polluting industries. Actions Identify high polluting (HP) industries. Legalize stack emission for industries. standards a continuous self- Introduce monitoring mechanism for power sector emissions. Monitor & Reduce vehicle emissions. 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/Transport, M/Transport, AirMAC, DMT, M/E&NR M/Transport, DMT M/PA&HA AirMAC, DMT, M/E&NR M/Transport, DMT M/Transport, DC DMT, M/F&P DMT, M/Transport, DC DMT, M/Transport, DC 75% 100% Long Term 2009 -16 30% term 100% 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 60% 70% 70% 60% Term 100% 100% Short 2009 -10 Baseline Available Available regulations Existing facilities of the monitoring Not available Existing data Available system Current procedures Available system Current procedures Indicators Key Performance Regulations in place. Monitoring unit with facilities and staff established. DS Offices networked. Regulations in place. MoUs signed. Regulations in place. Regulations in place. Regulations in place. Strategies/Actions Actions the Update appropriately stipulated vehicle emission levels. Establish the Monitoring unit of DMT to implement control/ testing of vehicle emissions. Network the DS Divisions in to facilitate information order exchange on vehicle emissions. Execute the chassis - dynamometer test to issue emission certificates. understanding by the Ensure authorities in the country of export of information required vehicles used of importation for to Sri Lanka. Ban importation of used heavy vehicles over two and a half years old and light vehicles over two years old. to obtain a requirement Enforce the principal a certificate from on the date of manufacturer of vehicles. manufacture of a the requirement Introduce fuel efficiency certificate from the country of origin for used shipment and vehicles before prior to registration. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR CEA, M/E&NR CEA, M/E&NR M/E&NR M/E&NR, AirMAC, NBRO,CEA M/E&NR , AirMAC, NBRO,CEA, M/H&N M/E&NR , AirMAC, NGOs, NERD Long Term 2009 -16 40% term 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 70% 30% 30% 20% 10% 65% 10% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing data 2008 2 provincial stations available Available equipment Data taken the from pilot project Data taken the from pilot project Data taken the from pilot project Available data Indicators Key Performance System for data analysis and System for data analysis and institutional mechanism for monitoring in place. Monitoring stations available in major cities. Monitoring equipment available. Number of interventions adopted and practiced. Database compiled. Action Plan approved. Increase in purchase of such stoves/cookers. Strategies/Actions Establish a system for the surveillance of ambient air quality. Actions Design and implement an island wide ambient air quality to monitoring programme cover all major cities. equipment/montitoring Acquire stations for key locations. Manage indoor air pollution through technical and social interventions. Actions Compile database on indoor air pollution. Action Plan Develop a National including projects. Facilitate change to use of safe and efficient cooking stoves using by people, preferably biogas. 6. 6.1 6.2 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems

Mi ss i o n 2: Sa v i n g t h e Fa u n a , Fl o r a a nd Ec o s y s t e m s

Pr e a m b l e

For a small country, Sri Lanka is endowed with an exceptionally rich and diverse array of fauna, flora and ecosystems. From time immemorial this rich biodiversity has served the people as a source of food, fuel, medicines and a range of raw materials needed for their livelihood. They used these renewable resources without depleting them. In other words they practised sustainable living centuries before the term “sustainability” was introduced in today’s context of balancing economic development with environmental protection. Times have changed, and today Sri Lanka is identified as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots i.e. an area which is rich in biodiversity but where the biodiversity is subject to high levels of threat. The natural forests of the country which are the home to the large majority of indigenous animal and plant species were cleared at a rapid rate during the colonial period for raising plantations of tea and rubber. In more recent times forests have been cleared for agriculture and to accommodate a rapidly expanding population. A good part of this clearing has been due to encroachment on state forest land. Estimates made in 1999 indicated that the island’s forest cover was diminishing at the rate of approximately 30,000 hectares annually. Also subject to dwindling areas are the wetlands – the habitats of numerous aquatic species of plants and animals, including a rich diversity of birds. In and around urban areas the loss of wetlands is due to land fill. Many of Sri Lanka’s unique assemblage of species are endemic to the country i.e. they are found nowhere else in the world. Loss of habitat has led to a threat to their survival and the end result of this trend is extinction. The amphibians whose typical habitat is the inter-phase between land and water are extremely sensitive to environmental change. Some 21 species of amphibians that had been recorded earlier are considered to have gone extinct and of the 106 endemic species now present 52 are considered to be under threat. Many species of plants and animals show point endemism, being found in only a single location; this sharply increases their vulnerability. A good part of Sri Lanka’s biodiversity also resides in non-forest areas and croplands. Sri Lanka has been referred to as a “gold mine” in reference to the large number and diversity of rice varieties found in the country. The traditional village home gardens including typical Kandian home gardens are a veritable cornucopia of plant species used for food and medicines. Current trends place these valuable genetic resources under threat. Sri Lanka’s biodiversity, apart from its intrinsic value as our priceless natural heritage, is important as a storehouse of genes that could be used for improving the quality of cultivated plants and may provide pharmaceuticals of immeasurable value in treating human diseases. A wide range of strategies and corresponding actions have been set out to strengthen the conservation measures now in place, and to introduce new measures where gaps exist, for conserving plant and animal species in forest, wildlife and wetland ecosystems; in croplands; and in ex situ conservation centres.

...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems

Mi ss i o n 2: Sa v i n g t h e Fa u n a , Fl o r a a nd Ec o s y s t e m s

St r a t e g i e s

1. Strengthen policy, legal and institutional framework for biodiversity conservation, including information sharing & networking aspects.

2. Establish optimum Protected Area network and ensure recovery of important threatened species.

3. Conserve and sustainable use flora and fauna outside the protected area network.

4. Establish biodiversity conservation financing mechanisms through biodiversity valuation and economics of conservation.

5. Wise use of genetic resources for agriculture in sustainable manner.

6. Limit access to genetic resources.

7. Preserve traditional knowledge and practices relevant to biodiversity conservation.

8. Integrate and promote research and development on bio-diversity conservation in all sectors.

9. Facilitate sustainable use of biodiversity through benefit sharing mechanisms.

10. Integrate agenda on biodiversity into education and agendas of other related sectors.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR M/E&NR, DWLC, DFC M/E&NR M/E&NR, DWLC, DoA, M/AD&AS, NBGD, NZG M/AD&AS, DoA, M/E&NR, DoAP&H Long Term 2009 -16 s t e m s term 100% 100% 100% 100% y 2009-13 Medium s c o Targets Targets E 50% Term 100% Short 2009 -10 nd a

l o r a , F Baseline a ns Available Available information up to 2008 Draft policy No Network Available National Zoological Act. garden National Botanical Act. Garden Available data n a u c t i o A F e h t

g n Indicators a v i Key Performance Knowledge and research Knowledge and research networks and clearing house mechanism. Quantity and quality of information generated. Policy in place. Information management network established. Rules and guidelines in place. Legislation in place. 2: S n i o ss i M Strategies/Actions Strengthen policy, legal and Strengthen policy, institutional framework for biodiversity conservation, including information sharing & networking aspects. Actions Formulate national policy on biodiversity conservation, including information sharing and networking aspects. Establish & institutionalize bio-diversity information management network. and guidelines Develop rules exsitu operating and starting for conservation centers including the acquisition of specimens for and the re-introduction breeding specimens. of captive-bred of protection the Strengthen domesticated and crop indigenous and resources genetic animal appro through rights farmers -priate legislative mechanism. 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible ME&NR DWLC, DFC, M/E&NR, CEA DWLC, DFC, M/E&NR, DoA, M/AD&AS DWLC, DFC, M/E&NR, DoA, M/AD&AS, NBGD NSF, DFC, DWLC, M/E&NR 32 10 10 10 5% 2% area Long Term 10% of 2009 -16 5 10 2% term 32% of 2009-13 Medium coverage Targets Targets Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline 28% of area 28% of area covered 2 0 25 5% of area 2 No available data No available data Indicators Key Performance Extent of PAs, increased. Extent of PAs, Number of representative ecosystems. plans Number of recovery in place. Number of new hotspots identified. area Extent of protected network. Number of representative Network. ecosystems in PA Number of corridors. areas. Extents of protected Number of recovery and being plans prepared implemented. number of Decreasing species. threatened Further encroachment by 2020. prevented Strategies/Actions Establish optimum Protected network and Area (PA) ensure recovery of important threatened species. Actions Identify critically important biodiversity hotspots in the country outside existing and declare areas protected category these under a relevant and develop representative Network. (PA) Area Protected in Study the status/trends identify need wildlife areas, for wildlife corridors, linkages as an option for species conservation. and implement recovery Prepare species plans for threatened that need special conservation actions. action to relocate effective Take whereever encroachers further possible and prevent of natural forests. encroachment 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible DWLC, M/E&NR DWLC, M/E&NR, M/DM&HR, , DMC, SLSA M/NB&EID DWLC, M/E&NR, DFC, CEA CEA, SLLR&DC, Dis.Secs, Secs, Div. DWLC, DFC, M/E&NR 100% 100% 100% 100% Long Term 2009 -16 50% 40% term 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 95% 20% 15% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline 90% Existing data available 5% 50% Existing conservation plans Indicators Key Performance Number of registered Number of registered domesticated elephants. Number of registered tuskers. in length of Increase electric fencing in place. identified Other measures and implemented. in no. of elephant Decrease deaths and human deaths. of of improvement Area grassland habitats. & Number of rehabilitation of water bodies. construction of invasive of control Area species, length of boundary demarcation. posts. boundary of Number protection Number of fire belts. Follow up on Wetland Conservation Project. Establishment of relevant management committees/ and action working groups underway. Coverage of conservation of wetlands. Strategies/Actions Determine population of domesticated elephants and tuskers. Determine best practices to mitigate animal - human conflicts and implement them. 1. Elephant - Human - Human 2. Crocodile management of Improve by habitat Areas Protected enrichment, boundary and fire demarcation management. Continue wetland conservation plans including implementation of Wetland Management Plans. 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR DWLC, DFC, M/E&NR, NBGD NBGD, M/E&NR, M/AD&AS, DoA NZG, M/E&NR M/E&NR, UDA, NBGD, NZG DWLC, DFC, M/E&NR, STC, M/NB&EID 3 10 20 50% 50% 100% 100% Long Term 2009 -16 40% 40% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 20% 10% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Not available Assessments 2% 1% Programme 2 1 5 Number of to areas be covered Indicators Key Performance Adequate no. of exsitu conservation techniques facilities in place and practiced. Necessary assessments completed and restoration & reintroduction underway. programmes in all Botanic gardens bioclimatic regions. no. of field gene Increased banks. number of Increased exsitu facilities. park biodiversity one least At in each major urban area. programmes Awareness carried out. extent of Increased and reforested afforested, areas. rehabilitated mandate

and

banks

gene

Strategies/Actions field

Conserve and sustainable use flora and fauna outside the protected area network. Actions exsitu requiring species Identify assess conservation measures, their habitats and and restore for their reintroduction. provide botanic gardens Establish more and them to undertake exsitu in biodiversity of conservation of Sri Lanka. all bioclimatic regions Develop capacity of National to engage Zoological Gardens in ex-situ conservation and serve as a programmes for zoological species regulator exsitu centers in general. setting of programme the Expand up urban biodiversity parks education and develop relevant programmes. and awareness for Expand programmes and reforestation afforestation, using rehabilitation, forest indigenous species as far possible. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR DoA, M/AD&AS, NBGD, M/E&NR, UoP DFC, STC, M/E&NR, NBGD, DoA, M/AD&AS M/E&NR M/E&NR, DWLC,DFC M/E&NR, DFC, EDB, M/ED&IT, Ins Ayu. M/E&NR, M/F&P, NPD Long Term 2009 -16 1 1 8 10% 40% 5% 100% 5 3 50% term 2009-13 Medium alternative alternative mechanisms Targets Targets 1 20% Term Short 2009 -10 mechanism Baseline No available data Not available 1 Not available Existing MBIs Not available Existing MBIs Indicators Key Performance Number of centers established. Number of conserved pollinators. Number of soil microorganism communities improved. Adequate no. of threatened including all plant gardens, plant critically endangered species. Contribution to the GDP. Number of innovative financing mechanisms developed. bio-prospecting of Number programs. increase GDP Percentage natural products. from Number of incentive & schemes removed economic instruments introduced.

Strategies/Actions Establish domesticated animal centers. genetic resource Conserve pollinators and their habitats. the soil microorganism Improve communities for Sustainable productivity. agriculture plant Establish threatened especially for critically gardens, plant species. endangered conserv biodiversity Establish mechanisms financing -ation valuation biodiversity through and economics of conservation. Actions Develop innovative financing mechanisms to generate sustainable self-financing for biodiversity conservation. Develop and implement bio- with programmes prospecting institutions established relevant institutional support. and strong Identify and introduce economic appropriate and remove instruments incentives for the previous biodiversity conservation. 3.6 3.7 3.8 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR, M/F&P, NPD M/RI&SEP, DoA, AS, M/AD& M/TMDC&CA, M/NB&EID M/AD&AS DoA, M/AD&AS, M/E&NR DoA, M/AD&AS DoA, M/AD&AS M/E&NR M/E&NR, DoA, M/AD&AS 8 5% 5% 40% 25% 30% Long Term Set of Set of 2009 -16 provinces provinces regulation regulation 6 2% 2% 10% 20% 10% term 2009-13 Medium provinces Targets Targets 2 5% 5% 15% Term Short 2009 -10 Available Available provinces provinces set of draft Baseline Not available Existing Industries 10% 2% Not available 0.5% Existing mechanism Not available Indicators Key Performance Data Base maintained and biodiversity contribution to GDP quantified. Coverage. Number of industries identified. Number of industries supported. number of foreigners. Increase Coverage. conserved and Genetic resources utilized. bio-diversity. agro New niche from Coverage. species identified Number of crop and recorded. and relatives Number of crops mapped genetically. material. parent of diversity of Index mechanisms in regulatory Required place and implemented. of regulations, Availability guidelines and mechanisms.

Strategies/Actions Develop and maintain database on value of biodiversity, undertake valuation studies and quantify the biodiversity contribution to GDP. Investigate eco-friendly income generating cottage industries and and agro-industries, develop their transport and marketing systems. use of genetic resources Wise for agriculture in sustainable manner. Actions Identify and conserve and food crops underutilized of crops. wild relatives Carry out genome mapping of relatives. wild their and crops food genetic diversity of Increase varieties. crop improved Limit access to genetic resources. Actions Develop regulations, and guidelines & procedures, benefit sharing mechanisms for access to genetic resources. 4.4 4.5 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 6. 6.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR M/E&NR M/E&NR, PGIAr, M/AD&AS, Universities, M/NB&EID M/E&NR, PGIAr, M/CA M/E&NR DWLC, MASL, M/I&WM, DFC, DoA, M/AD&AS, M/E&NR Long Term 100% 100% 2009 -16 methods coverage Preservation Preservation implemented 60% 50% term reports reports 2009-13 Gazette Medium Research Research coverage available Targets Targets 20% 10% Sites Term Short Draft 100% in key sectors 2009 -10 initiated Research coverage identified regulations regulations Baseline Available information Existing practices Existing practices Existing practices Available Research reports Existing regulations Indicators Key Performance All necessary consultative meetings completed. Methods implemented and practiced. important Traditionally ecological sites & associated knowledge protected. Methods used. Number of practices mobilized. Coverage. Number of research findings applied in conservation. Regulations in place. Strategies/Actions Develop and implement a including consultative process public consultation, on mechanisms for regulatory access to genetic resources. Preserve traditional knowledge and practices relevant to biodiversity conservation. Actions Identify and preserve traditionally important ecological sites, indigenous people and associated knowledge. Mobilize and develop cultural practices and traditional to biodiversity. wisdom related Integrate and promote research and development on bio-diversity conservation in all sectors. Actions Regulate harvesting of native organisms. freshwater 6.2 7. 7.1 7.2 8. 8.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible DWLC, MASL, DoA, M/AD&AS, M/E&NR DWLC, DFC, M/L&LD DWLC, M/E&NR, DOA, M/AD&AS M/E&NR, Universities, DOA, M/AD&AS M/E&NR, Universities DWLC, Universities M/E&NR, Universities DOA, M/AD&AS 2% 5% 60% 100% Long Term 2009 -16 coverage 1% 2% 40% 60% term 100% reports reports 2009-13 Medium Research Research coverage 5 research 5 research Targets Targets 5 5% 1% 1% 20% Term -logy Short of key 2009 -10 methodo Coverage areas 10% areas Report on Initiatives Baseline identified Research to be areas covered Not available Not available Existing reports and gaps to be Areas covered Existing to be areas covered (2008) to be Areas Indicators Key Performance Reduction in areas of Reduction in areas of invasive alien spread species. initiated. All programmes in this research Increased field. revision Taxonomic underway. Status & capacity of bio-depositories upgraded as necessary. in this research Increased field. research. promote to Methods reports. Research initiated. Research Strategies/Actions impacts and determining efficient methods for their management. Initiate national level of plant taxonomic revision and animal species through with collaborative research institutions and experts foreign and Upgrade the status capacity of bio-depositories to on taxonomy. facilitate research interdisciplinary Promote that focuses on plant- research animal interaction. about Conducting research Wildlife. and Initiate research on monitoring programmes impacts of climate change and on biodiversity. natural hazards Ensure management and Ensure of invasive alien control species. to identify Initiate programmes degraded and rehabilitate critical habitats. on invasive research Promote alien species, with particular focus on documenting their 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR, Universities M/E&NR, IUCN, DOA, M/AD&AS M/E&NR DWLC, M/E& NR, DFC, M/TMDC&CA, DOA, M/AD &AS DWLC, M/E& NR, DFC, DoA, M/AD&AS, M/RI&SEP 10% Long Term 100% reports 2009 -16 Assessment Assessment 5% 60% 60% term 100% reports 2009-13 Medium Assessment Assessment Targets Targets 2% 10% 10% Term Short project 2009 -10 Finalized proposals Baseline Not available Existing list Existing mechanism and gaps 2% Not available mechanisms Indicators sharing Key Performance Research initiated. Research Red List prepared. covered. Area and accepted Agreed benefit in place and practiced. Coverage. Database available, including information ex-situ on income from conservation. Number of assessment studies. Strategies/Actions Initiate island wide survey of biodiversity in managed landscapes, including home and urban areas gardens, agricultural systems. Assess the conservation status of all taxonomy in Sri Lanka complete Red and prepare Fauna List of Threatened and Flora of Sri Lanka. Facilitate sustainable use of biodiversity through benefit sharing mechanisms. Actions Develop a database on harvesting levels and exsitu cultivation of medicinal plants, aquatic ornamentals and other horticultural species. Assess viability of production principal wild from food plants, identifying distribution, socio-economic impacts, harvesting levels and sustainability issues. 8.9 8.10 9. 9.1 9.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems DFC, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR DWLC, FDC, CEA, M/E&NR STC, DFC, CEA, M/E&NR, DoAP&H, Ins Ayu. M/UD&SAD, DWLC, M/E&NR M/Tourism, DWLC, M/NB&EID, DFC, M/E&NR DWLC, 30% with Long Term 100% increase 2009 -16 ecological conservation

20% with term 100% 2009-13 increase schemes Medium Incentive Incentive ecological conservation

Targets Targets 20% 10% with 100% Term Short increase schemes 2009 -10 available Incentive ecological conservation Baseline Existing schemes Protected to be areas covered Not available Protected to be areas developed Data 2008 Indicators Key Performance Incentive schemes being implemented in all relevant Court cases on illegal areas, collection. firewood At least one case study for area. every protected Coverage. rate of conversion Increased efficiency. of new Introduction technology. waste % applications of zero concept. and water Buildings, roads where bodies rehabilitated necessary. Communication equipment needs satisfied. tourism. Annual income through visitors. Number of foreign Number of local visitors. Number of visitor centers. Number of camp sites. Ecological conservation. taken. measures Strategies/Actions Plan and implement a mecha incentives for -nism to provide establishment of community of high bio- woodlots near areas extraction minimize and diversity such areas. from of firewood areas Monitor protected that continuously to ensure sustainable, especially uses are pollution and disturbance excessive and vehicles by caused visitors in fragile ecosystems. the efficiency of Improve conversion of raw materials to of all biological final products including natural products medicinal plants timber, and other non-timber forest products. in Develop the infrastructure areas. the protected Eco- Tourism. Promote 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 2: Saving the Fauna, Flora and Ecosystems Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible DWLC, M/E&NR, M/NB&EID M/E&NR M/E&NR, M/E M/E&NR, M/E Long Term 2009 -16 Programmes term 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Programmes Programmes Targets Targets 10% 20% 20% Term Short 2009 -10 Programmes Programmes Baseline Existing data Existing coverage and gaps Existing linkages Available data Indicators Key Performance Number of Programmes Number of Programmes developed. planning Number of micro implemented. Biodiversity conservation incorporated aspects are in curricula at all stages of study. Mechanism established. Monitoring reports. Coverage. and Manuals, brochures booklets available in school libraries & bookshops. Coverage. Strategies/Actions Improve livelihood of Improve communities surrounding dependency reducing thereby resources. area on protected Integrate agenda on and education into biodiversity agendas of other related sectors. Actions Establish a mechanism to link educational institutes with biodiversity conservation agencies and departments. manuals, brochures, Prepare and booklets to support capacity building efforts on and public awareness and make them biodiversity, available in school libraries and bookshops. 9.8 10. 10.1 10.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change

Mi ss i o n 3: Me e t i n g t h e Ch a l l e n g e s o f Cl i m a t e Ch a n g e

Pr e a m b l e

Member states of the United Nations adopted the Framework Convention on Climate Change in May 1992. In so doing they acknowledged that human activities are continually discharging greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere – gases that are progressively causing global warming by trapping the earth’s heat. Carbon dioxide causes the highest impact; the others are methane, oxides of nitrogen and chlorofluorocarbons. Besides the direct impact of the rise in temperature on plant and animal life, global warming will cause perturbations in the earth’s weather patterns and a rise in sea level. Alterations in weather patterns are generally expected to increase rainfall in wet areas and exacerbate water shortages in dry areas. Sea level rise will occur due to the melting of polar ice sheets and a decrease in the snow cover in mountainous regions as well as the expansion of ocean water bodies. That human induced global warming will occur is now inevitable, but its scale will depend on the extent to which the global community, particularly the developed countries, will adopt measures to restrict the emission of greenhouse gases. Sea level rise will have a major impact in the coastal areas of Sri Lanka where a high proportion of the population lives. Dwellings, public utilities, many hotels that cater to the tourist industry and a range of infrastructures will fall victims to the advancing sea. Climate change will have a wide range of adverse impacts. The incidence of vector-borne diseases is expected to increase; harmful insect pests in the dry zone, benefiting from the rise in temperature, will grow in abundance; people in the dry zone will experience more prolonged dry weather and more severe water shortages; and the fauna in the dry zone forests, including those in the national parks, will experience shortages of food and water. On the other hand wet zone will experience increased rainfall creating flooding and associated land sliding in the hill county. Regarding agriculture, the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide will increase yields up to a critical level if the temperature were to remain constant, but this potential increase will be offset by the negative effect of the increased ambient temperature which will decrease yields. Although not a significant contributor to global warming, Sri Lanka has mapped out a series of actions to play its part in addressing this global problem. These include a wide range of actions to reduce the output of GHGs in the transport, industrial and energy sectors and increasing forestation which will serve as a means of carbon sequestration. In order to combat the effects of global warming many strategies and corresponding actions have been proposed. These include carrying out health surveillance and identifying high risk areas in relation to human health as a result of predicted climate change and upgrading control measures; identifying species and varieties of crop plants that would respond positively to increased ambient temperature and higher levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide; adopting appropriate land and crop management technologies; promoting rain water harvesting in the dry zone; discouraging building construction in vulnerable sections of the sea coast; and enhancing Sri Lanka’s capacity to engage in carbon trading.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change

Mi ss i o n 3: Me e t i n g t h e Ch a l l e n g e s o f Cl i m a t e Ch a n g e

St r a t e g i e s

1. Establish country specific policies and action plans to counter adverse climate change impacts.

2. Promote the use of economically viable, environment friendly, renewable energy resources, with emphasis on non-conventional energy resources.

3. Optimize energy consumption through energy efficiency in enterprises and promoting substitution of fossil fuels by renewable energies in economic and production sectors.

4. Promote supply side & end use energy efficiency.

5. Promote carbon sequestration.

6. Promote Integrated waste management.

7. Identify Infrastructure vulnerability to climate change.

8. Ensure that land use zoning reduces vulnerability to adverse impacts of climate change.

9. Make rain water harvesting at site level mandatory.

10. Take adaptive measures expecting an increase of vectors.

11. Establish Food Security in the face of climate change threats.

12. Develop and adopt energy saving technologies in agriculture.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR M/E&NR, Climate Change Secretariat M/E&NR, Change Climate Secretariat M/E&NR, Climate Change Secretariat M/E&NR, Climate Change Secretariat Long Term 2009 -16 g e n a h term 100% 100% 2009-13 C Medium Targets Targets 40% 40% 100% 100% 100% Term Short l i m a t e 2009 -10 C f o

s g e Baseline n ns NACCC 2008 decision Initial National communicatiion 2000 Draft CDM policy to be reviewed 2009 Cabinet paper directing development of action plan 2008 Project initiated 2008 a l l e c t i o h A C e h t

g n Indicators Key Performance e e t i All necessary national polices and action plans developed. Action National Policy and Plan in place. National Policy on CDM established. Action Plan in SAARC place. Second National Communica-tion prepared. 3: M n i o ss i M Strategies/Actions Establish country specific policies and action plans to counter adverse climate change impacts. Actions Develop the National Policy Action Plan on Climate and Change for Sri Lanka. Develop the National Policy on Clean Development Mechanism to promote financially not feasible sustainable development in Sri Lanka. programs Establish the SAARC action plan on climate change to perspective a regional provide to climate change issues. Develop the second national communication as per the country obligations under the UNFCCC. 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change

M/P&E, M/P&E, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR, Climate Change Secretariat M/E&NR, Climate Change Secretariat M/E&NR, Climate Change Secretariat M/P&E SEA, Pvt. Sector SEA, Pvt. Sector, SLCF 100 400 2016 Long Term 10% by 2009 -16 (Additional) onal) i 64 250 term 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium (Addit Targets Targets 24 200 45% 50% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 (Additional) Baseline Preliminary inventory available 2000 Sri Lanka Fund Carbon established 2008 Not available 4.80% SEA established 1365 projects 12 surveys undertaken Indicators Key Performance The Green House Gas The Green Inventory available. Number of CERs facilitated by the Sri Lanka Carbon Fund. on awareness Increased climate change and CDM. in the 20% increase energy renewable of the percentage national grid. Number of mini/micro facilitated. projects hydro Number of feasibility studies implemented. Priortisinng on the basis of countries potential. Strategies/Actions Develop the National Green Green National the Develop House Gas Inventory for Sri Lanka. Enhance capacity of the Sri lanka Carbon Fund to engage in the enhance and trading Carbon CDM National the of capacities in consultants local and Centers CDM. national awareness Increase on climate change impacts and CDM. economically of use the Promote viable, environment friendly, renewable energy resources, with emphasis on non- conventional energy resources. Actions mini/micro Promote projects. hydropower other renewable Promote such as dendro, sources energy ocean wind, waves, solar, thermal electric conversion (OTEC), wastes to energy, sewage, etc. biogas from 1.5 1.6 1.7 2. 2.1 2.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change M/P&E, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS M/P&E M/S&T SEA, M/S&T, M/P&E, M/E&NR SEA, M/E&NR, M/P&E M/S&T, M/NB&EID MREAP/ TAARP-B SEA, Pvt. Sector, SLCF 10% 50% 2015 1000 Long Term 172000 10% by 2009 -16 gassifiers (Additional) 3% 600 15% 2010 term 100% 3% by 215000 2009-13 Medium gassifiers 7 by 2013 (Additional) Targets Targets 2% 6% 300 Term Short 43,000 2009 -10 gassifiers (Additional) Baseline 1% Not Available 3% (several projects initiated) 17,000 gassifiers Court case pending 5000 households. Technology available. Available data Indicators Key Performance Number of systems introduced. Benchmarked industries. consumption of Reduction fuels for of petroleum industrial heat. by of Oil replaced Tons gassifiers. Reduction in fossil fuel used for transport. Number of household units using biogas. Popularity for hot water boilers. gasification

wood

use

Strategies/Actions Introduce solar power irrigation irrigation power solar Introduce systems. consumption energy Optimize through energy efficiency in promoting and enterprises by fuels fossil of substitution economic in energies renewable and production sectors. Actions fuel based petroleum Replace by Gliricidia fuel wood for industrial heat. Promote technology. use of alternatePromote transport fuel technologies emissions GHG reduce that of place in (e.g.LPG/bio-fuels & diesel). petrol biogas use forPromote household cooking and lighting. boilers water hot Promote instead of steam boilers. 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change M/E&NR M/P&E, M/P&E Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible SEA, Pvt. Sector, SLCF M/P&E SEA, M/E&NR DFC, DFC, M/E&NR, Pvt. Sector RRI, Estate managements, M/AD&AS 50 50% 2017 6000 Long Term 1693t 100% 100% 500 by 2009 -16 ha/year 6 422t 20% 50% 4000 Loss term 2009-13 by 2013 to13.5% reduced ha/year Medium 6 in 2013 6 in 2013 Targets Targets 3 Term GWh Short 2 loss 513.25 2009 -10 2 projects 2 projects reduction Baseline Projects already initiated 0 517 15.7% Studies available National policy on CDM available Sri Lanka Kyoto to party 2010 protocol 800 ha/year CDM policy 2010 practices

Indicators agronomic

Key Performance Fuel saving. Number of labeled Intensity appliances (Energy SDR). Toe/million Electricity transmission & distribution loss (%). labels Number of Energy introduced. Number of projects implemented under CDM afforestation input to increase and reforestation. developed projects of Number for implementation through REDD initiatives. and Extent of afforested land through reforested sustainability by improved CDM. Data available on carbon fixation like rubber. with crop Strategies/Actions Adoption of fuel switching to water heating by introducing bio-mass boilers. Promote supply side & end use energy efficiency. Actions labels of Energy Introduction and man scale awareness. Promote carbon sequestration. Actions Conserve existing carbon pools such as forests. the size of carbon Increase and pool by reforestation of degraded afforestation croplands marginal forests, and waste lands. practices Adopt agronomic in cultivation species such as etc. rubber 3.6 4. 4.1 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/LG&PC CEA, LAs, M/LG&PC, M/E&NR DOA, M/AD&AS M/UD&SAD UDA, M/UD&SAD, LAs, M/LG&PC M/UD&SAD, RDA, UDA 10% Long Term 100% 100% 100% 2009 -16 4% 50% 50% 55% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 3% 30% Term 100% 100% Short 2009 -10 Baseline Available waste Available management systems NPSWM available and implementation initiated 2% of total available Available infrastructure facilities Building guidelines available Urban development guidelines available Indicators Key Performance Proper waste Proper management systems practiced. Number of waste management projects implemented with CDM financing. Number of farms using. Priority infrastructure under risk identified. Relevant planning guidelines in place. Regulations in place. Strategies/Actions Promote integrated waste management. Actions Establish solid and liquid waste with management programs to reduce measures appropriate emission of methane and use the financial CDM to improve feasibility and long term viability of the projects. and Compost production Agriculture. utilization for Identify Infrastructure vulnerability to climate change. Actions of Discourage construction buildings forming barriers along the sea coast and encourage of wind corridors creation perpendicular to the sea. planting along Make shade tree and urban public urban streets parks systems with at least 50% cover mandatory in all tree of low and mid-country areas the country and use of CDM the long financing to improve term sustainability of projects. 6. 6.1 6.2 7. 7.1 7.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/UD&SAD, RDA M/UD&SAD NPPD, UDA, M/UD&SAD M/UD&SAD M/NB&EID/ TAARP-B/ TAARP-E M/NB&EID M/NB&EID/ NECORD II/ Gamanaguma Programme, M/H&N 45% Long Term 100% 100% 2009 -16 25% 60% 50% term 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 50% 50% 10% 20% 20% Term 100% Short 2009 -10 Baseline Capacity available Available land on data use zoning NACCC established with a mandate Available systems Activities already initiated Existing Measures Few studies already available Indicators Key Performance Report on infrastructure Report on infrastructure vulnerability. National Physical Plan and Urban Development Plans concern. this integrating truly Report on vulnerability available. harvesting water rain Making systems mandatory. Number of houses using rain water harvesting systems. taken. Measures Number of high risk areas identified. Number of programs introduced.

Strategies/Actions Make rain water harvesting at site level mandatory. Actions Establish systems at the houses in the dry zone and other areas for good quality rain water harvesting. expecting measures adaptive Take an increase of vectors. Actions with Identify high risk areas climate to predicted respect change impacts and upgrade programs. vector control Undertake infrastructure Undertake infrastructure vulnerability assessment study. Ensure that land use zoning reduces vulnerability to adverse impacts of climate change. Actions Implement an islandwide climate change vulnerability initiating assessment exercise, with in highly vulnerable areas such as coastal and low lying. 7.3 8. 8.1 9. 9.1 10. 10.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/H&N M/AD&AS RRI , M/AD&AS DoA, M/AD&AS, Farmers DoA, M/AD&AS, Farmers, M/NB&EID DoA, M/AD&AS, Farmers 2% 25% 90% Long Term 100% 100% 2009 -16 1% 3% 60% 20% 60% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 2% 20% 15% 40% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline M/Health has necessary net working for surveillances Not available 0.5% 0.5% 10% 30% Indicators Key Performance Improved systems to Improved detect changes in health condition. Action plan of food security implemented. and developed Number of varieties identified. cultivatedNumber of hectares with such varieties. Coverage. Identification and application of better technologies. New cultivation patterns identified and introduced. . 2 Strategies/Actions Increase health surveillance by Increase health authorities in more to monitor vulnerable provinces diseases. related heat of increase Establish Food Security in the face of climate change threats. Actions Select high yielding, improved climate change resistant rice varieties and those that to positively responsive are elevated CO Use of ultra short term varieties that tolerate biotic and abiotic stress. Adopt suitable land and crop management technologies. Adjust rain fed farming to rainfall variations-cultivation of short duration paddy in the season and long duration Yala paddy in the Maha season. 10.2 11. 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible DoA, M/AD&AS, Farmers DoA, M/AD&AS RCD DoA, M/AD&AS, Farmers, DoA 5% 20% 25% Long Term 100% 2009 -16 2% 15% 15% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 1% 10% 10% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline 10% 1% Studies available 5% Indicators Key Performance Changes made by farmers patterns and crops in crop cultivated. system in place. Forecasting Cultivation of climate varieties by adjusted rubber planters. Changes made to cropping calendar by farmers & home considering gardeners climate change. Strategies/Actions Adjust crop seasons to suit new Adjust crop climate, e.g. certain climatic con- of the ditions favour outbreak Plant Hopper (BPH) in the Brown low country dry zone - adapt practices changes in agronomic in paddy cultivation such as advancing the time of cultivation introducing May to March, from varieties and use of pest resisting insecticides. recommended Establish a surveillance and system. forecasting genotypes to suit Select rubber Clones environments- different 217 are 215 and RRISL RRISL highly stable overall with a high mean performance and not as sensitive to changes are conditions. in environmental RRIC 100 is the most suitable with low rainfall clone for areas 2004). (Withanage, Adjust cultivation timing in - the cropping home gardens to calendar should be altered match the simulated cropping to minimize calendar in order irrigation water demand for crops. 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 3: Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change

Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS DoA, M/AD&AS, DoEA DoA, M/AD&AS, DoEA DoA, M/AD&AS DoA, M/AD&AS, M/NB&EID 5% 3% 2% 2% use 25% Long Term energy 2009 -16 2% use 20% term 0.5% 0.1% 0.1% energy 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 1% use 15% 0.1% Term Short 0.05% 0.05% energy 2009 -10 Baseline 1% 0.005% 0.005% 10% 0.005% use energy Indicators Key Performance Energy saving technologies Energy developed and adopted in agriculture. under such area Percent uses. Number of units in use. Coverage. area/farms Percent adopting such techniques. use for Reduction in energy irrigation. Strategies/Actions Develop and adopt energy saving technologies in agriculture. Actions Switch to fuel efficient agro-mechanization. renewable Introduce use, e.g. solar power energy technology for irrigation and - processing. agro and residue Recycle crop farm waste. rainwater low energy Promote harvesting technologies. 12. 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around

Mi ss i o n 4: Wi s e Us e o f t h e Co a s t a l Be l t a nd t h e Se a Ar o u nd

Pr e a m b l e

Many parts of the coastal belt are densely populated. Fisheries, manufacturing, tourism and many service activities are highly concentrated in the coastal zone, and in 2004 it was estimated that the coastal zone contributed 44% to the national GDP. With the high concentration of economic activities in the coastal area, there is an overwhelming need to take action to maintain the integrity of the environment. The fishery industry is foremost among the many economic activities that use the resources of the coastal belt and the surrounding sea. The marine fish resources are found in the coastal waters that overlie the continental shelf and in the deep sea beyond. Around a million people depend on the fishing industry for their livelihood, and fish constitutes an important protein intake of the population . The vast bulk of fish production comes from the coastal waters. As a result of the sharp increase in the frequency and intensity of near shore fishing and the common failure to apply proper fishing technologies fish stocks have got depleted. Besides fish species, lobsters, crabs, prawns, cuttle fish and holothurians form an important part of the harvest. Many species are now on the point of being endangered due to over- exploitation. Other economic activities involving the use of natural resources are coral mining for lime production, capturing of live ornamental fish mainly for export, and sand collection from the beaches and sand dunes. These activities, at current levels of exploitation, are environmentally damaging. Tourism in Sri Lanka is based, to a considerable extent, in the coastal belt, the main attraction being the sandy beaches, coastal waters, and lagoons and estuaries. Many of the tourist hotels are located in close proximity to the beaches. Maintaining the natural beauty of the coastal environment is vital to sustaining this industry. Sea erosion is a serious problem in some sections of the coast. This problem is aggravated by the destruction of coral reefs and by sand mining both in the beach and in river beds. River bed mining reduces sand nourishment of the beaches and so promotes coastal erosion. The tsunami of 2004 led to many programmes aimed at attaining sustainability in coastal and marine resources management suffering a serious setback. Safeguarding the coastal belt and the near shore areas is of critical importance to the continuing development of the country. The coastal fishing grounds will have to be given protection by increasing production from the deep sea and inland sources and reducing the catch from coastal waters. Better fishing techniques have to be used. Special measures based on scientific studies will have to be adopted to conserve endangered species. Reduction in post-harvest losses could make a significant impact on the sustainable management of these resources. Fishery management plans will have to be implemented with the participation of the fishing community. The coastal zone management plan has to be put into full effect, with emphasis on protecting vulnerable parts of the coast from erosion, relocating communities where necessary to maintain a healthy coastal zone environment; and effectively preventing pollution.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around

Mi ss i o n 4: Wi s e Us e o f t h e Co a s t a l Be l t a nd t h e Se a Ar o u nd

St r a t e g i e s

1. Develop marine & inland fisheries in an ecologically sustainable manner.

2. Develop and rehabilitate the coastal belt conserving its natural resources and minimize vulnerability to natural hazards.

3. Stabilize eroding coastal stretches using soft solutions such as coastal resources & habitat rehabilitation to the maximum level.

4. Promote environmentally friendly fishing practices in place of harmful fishing practices.

5. Prevent Coastal and marine pollution through appropriate measures.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/F&AR M/F&AR, CCD M/F&AR, DoF, M/NB&EID M/F&AR, DoF, NARA, M/E&NR 40% Long Term nd 2009 -16 r o u A 20% 2011 term 100% 12 by 2009-13 Medium e a S e h 10% 50% Term 100% t Short

Targets Targets 2009 -10 nd a

e l t Baseline B Applications Available 9 Available data 2008 Available data t a l ns s o a c t i o C A e h t

f o

Indicators e s Key Performance U e s i Sustainable development of marine and inland fisheries ensuring by 5% annually increase production and 65% by 2035. taken to ensure Measures sustainability. introduced. applications of Number Number of SAM Plans implemented. Number of applications introduced sustainability. to ensure inland from production Increased fisheries. Number of applications introduced ecological sustainability. to ensure conducted. programmes Awarness groups Number of target addressed. 4: W n i o ss i M Strategies/Actions Develop marine & inland fisheries in an ecologically sustainable manner. Actions Implement SAM Plans to ensure with measures sustainability. & facilitate inland Promote to reduce fisheries in order exploitation of marine habitat in an ecological sustainable manner. to necessary measures Take conserve the endangered awareness species by creating among the fishermen and stakeholders. relevant 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/F&AR, NARA DoF, M/F&AR, NARA DoF, M/F&AR, NAQDA, DoF M/F&AR, DoF M/F&AR, DoF M/F&AR, DoF 75% Long Term 100% 2009 -16 term 100% 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium 40% 30% Term Short Targets Targets 2009 -10 Baseline Existing Practices on suruey Present identified species. 403 coastal and 415 inland fisheries societies Not available 10 30% Indicators Key Performance Area covered. covered. Area Number of surveys conducted. the number of Increase fisheries societies. Number of Long liners introduced. number of Increase fishing vessels for fishing. offshore Reduce post harvest losses. Strategies/Actions for fishing. closed areas Conduct fish stock surveys at intervals to ensure appropriate sustainability of the ecosystem. co-management for Introduce inland and coastal fisheries so that those engaged in fishing will, on their initiative, adopt fishing practices responsible the resources. and protect long line fishing Introduce technology to engage fishing to reduce in order in offshore the over exploitation of coastal water. Encourage multi day fishing vessels to fishing in high seas the over to reduce in order exploitation of coastal water. better designs for Introduce post to reduce boats in order harvest losses and waste of fish resources. Adopt measures to conserve Adopt measures through the resources establishing closed seasons and 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/F&AR M/F&AR, CCD, NPPD, UDA, NARA M/F&AR , CCD, UDA M/F&AR M/F&AR, CCD M/F&AR, CCD 2016 Long Term 100% 100% 100% 100% 2009 -16 100% by 50% 50% 40% 2013 term 60% by 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 25% 25% 2010 2010 Term Short 25% by 2009 -10 Baseline some coastal and regional urban development plans in place Available data Existing eroding coastal stretches Data available 2008 (08km) data Available 2008 (18km revertments, groynes, 2.06km 0.3km gabian boxes) Existing area covered 1997 CZMP, conflicts user of Indicators Key Performance Reduction among fishermen. Minimum, well-integrated coastal protection of & restoration structures coastal landscapes where necessary. Area Covered. Area Relevant zoning plans & revised/prepared gazetted. Relocation projects formulated and successfully completed. Covered. Area Strategies/Actions Develop and rehabilitate the the rehabilitate and Develop its conserving belt coastal minimize and resources natural vulnerability to natural hazards. Actions Revise Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) & physical plans, regional relevant and expedite gazetting of coastal Urban Development Plans area not yet gazetted. communities Identify & relocate /activities incompatible with zoning plans. Stabilize eroding coastal stretches using soft solutions such as coastal resources & habitat rehabilitation to the maximum level. Actions Implement artificial beach nourishment measures. coastal protection Construct essential only where structures with zoning in accordance without degrading regulations, and the visual environment, visually degraded areas restore by earlier structures. 2. 2.1 2.2 3. 3.1 3.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/F&AR, CCD, CEA, NGOs & CBOs, DoF, M/NB&EID, SLTB, M/Tourism, M/DM&HR M/F&AR, Police, CCD, DWLC, GSMB M/F&AR, Police, CCD, DWLC, GSMB M/F&AR, CCD, NARA CCD, DoF CCD, RDA M/F&AR M/F&AR, NARA, DoF, Universities, CCD Long Term 100% 100% 100% 2009 -16 50% 80% term 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium 25% 35% 40% Targets Targets Term 100% 100% Short 2009 -10 Baseline 90km 29 raids per year 30 raids per year Information system in Place 100ha 33 System available Existing data Indicators Key Performance Increased area of coastal area Increased Sea erosion. Prevent forest Number of raids reduced. Demands for alternative for lime increased. sources Number of control applied. measures Demands for alternative for sand increased. sources data & information Proper available. Covered. Area Number of access roads. Zonation in place. Surveillance system and in place. responses Database available at district level. Strategies/Actions Expand the green belt on the Expand the green coastline with the participation and sustainable use of communities/coastal inhabitants. coral mining in Prevent damaging reefs. Strictly manage sand mining in an ecologically sustainable manner. Establish and maintain coastal information systems. belt Establishment of green within the coastal zone. Development of beach access. environmentally Promote friendly fishing practices in place practices. fishing harmful of Actions Establish a data base on harmful fishing practices on a district basis and assess their impact on marine biodiversity. 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4. 4.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/F&AR, DoF, CCD, NARA, M/NB&EID/ REPSI M/F&AR, DoF, Police, CCD, M/NB&EID/ NECCDEP/ REPSI/ NEHRP M/F&AR, DoF, Police, CCD M/F&AR, NARA, Universities, NSF M/F&AR, DoF, CCD, NARA, Universities M/AD&AS, DoA, Long Term 2009 -16 80% term 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 20% 40% 50% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Fishery management gazette area available Available data Available data Data on marine Mammals Data on threatened species Available data Indicators fishing techniques

Key Performance Fishery management area Fishery management area gazette available. Number of fisheries formed. societies cooperative Number of complaints on illegal and harmful fishing activities reduced. Number of raids increased. available. Study reports No further catch & sale of species. threatened environment of Number friendly adopted. Number of awareness conducted. programmes groups. Number of target Strategies/Actions Introduce community based Introduce management systems to control harmful fishing practices. support for fishermen Provide engaged in harmful activities to change their fishing activities. of enforcement Strengthen on illegal fishing. regulations Initiate studies to estimate the mammals marine of stocks wild Sri Lanka and assess around the impacts of by-catch on wild population. to prevent Conduct awareness catch & sale of the flesh species. threatened Develop environmentally friendly and cost effective vessels, fishing fishing gear, techniques and practices, create among fishermen awareness application of and promote these practices. 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/F&AR M/F&AR, CCD CCD, MEPA, M/NB&EID/ NECCDEP/ TAARP-B M/F&AR, DoF, NARA, M/Tourism, SLTB M/Tourism, SLTB 90% 80% Long Term 2009 -16 50% 40% term 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 10% 40% Term 100% Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing legal frame work and Existing conservation practices Existing Management Plan Available data Available data 2008 Regulations in Place Indicators Key Performance Legal framework developed and implemented. Conservation measures practiced and monitored. Management system in place. of law Incidents of breach reduced. Natural eco-systems restored. covered. Area farms Fish culture increased. Demand for natural stock decreased. Regulations in place. Reduction of pollution in covered. coastal area Strategies/Actions Prevent coastal and marine pollution through appropriate measures. Actions of Implement the provisions the Coastal Zone Management Plan and other coastal related laws and regulations. Rehabilitate the coastal and affected marine environment by Tsunami. of marine the culture Promote and brackish water fish including ornamental fish to on natural pressure reduce stocks in an ecological sound manner. laws and regulations Introduce which are to the structures functioning in the Tourism activities on the related beaches. 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 4: Wise Use of the Coastal Belt and Sea Around

Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/F&AR, CCD, UDA, M/Tourism, SLTB M/F&AR, DoF, M/AD&AS MEPA 80% Long Term 2009 -16 40% term 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 40% 50% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Available data Existing Systams Not available Indicators Key Performance Change from Change from environmentally detrimental livelihoods to alternative ones, sometimes of involving relocation families living in the coastal areas. Fish waste management and disposal system established. taken. measures Preventive Strategies/Actions Introduce alternative Introduce pressure livelihoods to reduce on the coastal and marine environment. Develop/introduce friendly and environmentally economically viable fish waste disposal systems. disposal of hazardous Prevent waste including oil effluents into and untreated by aquatic environment and systems existing improving developing new systems. 5.5 5.6 5.7

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources

Mi ss i o n 5: Re sp o ns i b l e Us e o f t h e La nd Re s o u r c e s

Pr e a m b l e

For over two millennia, Sri Lanka’s society has been agrarian based. During the time of Sri Lanka’s ancient, famed hydraulic civilization, the rulers, while promoting agricultural development, recognized the importance of proper use of the land. In the undulating landscape of the dry zone, different areas were appropriately set apart for cultivation, for settlements, and for retention in forest cover. The changes that have taken place subsequently, mainly the birth of the crop plantation sector, the growth of the industrial sector, and the rapid rise in population with the consequential emergence of a wide range of social issues have led to a situation where the country’s vital land resource began to be heavily over- exploited, leading to land degradation. In the agricultural landscape, paddy cultivation is the dominant feature and it has expanded considerably with the establishment of many major irrigation schemes. The tea, rubber and coconut plantations are next in importance. Chena cultivation, mainly in the dry zone, and vegetable gardens in the mid- and up-country contribute substantially to the food requirements of the people. In the industrial sector, the land resource is the base for the extraction of many different minerals. Strategies and actions for fulfilling the mission have to focus on the many issues relating to the different forms of land use. It is the agricultural sector that requires the greatest attention. Land improvement measures have to be adopted on an extensive scale to correct past malpractices. Improved land preparation and efficient irrigation and plant nutrient management practices have to be put into effect. The vegetable, potato and tobacco cultivations and the neglected tea lands in the hill country should be the target for the adoption of strict soil conservation measures for protecting the land as well as preventing the silting of downstream reservoirs. The scientific capability has to be strengthened and effectively used to support the farmer in a variety of ways such as for proper crop selection, for promoting the use of crop and animal species that are resistant to pests and diseases, for adopting soil conservation measures, and by providing soil testing facilities. With the possibility of increased drought conditions resulting from climate change, there is need to develop drought resistant crop varieties. Chena cultivation causes continuing soil degradation and has to be replaced by a more productive and stable farming system. Action needs to be taken to establish a forest cover in degraded and neglected cultivated land, particularly in upper watershed areas. Action will also be taken to improve management practices in natural forests and forest plantations. In the mining sector, sand collection, particularly from river beds, will be strictly controlled. Measures will be taken to find alternatives to river sand and for a greater use of off shore sand for building construction. In all mining operations (e.g. gem mining) action will be taken to ensure that mined sites are rehabilitated. The review of all land related laws and regulations with a view to strengthening their effectiveness in addressing land degradation problems and the revision and implementation of the National Physical Plan are among the other proposed actions.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources

Mi ss i o n 5: Re sp o ns i b l e Us e o f t h e La nd Re s o u r c e s

St r a t e g i e s

1. Reduce land degradation in agricultural areas.

2. Rehabilitate deteriorated lands.

3. Develop and implement programmes for the use of non-cultivated agricultural lands.

4. Optimize soil conservation through mandatory & other measures.

5. Promote precision farming, traditional verities of crops and crops to fit agro-ecological condition.

6. Conserve, restoring and improve important representative landscapes.

7. Integrate a system to restore, reclaim and rehabilitate mined areas

8. Carry out assessment on Forest cover of Sri Lanka, including different categories of forests.

9. Improve management of commercial plantations.

10. Promote the integrated management of upper watersheds.

11. Mitigate and adaptation to drought.

12. Review Land related Laws.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources , , Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS M/AD&AS DoA DoA , M/AD&AS M/AD&AS DoA DoA , M/AD&AS DoI , DoA, M/AD&AS, M/IWM DoA , LUPPD, M/AD&AS 100% 15% 50% 50% 50% 50% Long Term 2009 -16 s 30% 10% 40% 30% 30% 25% 10% term 2009-13 Medium o u r c e s e Term Short 10% 5% 25% 20% 20% 10% 5% 2009 -10 R Targets Targets nd a L e h t

Baseline f o

ns e s Extent of reduced land Extent of reduced degradation so far Practiced in limited areas method of Present recommendation Amount of funds distributed in 2007 in 2007 Extent covered irrigation Present managemennt practices Existing research findings U c t i o A i b l e ns o sp Indicators e Key Performance Area covered. Area covered. Area Number of site-specific recommendations. Funds disbursed. covered. Area covered. Area Reduction of of soil percentage erosion. finding of Research areas. relevant 5: R n i o ss i M Strategies/Actions Reduce land degradation in agricultural areas. Actions minimum tillage Promote practices. crops Select and recommend to the land class. according incentives for Provide undertaking of land improvement measures. integrated plant Introduce nutrient management practices. better irrigation Introduce management practices/technologies soil erosion. to reduce studies Conduct further research on soil fertility improvement conservation farming measures, models practices, home garden systems, forestry and agro including livestock. 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources DoA DoA DoA, , DoA, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS PCs , LAs, CEA, WMA, BOI, M/ID, M/E&NR, M/PC&LG M/AD&AS, M/NB&EID M/AD&AS, M/NB&IED, SLSA, M/S&PE M/AD&AS M/AD&AS M/NB&EID 25% 10% 15% 35% 50% 25% Long Term 2009 -16 10% 5% 10% 60% 25% 30% 10% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 5% 2% 5% 25% 100% 10% 5% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Extent rehabilitated Extent rehabilitated in 2007 Extent of saline land affected 2007 rehabilitated drainage Present systems in low line agricultural lands Available data 2007 Available Not farming Present practices Abandoned agriculture land extent Extent cultivated in 2007 Indicators Key Performance Area Covered. Area rehabilitated. Area improved. Area Number of sites rehabilitated. Action plan prepared. Farmers changing their practices. campaigns. Awareness Programmes of Number implemented. cultivated. Area Strategies/Actions Rehabilitate deteriorated lands. Actions Rehabilitate saline-affected lands. drainage systems in Improve low-lying agricultural land. Rehabilitate existing solid waste dumping sites and prevent further contamination. a national action plan to Prepare chena cultivation with a replace sustainable farming system. the plan among farmers Promote incentives to the and provide farmers to implement the plan. Develop and implement programmes for the use of non-cultivated agricultural lands. Actions Cultivate abandoned paddy lands. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources , Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS DoA, MASL M/AD&AS NBRO, M/L&LD, DMC, M/DM&HR M/AD&AS , DoA, of NRMC LUPPD M/AD&AS, LUPPD, DoA, Dis. Secs LUPPD, Dis. Secs, M/L&LD M/F&P, M/L&LD, M/PI 40% 40% 35% Long Term 100% 2009 -16 25% 25% 20% 80% 80% term 2009-13 Medium 10% 15% 50% 10% 75% 75% 20% Targets Targets Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Available Available programmes Soil Conservation Act Data 2007 Soil Conservation master plans Committees established Available & regulations Acts method Present of taxing Indicators Key Performance sustainable financing A system in place (Sustainable Subsidy Scheme). Number of incentive promoted. programmes Legislation enacted and extent of soil conservation expanded. measures Additional mapping completed. & Guidelines improved disseminated. Committee appointed and monitoring mechanism established. Regulations in place. Strategies/Actions Promote incentive Promote programmes. Optimize soil conservation through mandatory & other measures. Actions of landslide hazard Extend area necessary as NBRO by mapping full coverage of such to ensure in Sri Lanka. areas and disseminate Improve conservation. soil for guidelines Establish Committees of relevant from representatives authorities. Restrict further settlements, cultivation or other human railway & road including activity identified in areas construction areas. as highly landslide prone Divert a part of the taxes levied on export of plantation products, especially tea, to financing soil instead conservation measures of cutting down the subsidies planters who do not adopt soil conservation measures. 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources , Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS DoA, M/NB&EID M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS DoA , M/NB&EID, M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS 50% 25% 50% 75% 75% 55% 20% 95% Long Term 2009 -16 7% 25% 15% 30% 30% 65% 50% 35% 90% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 3% 10% 10% 15% 25% 50% 25% 10% 75% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Present Present practices Not Available Not Available Existing practices Available information Available information Available information Not Available Existing practices Indicators Key Performance Increased use of organic use of organic Increased fertilizer. Taken. Measures Mobile lab service in operation. Farmers testing soil and using fertilizers and chemicals as per requirement. and animal species Crops identified. map for cultivating Area traditional varieties. campaigns. Promotion cultivated crops Traditional in suitable locations. villages Number of crop established. planted under crop Area zoning. cultivated. Area Strategies/Actions Promote high quality organic high quality organic Promote fertilizer. Promote precision farming, traditional varieties of crops and crops to fit agro-ecological condition. Actions mobile soil testing Introduce laboratory services before cultivation seasons. laboratory services Promote to check the soil nutrient and ascertain what requirement fertilizers and chemicals are to meet it. required and Identify traditional crop resistant animal species that are to pests and diseases. such crops where Identify areas could be cultivated effectively. cultivation of such Promote species in suitable areas. zoning principles; Practice crop - one village. e.g. one crop Rotation. Crop Introduce 4.6 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources , Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/UD&SAD M/UD&SAD UDA NPPD , UDA, M/UD&SAD & NPPD , UDA relevant other all Departments, M/UD&SAD CEA , M/E&NR CEA ,M/E&NR, other agencies doing develop -ment activities 75% 45% Long Term 100% 100% 100% plans by 2015 2009 -16 revision relevant relevant relevant relevant by 2016 completed of physical actions being implemented 40% 15% 50% term plans 2009-13 by 2013 by 2012 physical Medium completed revision of revision actions being being actions 50% relevant 50% relevant 50% relevant implemented Targets Targets 20% Term Short ready ready -ations Map & 2009 -10 by 2010 recommend Baseline vailable Data 2007 Some work done by CCDwith UoM Presently available plans Data 2007 A resources information system Data 2007 Indicators Key Performance Landscape character map and used in national prepared and local level regional physical planning and land scape conservation on going. Landscape Character Map/s and relevant prepared for recommendations of existing revision physical plans made. Revision of plans completed. On-going implementation owing of actions required of physical to revision plans. resource Environment information system established. introduced. SEA Strategies/Actions Conserve, restoring and improve important representative landscapes. Actions Landscape Character Prepare Map/s and recommendations for whole island. Revise national, regional and local level physical necessary. plans where Formulate & take action to plans. implement revised environmental of Establishment Information system Resource using GIS technology. Strategic Introduce Assessments Environmental (SEA) for major development programmes/Plans/Policies. 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR, GSMB NPPD M/E&NR GSMB , GJA, SLLRDC, NERD, M/E&NR GSMB , GJA, CEA,M/E&NR , IC TAD Universities , GSMB,NBRO, CEA, M/E&NR M/E &NR , CEA, ICTAD, NBRO Sector, Pvt. GSMB, M/E&NR, DoP GSMB, M/E&NR, CEA Long Term 100% 100% 2009 -16 by 2016 term 60% 60% 55% 27% 2009-13 by 2013 Medium Targets Targets 75% 70% 30% 30% 30% 20% 12% 40% 25% Term Short 2009 -10 by 2010 Baseline Sites identified in 2007 plan Available 2007 Existing system Available legislation Present monitoring system Available research findings Data 2007 nt Prese method of implementation Sand policy Indicators Key Performance All unique sites declared. Revised National Physical Plan gazetted & being used. Regulations improved. Monitoring system in place and land degradation due to mining reduced. projects of relevant Proportion carrying out successful annually. rehabilitation Monitoring committees/ squads established. Further alternatives to river sand found. campaigns. Awareness Consumer friendly delivery of alternatives. Implementation mechanisms institutions. in place with strong Sand Policy incorporated in other programmes. ogically unique Strategies/Actions sites and declare them as sites and declare areas. preserved Revise & implement National Physical Plan. Integrate a system to restore, reclaim and rehabilitate mined areas. Actions stricter & enforce Introduce legislation including severe penalties for default in of mined areas. rehabilitation Establish a monitoring committee/squad for each district, to monitor compliance. on Carry out further research alternatives to river sand. use of alternatives to Promote awareness river sand through and making it easier for the them. consumers to reach and Strictly implement rules on sand mining. regulations Implement National Sand Policy. Identify geol 6.6 6.7 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.7

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible SLLRDC M/E&NR DFC, M/E&NR DFC, M /E&NR DFC, M/E&NR DFC, M/E&NR M/E&NR DFC ,M/E&NR DFC ,M/E&NR DFC ,M/E&NR DFC ,M/E&NR DFC ,M/E&NR M/E&NR 70% Long Term 2009 -16 80% 30% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 20% 75% 65% 60% 62% 60% 70% 50% 60% 40% 10% Term Short 2009 -10 80%-90% 75%-80% Baseline Data 2007 Present assessments available Data 2007 Available guidelines Present method of interpretation Present categorization Data 2007 Data 2007 Data 2007 Data 2007 Available maps Data 2007 Available plans and data. Indicators Key Performance Volume of sea sand issued to Volume market for construction. Covered. Area Satellite imageries purchased. Guidelines prepared. Guidelines interpreted. categories of Different estimated. forests Covered. Area Surveyed Plantations & Plantation Maps. prepare Update plantation Database. Plantations. Treatment Updated Maps. New Plantations. taken. Measures covered. Area Strategies/Actions Promote use of sea sand. Promote Carry out assessment of Forest cover of Sri Lanka, including categories of forests. different Actions Satellite Imageries. Purchase guidelines. Prepare Interpretation. Estimation of different categories of forests. Improve management of commercial plantations. Actions Survey Plantations & Prepare Maps. & Post Felling Pre Take Inventory. Silvicultural treatments. Updating maps. Regeneration. Prom ote the integrated management of upper watersheds . 7.8 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9. 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources

S Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS, M/E&NR LUPPD, M/E&NR, SD, M/L&LD DoA , NGOs, CBOs, M/AD&AS M/AD&AS, M/E&NR, M/L&LD M / L&LD , NRMC, DFC, DoA, M/AD&A M/L&LD, LUPPD, DMC, M/DM&HR DoA, LUPPD, M/AD&AS 60% 75% 80% 60% Long Term 2009 -16 5%-10% 40% 60% 60% 40% term 100% 2009-13 Medium 65% -75% Targets Targets 5% 5% 25% 40% Term Short 2009 -10 45%- 50% Baseline Available Available plans Data 2007 Existing Practices Present method of coordination Data 2007 Data 2007 Data 2007 Indicators Key Performance Developed Master Plans. Relocation of people who live in sensitive areas. Practicing water and soil in conservation measures critical watershed areas. between Coordination organization different dealing with land and water management practices. the number of Increasing participation. identified. areas Vulnerable with farming Areas practices identified. Alternative farming practices and lands identified. Strategies/Actions Actions Develo p master plan to integrate catchments conservation practices for important watersheds. Identify degraded or areas degradation prone or relocate and regularize and settlers as the encroachers case may be. on-farm and off-farm Promote soil and water conservation in critical watershed measures areas. and strengthen Promote among different coordination dealing with organizations land and water management practices. participatory Promote to land resources approaches management. Identify hill country areas unsuitable for which are farming although going on. practices are Identify alternative farming practices and lands. 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 5: Responsibile Use of the Land Resources Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/A D&AS, DoA LUPPD, Dis. Secs, M/NB&EID/ Gamanguma mme Progra M/AD&AS DoA , PCs, M/AD&AS DoA , M/AD&AS M/NB&EID/ Gamanguma Programme M/E&NR M/L&LD M/L&LD 25% 25% 90% 90% 80% 50% 50% Long Term tanks 40% of 2009 -16 existing term 10% 10% 25% 25% tanks 15% of 2009-13 existing Medium Targets Targets 2% 2% 20% 10% Term Short tanks 5% of 2009 -10 existing Baseline Present Present farming practices Existing Practices Number of tanks established in 2007 Available facilities in research centers Ex isting village management syste ms laws Available laws Available law Available Indicators Key Performance Farmers moving to alternate lands and/or agricultural crops. taken. Measures Number of rainwater harvesting tanks established in area. the facilities in Improve center. research Coverage. Number of villages. Number of Laws reviewed. Review the existing laws. Developed umbrella Framework law. Strategies/Actions farmers from current current farmers from practices to sustainable farming practices. Mitigate and adaptation to drought. Actions water conservation Promote practices and domestic rainwater harvesting. the facilities at Improve involved resistant research verities and appropriate crop technologies. Integrate concept/ characteristics of a green village into the management system. Review Land related Laws. Actions Review all existing land laws and regulations related and assesses legal impact on land degradation and suggests necessary changes. the possibility of Explore developing an umbrella framework law to deal with issues in a man ner. land related Shift 10.8 11. 11.1 11.2 11.3 12. 12.1 12.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 6: Doing Away with the Dumps

Mi ss i o n 6: Do i n g Aw a y w i t h t h e Du m ps

Pr e a m b l e

Solid waste is generated by households, commercial and industrial establishments, markets, etc. Over the years, the proper disposal of this waste has proved to be an intractable problem despite the many efforts that have been made to address it; hence the unsightly and environmentally degrading waste dumps that are a common sight. The generation of waste is primarily an urban phenomenon, and the high rate of urbanization will continue to pose a growing challenge to the local authorities who are responsible for the collection and disposal of waste. Current developments such as the use of polythene and other non-degradable packaging material, the discarding of growing quantities of used electrical and electronic equipment, the increasing discharge of clinical waste, and the entry into the country of e-waste in the guise of resources are factors that have collectively added to the difficulties in resolving the problem of waste management. Many forms of waste (e.g. discarded electronic equipment and clinical waste) are potentially hazardous. The indiscriminate dumping of hazardous material with other solid waste can pose a threat to those who engage in handling and picking waste while also exposing the people living in the area to a variety of communicable diseases. At present nearly all of the solid waste collected by the local authorities is unloaded at dump sites or used for land fill. No attempt is made to segregate the material at the source into what is hazardous, what is recyclable, and what can be treated (e.g. for composting), while leaving only the remaining part to be used for land fill. A serious problem facing local authorities is the acute shortage of land for waste disposal. Hence the use of whatever land that is available in a more economical manner will help to ease the problem by prolonging the life span of the land fill site. It is expected that the pilisaru programme developed in line with the national policy on solid waste management will accelerate the integrated approach to addressing this problem. Farms could adopt a variety of measures to reduce the generation of waste such as promoting the production and use of organic fertilizer and reducing post harvest losses. In the industrial sector, the production of waste can be reduced considerably through “life cycle management” where minimizing the generation and reducing the toxicity of waste is factored into the designing, manufacturing, consumption and disposal of a product. The “polluter pays principle” should also be enforced to ensure environmentally sound treatment and disposal of industrial solid waste. The accumulation of hazardous wastes in the non-hazardous waste stream has to be avoided and the management of hazardous waste improved. Local Authorities need to strengthen their institutional mechanisms for solid waste management. New initiatives are needed – obtaining community participation; segregating waste at the source and setting up mechanisms to deal with the different categories of waste; and integrating collection sites, storage sites, and landfill sites. A range of actions are proposed for dealing with the waste management issues and doing away with the dumps.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 6: Doing Away with the Dumps

Mi ss i o n 6: Do i n g Aw a y w i t h t h e Du m ps

St r a t e g i e s

1. Promote Life Cycle management of waste.

2. Strengthen the institutional mechanism for solid waste management in every Local Authority.

3. Establish necessary infrastructure for solid waste management in each Local Authority or adopt appropriate alternative methods.

4. Prevent accumulation of Hazardous Wastes in to the non hazardous wastes streams.

5. Apply Polluter Pay Principle and environmentally sound treatment and disposal of industrial solid waste.

6. Apply zero waste concepts in agricultural farms.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 6: Doing Away with the Dumps Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR CEA , LAs, M/E&NR, M/PC&LG, WMA, M/ID, BOI, PCs CEA, M/E&NR, LAs, WMA, BOI, M/ID, M/PC&LG, PCs M/PC&LG 100% Long Term 2009 -16 50% 50% term 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium ps u m Targets Targets 20% 20% 40% 50% D Term Short e 2009 -10 h

h w i t

Baseline Cycle Management Practices Existing systems in place Existing strategies available Existing mechanisms Existing Life ns w a y A c t i o g A n o i Indicators 6: D Key Performance n i o ss Number of possible waste covered. streams Number of waste streams under Life Cycle covered Management. (LCM) Number of major waste that can be considered streams for LCM 2008. waste from The country is free dumps. taken to strengthen Measures the institutional mechanism. i M Strategies/Actions Promote Life Cycle management of waste. Actions life cycle management Promote in designing, manufacturing, consumption and disposal of based on principles products, of sustainable consumption and production. Integrate strategies to prevent, and recycling re-use reduce, and final treatment before disposal of waste and ensure and final disposal of treatment waste. residual Strengthen the institutional mechanism for solid waste management in every Local Authority. 1. 1.1 1.2 2.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 6: Doing Away with the Dumps RDA, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/PC&LG, LAs, PCs M/PC&LG, LAs, CEA, M/E&NR, PCs CEA, LAs, M/PC&LG, M/E&NR, PCs M/PC&LG LAs in with consultation the UDA, CEA, M/E&NR, M/SD&SAD, PCs Long Term 100% 2009 -16 70% term 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 60% 50% 20% 40% Term 100% Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing Implementation mechanism Existing systems in place Survey reports available Facilities available Existing plans Indicators Key Performance A suitable institutional A mechanism in place. Number of LAs covered. achieved Number of targets recycle reduce, to prevent, and final disposal treatment of waste in an sound environmentally manner. Number of waste management systems in areas. place in each LA facilities Infrastructure established in all Local Authorities. of a legally Availability physical plan enforceable showing sites for solid waste management.

for solid waste Strategies/Actions Actions the institutional Strengthen mechanism to involve residents individually and collectively in SWM. Monitor Progress Set targets, and take collective action to bridge gaps. Conduct surveys, community education and awareness minimization waste on programs and recycling segregation, to composting and set targets objective. achieve the desired Establish necessary infrastructure storage sites and landfill Authority in every Local development plan. Authority or adopt appropriate adopt or Authority alternative methods. Actions Integrate collection sites, management in each Local 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 6: Doing Away with the Dumps Lead , Agency (In Bold) Responsible CEA , LAs M/PC&LG, PCs LAs M/PC&LG, CEA, PCs M/E&NR M/E&NR, CEA, CPA, M/TMDC&CA CEA , M/E&NR M/E&NR, DoIEC, CEA M/E&NR ,CEA 100% 100% Long Term 2009 -16 40% 60% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 10% 10% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Feasibility studies available Existing system available Existing System Not available Existing mechanism Existing control import system Not available Indicators Key Performance Designs and feasibility studies for the for waste infrastructure management. Collection system, storage plants, centers, recycling composting plants, other plants suitable processing and landfills available. Wastes Hazardous Management systems in place. Legislation in place. Guidelines in place. Legislation to control e-waste in place. Guidelines to identify e-waste developed and implemented. capacity

having

landfills Strategies/Actions

Design for at least 10 years, and extend minimizingtheir lifespan through options. and treatment infrastructure Establish appropriate for integrate waste management system. of accumulation Prevent non the to in Wastes Hazardous hazardous wastes streams. Actions buy effect to legislation Formulate items. back of used electronic Develop guidelines for resource sound environmentally and disposalcollection, recovery of e-waste. prevent to legislation Formulate in country the entering e-waste the guise of resources. to guidelines Formulate usable from e-waste distinguish e-items. 3.2 3.3 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 6: Doing Away with the Dumps

Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible CEA, M/E&NR M/AD&AS M/H&N M/H&N M/E&NR , CEA, DoIEC, M/Tourism, BOI, M/ID M/E&NR M/WS&D, NWSDB, CEA, M/E&NR NWS & DB, M/WS&D, Long Term 100% 2009 -16 75% term 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% of gaps 2009-13 Medium 100% filling improvement Targets Targets 50% 40% 40% 2 0% 20% 20% 100% Term Short of gaps 2009 -10 20% filling improvement Baseline Existing units Available Present monitoring schemes and gaps Existing systems Available schemes Load Based License Scheme Available guidelines Success stories & failures (2008) Indicators Key Performance HCWM units established at all major hospitals. waste Health Care Management system in place in major hospitals and implemented. Coverage. hazardous Cost effective waste management system. Number of applications. release Legislation to prevent sewage into the of untreated recovery cost with environment mechanisms in place. of Guidelines for release in sewage to environment prioritized sectors developed. Agricultural Number of waste farms with zero management systems. Strategies/Actions Establish HCWM units at all major hospitals, with specific mandates. Maintain the performance of Management Waste Health care policies and take collective actions to bridge gaps. Establish public-private sector partnerships to obtain waste services for hazardous management. Apply Polluter Pay Principle and environmentally sound treatment and disposal of industrial solid waste. Actions Formulate legislation to prevent waste liquid untreated of release with the into the environment mechanism. cost recovery Develop guidelines to prevent pollution of land and water due to sewage based on Polluter Pays Principle. Apply zero waste concepts in agricultural farms. 4.5 4.6 4.7 5. 5.1 5.2 6.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 6: Doing Away with the Dumps Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS, DoA, M/NB&EID M/AD&AS, DoA, M/AD&AS, DoA, M/AD&AS, DoA, 60% 75% 50% Long Term 2009 -16 40% 50% 25% term 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 2% 10% 25% 30% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Practices available Practices available Available technologies Available technologies Indicators Key Performance Quantity of waste processed. fertilizer. using organic Area Reduction in mineral fertilizer use. Quantity saved. Number of technologies Used. covered. Area Number of technologies introduced. Strategies/Actions Actions fertilizer organic Promote and use. production Reduce post-harvest losses. (waste-minimizing) clean Use technologies. sanitary compostingIntroduce technology. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always

Mi ss i o n 7: Wa t e r f o r Al l a nd Al w a y s

Pr e a m b l e

Sri Lanka can be considered as a country that is well endowed with water resources since it receives, on an average, over 2000 mm of rainfall annually. Its spatial and temporal distribution, however, is such that a large part of the country (65%), referred to as the dry zone, experiences water shortages and droughts during several months in the year. Hence, taking action to ensure that the inhabitants of the dry zone have access to adequate supplies of water to meet their agricultural and domestic needs is of prime importance.

Another critical issue in relation to water, even in parts of the country where the resource is adequate in quantity, is the rapid deterioration of water quality owing to pollution from industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes. In the dry zone, heavy extraction of ground water from the limestone aquifers in the north and north-west can result in contamination with salt water while contamination with nitrogenous compounds has been seen to occur in different parts of the dry zone due to the heavy and unrestricted use of fertilizers.

In taking action to fulfill the mission, the major policy initiative, particularly applicable to the dry zone, would be to introduce water resources allocation and management on the basis of river basin units and sub-units. With the introduction of a water allocation system a series of actions can be put into effect through the active participation of the community to conserve and efficiently manage the limited water resources in an equitable manner. We could also draw lessons from Sri Lanka’s past at which time village tanks were built in a cascade pattern, where a connected series of tanks was constructed within a micro-catchment. The water that is used for irrigation under one tank is passed on to the next for reuse, thereby making optimum use of this scarce resource. Many of these tanks are still in use while many others are non-functional but can be restored.

Regarding the country’s irrigation system, new initiatives have to be put in place to secure the stability of the system and ensure efficiency in the use of irrigation water. The institutional mechanisms where the Departments of Agriculture and Irrigation will collaborate in implementing watershed conservation and water management practices have to be activated and a range of measures implemented. Micro and drip irrigation are technologies that could be adopted where feasible to economize on the use of water.

Contamination of water resources arises from many different causes, and a wide range of actions have to be adopted to address the problem. The first target should be to identify and eliminate pollution sources at water intakes and within the related catchments. On a wider scale, the polluter pays principle has to be enforced and the setting up of water treatment plants promoted. In the dry zone, regulating ground water extraction and improving fertilizer use efficiency are necessary measures to keep the ground water resource free of contamination.

Avoiding waste of water during any form of use is one sure way of ensuring that the available sources will last longer. Where necessary and feasible, the harvesting of rainwater and the adoption of recycling technologies will pay dividends in the form of ensuring a more secure supply.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always

Mi ss i o n 7: Wa t e r f o r Al l a nd Al w a y s

St r a t e g i e s

1. Establish a systematic water allocation system and improve efficiency and equity in water distribution for various purposes.

2. Organize a rehabilitation scheme for small tanks and revitalize the tank cascade system developed.

3. Transform the irrigation system to meet new challenges.

4. Keep drinking water sources free from contamination through proper zoning and control measures.

5. Integrate conservation, re-use and recycling practices at all levels of water use.

6. Strictly enforce the Polluter Pays Principle for water polluting industries/activities.

7. Strengthen implementation of integrated water resource management systems.

8. Reduce fertilizer leaching and eutrophication.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS M/AD&AS, M/E&NR, DoA, CEA, M/I&WM, M/WS&D M/AD&AS, DoA, M/I&WM M/I&WM, DoI, MASL M/I&WM, DoI, DoA, AS, M/AD& M/E &NR, CEA,NWS&DB, M/WS&D

85% Long Term 100% of the 100% 2009 -16 Country Coverage 40% 75% 50% term of the Event 2009-13 Country Medium Coverage s Targets Targets l w a y 20% 20% 40% Term 100% Short of the 2009 -10 Country A Coverage nd a

l l Baseline A Existing system gaps Not available Present Composition Not Available Existing Practices ns o r f

c t i o A a t e r 7: W n i o ss Key Performance Indicators i River basin management units established at various levels based on a classification guidelines for with required water extraction. ground % in establishment of River basin & sub river management units. suitable mechanism A established. in number and % increase composition of stakeholders. Classified river systems in place. Guidelines developed. M system

classification

river

a Strategies/Actions

Practice to abstract and utilize water. Formulate guidelines for ground purposes. all for extraction water Establish a systematic water allocation system and improve efficiency and equity in water distribution for various purposes. Actions Establish institutions for basin and sub river basin level management. Obtain participation of gender balanced stakeholders and state in establishing water sharing policies. 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/I&WM, DoI, DoA, AS, M/AD& CEA, M/E&NR, NWS&DB, M/WS&D M/AD&AS, DoA, MASL M/AD&AS, DoA M/AD&AS, DoA M/AD&AS M/AD&AS, M/E&NR, DoA, CEA M/AD&AS, DoA, DoI, M/I&WM, M/NB&EID/ NEIAP-II/ TIIP/REPSI 90% 70% 75% 75% 75% Long Term 100% 2009 -16 70% 50% 50% 40% 50% 50% term 100% 2009-13 Medium Coverage Targets Targets 40% 40% 15% 25% 20% 20% 10% Term Short 2009 -10 Coverage Baseline Existing use patterns Existing methods Present Practices Existing practices Number of tanks to be rehabilitate Existing Level Existing Level Indicators Key Performance % Water use statistics % Water covering all water user levels. covered. % of area varieties. Number of crop planted. Area Number of units. Number of tanks and rehabilitated revitalized. Number of Watershed place. in plans management Minor irrigation systems rehabilitated. Strategies/Actions Carry out a national level the water survey to explore use patterns by all user types, with the aim of attaining water security. water-saving Introduce for paddy land preparation cultivation. Develop and popularize varieties. crop drought-resistant Irrigation Micro Introduce Technology. Organize a rehabilitation scheme for small tanks and revitalize the tank cascade system developed. Actions Formulate watershed plans for the improvement minor most critically affected irrigation systems. Rehabilitate small/minor tanks using an ecological approach based on a survey of degraded minor irrigation systems. 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2. 2.1 2.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always DoI, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS, DoA, DoI, M/I&WM DoI, M/I&WM, M/AD&AS, DoA, MASL, M/L&LD DoI, M/I&WM, M/E&NR, DoA, M/AD&AS, MASL M/AD&AS M/AD&AS, DoA, DoI, M/I&WM M/AD&AS, DoA,M/I&WM, M/NB&EID 75% 85% 50% 60% 80% 75% Long Term 2009 -16 50% 60% 30% 40% 50% 60% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 5% 10% 20% 30% 30% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing systems available Existing implementation system Existing practices New challenges to be addressed Existing implementati on mechanism Existing audits energy conserved. and Indicators Key Performance identified Number of cascade systems traced and re-established. Number of village tank irrigation systems and revitalized. recognized Number of farmer communites given in managing responsibility village tank irrigation system. Number of such ecologically important watersheds that are Number of additional benefits secured. Implementation mechanism established. saved. % amount of energy audits Number of energy per year carried out. Strategies/Actions Trace and re-establish cascade and re-establish Trace systems. the Recognize and revitalize village tank irrigation system and hand over the systems to farmer communities an manage them through ecological approach. Conserve ecologically significant water resources bases/watersheds. the irrigation Transform system to meet new challenges. Actions Establish Institutional &DOI mechanism at DOA to integrate watershed conservation practices in all the water management programmes. efficient, energy Introduce new irrigation effective techniques and devices. 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always DoI, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS, DoA, M/I&WM DoI, M/AD&AS, DoA, MI&WM, Universities, M/S&T M/E&NR CEA, M/E&NR, M/WS&D, M/AD&AS, DoA, M/H&N CEA, M/E&NR NWS&DB, M/WS&D, CEA, M/E&NR, M/NB&EID 15 75% 70% Long Term 100% 2009 -16 activities 5 50% 60% 30% term 100% 2009-13 Medium activities Targets Targets 20% 50% 10% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 1 activity Baseline Not available level Present level Present Existing programs Exising water quality monitoring programmes Number of schemes to be conserved Indicators Key Performance Number of innovations. in solar power % of increase techniques employed in the irrigation sector. Keep drinking water sources contamination. from free cost reduced. Treatment % of island wide water quality surveillance and in monitoring programmes water schemes. Number of surveys carried out. covered. Area Number of such watersheds that have been identified and conserved. Coverage. Strategies/Actions Carry out research and Carry out research development on new irrigation techniques that have lesser irrigation water footprints. Popularize solar powered irrigation systems and techniques. Keep drinking water sources free from contamination through proper zoning and control measures. Actions Develop and implement island wide water quality surveillance and monitoring in water schemes. programmes Conduct surveys on water bodies to identify pollution and types to sources actions. initiate appropriate Conserve watersheds that yield water for drinking water projects. 3.3 3.4 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/I&WM, DoI, NWS&DB, M/WS&D, CEA, M/E&NR, LAs, M/LG&PC, M/H&N CEA, M/E&NR, LAs, M/LG&PC, BOI, M/ID M/WS&D M/WS&D, M/H&N M/WS&D, NWS&DB, M/E&NR, CEA, DoI, M/I&WM M/AD&AS, M/E&NR 25% Long Term 2009 -16 50% 10% term Plans 2009-13 Medium available Targets Targets 10% 100% 100% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing pollution records sources, available Existing plans Existing regulations Existing water schemes Existing zoning plans Programmes available Indicators Key Performance Number of pollution sources Number of pollution sources identified and number of actions taken. preventive Coverage. Number of central waste plants water treatment established. Coverage. compliance. Percentage water Number of rural schemes decentralized. Coverage. Number of zoning plans developed. number of Increased in programmes protection catchment areas covered. Area Strategies/Actions Identify the pollution sources Identify the pollution sources of water intakes and prevent further pollution. central waste Promote plants for water treatment polluting industries and other agencies/establishments. to regulate Adopt measures extraction and contamination water resources. of ground Decentralize the centralized water schemes and rural village sanitation with programmes participation of relevant stakeholders for sustainable management as appropriate. Draw up zoning plans for for water conservation. areas Identify and demarcate water intakes catchment area and implement suitable programmes. protection 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/WS&D, NWS&DB M/I&WM, DoI, M/E&NR, MASL, NWS&DB, M/WS& D M/UD&SAD, UDA, SLLR&DC, M/WS&D M/E&NR M/I&WM, DoI, M/AD&AS UDA, M/UD&SAD Long Term 100% 100% 100% 2009 -16 50% 50% 60% term 100% 2009-13 Medium available Measures Measures Targets Targets 20% 20% 20% 30% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Sanitation projects available Existing water bodies, canal systems and wetlands Existing practices Available techniques Existing data available Indicators Key Performance Number of sanitation through monitored projects participatory approach. Number of peculiar water identified. holding areas covered. Area taken. Additional measures saving techniques Water and assessed. introduced % coverage in different systems. Number and types of water saving techniques used. Amount of rain water harvested. Coverage. Strategies/Actions Adopt a participatory for planning, approach maintaining and construction, monitoring of community water supply and sanitation projects. Identify and conserve the peculiar water holding areas. water bodies, canal Protect systems and wetlands. re-use conservation, Integrate and recycling practices at all levels of water use. Actions water saving/re- Introduce devices for using, recycling conservation. the harvesting of Promote rain water in urban areas. 4.10 4.11 4.12 5. 5.1 5.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/I&WM, DoI, M/E&NR, M/NB&EID CEA, M/E&NR, M/WS&D, NWS&DB, LAs, M/LG&PC M/AD&AS, DoA, MASL M/E&NR CEA, M/E&NR, LDD 25% Long Term 100% 100% 2009 -16 5% 60% 40% term 100% 2009-13 Medium

Targets Targets 20% 20% 50% Term Short in place 2009 -10 Regulation Baseline Not available Not available Not available Available parameters Draft NEA amendment Indicators Key Performance Number of farmers adopting new technology. Coverage. Respective water foot prints. covered. Area of water. Volume Number of processing plants. and control Prevention degradation the quality of water bodies in the country. for the Cabinet approval amendment. Act. Draft amendment to the Amendment passes through the Parliament. Strategies/Actions use water efficiently and effectively. drainage and effective Ensure handling of waste water from farming and food processing. Strictly enforce the Polluter Pays Principle for water polluting industries/ activities. Actions Amend the National Act (NEA) to Environmental accommodate Wastewater (WCP). Programme Charge Establish and spread new Establish and spread technology for reducing water use and improving of small and productivity medium schemes via micro and drip irrigation systems. Carry out water usage audits to establish water in order foot prints for all institutions those who and duly reward 5.3 5.4 5.5 6. 6.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible CEA, M/E&NR, LDD CEA, M/E&NR CEA, M/E&NR CEA, M/E&NR, BOI, M/ID CEA, M/E&NR M/E&NR CEA, M/E&NR, NWS&DB, M/WS&D 50% 30% 50% Long Term 2009 -16 25% 20% 20% term 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 50% 10% 10% 10% 100% Term Short 100% 2009 -10 Baseline regulations Drafted regulations Concentration based standards. Number of cases to be taken up Apply CP to Textile industries Awareness programmes Existing systems Available inspection procedures Indicators Key Performance Drafted regulations. Drafted regulations. Gazetted regulations. Number of industries enters to the programme. Reduction of pollution load into the environment. Number of cases to be filed against industries/ Activities. Number of industries enters scheme. the CP Reduction of effluent load of water and reduction utilization in the process. Database on prescribed activities. Extent of catchment areas increased. Institutional set-up in place for integrated water resource management. Number of cases filed. Strategies/Actions notification No.1533/16. Strengthen implementation of integrated water resource management systems. Actions inspection Strengthen to detect illegal procedures water consumption. Draft new regulations to Draft new regulations implement the WCP. and implement Introduce Charge Wastewater Programme. legal actions against Take industrialists who do not comply with legal of the WCP. requirements Cleaner Production Promote principles & practices in industrial activities come under the WCP. Conduct survey on Prescribed industries under the Gazette 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7. 7.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/I&WM, DoI, M/AD&AS M/WS&D, NWS&DB M/E&NR, Presidential Secretariat CEA, M/E&NR, NWS&DB, M/WS&D CEA, M/E&NR, NWS&DB, M/WS&D, Local Public Authorities Health CEA, M/E&NR M/F&AR, CCD, M/Tourism Long Term 100% 100% 2009 -16 50% term 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 10% 100% 100% 100% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline System available Available information Available conserved catchment areas Available records Data available Information available Plans available Indicators Key Performance Number of stakeholder institutions strengthened. committed % of tariffs for water catchment conservation. Extent of new catchment being conserved. areas Number of surveys per year carried out. of surveillance % increase inspection on untreated sewage discharge. Number of landfills established. Coverage. completed. Construction Strategies/Actions landfills islandwide for solid waste including hazardous wastes. of Complete the construction central waste water treatment plants for industries in the coastal zone. Enhance the capacity of institutions to better manage irrigation systems including water resources. ground Commit adequate funds for conservation of water catchments by major water users such as NWSDB and their tariffs. CEB, from Dedicate Upper Watershed for conservation and areas them being exploited. prevent Carry out surveys on water bodies to identify pollution wide. island types and sources Carry out surveillance and necessary take actions where that untreated to ensure into sewage is not discharged waterways and water bodies. sanitary Establish more 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 7: Water for All and Always DoA DoA DoA DoA, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/AD&AS M/AD&AS, M/AD&AS, M/AD&AS, MASL 75% 75% 50% 90% Long Term 2009 -16 50% 50% 25% 75% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 25% 50% 25% 10% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Available Available Programmes Available Programmes Soil conservation Act. Fertilizer Application guidelines Indicators Key Performance Percentage reduction. Percentage covered. Area Amount of fertilizer saved. covered. Area covered. Area Strategies/Actions fertilizer use efficiency. of soil erosion Adopt control technology. split application of Introduce fertilizer. Reduce fertilizer leaching and eutrophication. Actions methods to increase Promote 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity

Mi ss i o n 8: Gr e e n Ci t i e s f o r He a l t h a nd Pr o sp e r i t y

Pr e a m b l e

Urban expansion that has taken place at a phenomenal rate since three decades ago was not accompanied by a planned framework. As a result, a number of problems have surfaced. These include urban sprawl; ribbon development along main roads; unplanned fragmentation of land; utilization of low-lying and environmentally sensitive areas for industrial, commercial and residential uses; decreased effectiveness of storm water drainage; and inadequate facilities for sewerage and solid waste disposal. At present urban areas account for over 30 per cent of the population and this is expected to grow to 45 per cent by 2015. Considering the current situation, and faced with the prospect of the challenges growing in magnitude, there is now an urgent and pressing need to address the issues if we are to attain the goals of the mission. While declaring an Urban Sector Policy Framework is the starting point, the need of the hour is to move into implementation. Urban development plans integrating environmental concerns have to be prepared, making provision as appropriate for the different needs and proposing an urban design/townscape. Adequate land should be reserved for conservation needs including the protection of important wetlands. Provision must be made for setting apart adequate public outdoor recreation space. Biodiversity parks, while also supporting outdoor recreation, will promote appreciation of the country’s biological wealth, and the setting up of such parks should be encouraged. The green cover of the cities should be expanded to improve the quality of the city environment. Storm water management is a matter that requires urgent attention. Management plans have to be developed for all urban areas and projects initiated for their implementation. Integrated solid waste management and hazardous waste management strategies and actions should be implemented in all urban areas. This would include the provision of suitable sites for the management of these wastes and facilitating public-private partnerships for construction, management and operation of solid waste management systems. Taking measures for reducing waste output and for recycling and treating different types of waste will go a long way in reducing the volume of material that finally reaches landfill sites. These measures have been emphasized under the Mission: Doing Away with the Dumps. Sewer networks are now found only in three cities – in Colombo it serves 70% of the population and in Dehiwala and Kolonnawa only a small percentage of the households are connected. The development of networks with proper treatment facilities particularly for densely populated parts of some of the cities is one of the proposals. The setting up of biogas plants as a means of treating sewage is also considered. Improving the transport system would make a significant contribution towards enhancing the quality of the city environment. One of the proposals is to develop efficient transport systems and mark out bus lanes where necessary. Proposals are also made for tree-planting, and for providing for pedestrian movement and for cyclists along urban roads.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity

Mi ss i o n 8: Gr e e n Ci t i e s f o r He a l t h a nd Pr o sp e r i t y

St r a t e g i e s

1. Develop integrated urbanization plans to meet future environmental challenges.

2. Introduce state-of-the-art integrated solid waste management and hazardous waste management for all urban areas.

3. Manage urban sewage beneficially, without causing pollution.

4. Develop healthy & efficient transport networks in urban areas.

5. Conserve urban wetlands to maintain ecological stability.

6. Institutionalize actions related to landscape design & promoting establishment of green cities.

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity

Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/UD&SAD M/UD&SAD, UDA, NPPD, M/E&NR, M/H&CA, M/PC&LG and Donors UDA, M/UD&SAD UDA , M/UD&SAD 50 50% 50% level 100% Long Term 2009 -16 City level provincial provincial (additional) 25 04 e r i t y 30% 50% level term 2009-13 sp Medium City level provincial (additional) r o P Targets Targets 03 15 20% level 100% 100% Term Short nd 2009 -10 National City level (additional) a

h e a l t Baseline 2 provinces Existing policy Existing mechanism 31 H ns o r f

c t i o s A i t i e C n Indicators r e e Key Performance Number of physical plans level. gazetted at regional Policy established. Additional measures incorporated. Institutional Mechanism at National Strengthened and City Level. Provincial Number of development plans gazetted. of disaster Availability management measures. Urban design/townscape proposed. Urban landscape master plans with public outdoor recreation space systems for urban areas islandwide prepared. 8: G n i o ss i M Strategies/Actions Develop integrated urbanization urbanization integrated Develop future meet to plans environmental challenges. Actions National establish and Workout policy Sector Urbanization Framework (USPF) to meet challenges. future institutional the Strengthen the implement to mechanism (USPF) policy. urban gazette and Prepare development plans integrating concerns.all environmental 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity

Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/UD&SAD, UDA, NPPD M/UD&SAD, UDA, NPPD UDA, M/UD&SAD M/PC&LG, ULAs, SLLR&DC, M/UD&SAD, NWS&DB, M/WS&D M/PC&LG, ULAs, SLLR&DC, NWS&DB, M/WS&D M/PC&LG, ULAs M/UD&SAD, UDA 2015 cities 100% plans Long Term cities urban urban by 2015 by 2015 by 2015 100% of UCs by by UCs All MCs MCs All 2009 -16 15% LAs LAs 15% LAs 15% LAs 15% & 50% of 15 Urban

UCs term cities cities plans 35% of Urban Urban 30% of 30% of 2009-13 by 2013 by 2013 by 2013 by 2013 Medium 10% LAs 10% LAs 10% LAs 10 Urban Targets Targets cities cities plans Term Short Urban Urban 20% of 20% of by 2010 by 2010 by 2010 by 2010 5% LAs 5% LAs 5% LAs 5 Urban 2009 -10 25% MCs Baseline Not available As per the declaration of each urban plan Not available 2% of ULAs Not available Not available Not available Indicators Key Performance Number of compact, energy- efficient centers developed. Number of urban plans. for conservation covered Area needs. Performance Monitoring plan available at city level. Number of ULAs with integrated SUDS master plans. Number of ULAs implements SUDs master plans. Number of Squads established at ULAs. Regulations gazetted. Strategies/Actions Develop compact, Develop compact, urban centers. energy-efficient Keep adequate lands for conservation needs in urban areas. Monitor the performance and take actions to mitigate gaps. storm water Prepare/update management master plans for SUDS integrating areas urban all principles and technologies. action implement and Formulate with storm in accordance projects water management master plans. system drainage Establish maintenance and monitoring ensure to ULAs all in squads and inspection regular systematic etc. attention to cleaning, repairs, Formulate and gazette regulations Public of development (PORS) for Space Recreation Outdoor in areas urban all in Networks already guidelines with keeping by UDA. prepared 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity , DFC, Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/UD&SAD, UDA, ULAs M/UD&SAD, UDA, ULAs ULAs DBG M/UD&SAD M/L&LD, M/PI, UDA, M/UD&SAD, LRC, ULAs, M/PC&LG M/E&NR, CEA, ULAs, BOI, M/ID, M/PC&LG M/PC&LG, LAs LAs 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 2015 2016 2016 2015 2015 urban urban Long Term 30% of of 30% ULAs by by ULAs ULAs by by ULAs ULAs by by ULAs 2009 -16 All PSs by by PSs All by PSs All LAs 17% 17% 17% 2013 2013 2013 term 100% urban 20% of by2013 by 2013 by 2013 2009-13 All UCs All UCs ULAs by ULAs by ULAs by Medium Targets Targets 2010 2010 Term Short 10% of of 10% 10% of 10% of 10% of 50% by by 2011 by 2011 by 2010 by 2010 2009 -10 All MCs All MCs ULAs by urban LAs urban LAs urban LAs urban Baseline Not available Not available Not available one Existing systems Available solid waste management systems Existing dumps Indicators Key Performance scientific solid waste disposal systems. existing dumps ULAs where rehabilitated. Number of PORS Plans for cities. prepared biodiversity urban one least At area. park in each ULA Number of Cities with urban planting material nurseries. Number of solid waste management strategies Authorities. adopted in Local of urban areas Percentage sites assured. where Number of ULAs with total Strategies/Actions Formulate action plan and to prepare/improve implement PORS plans for each and implement it. urban area Encourage Urban Biodiversity Parks as part of the PORS network in each urban area. Facilitate development of urban planting material nurseries incorporating international standards. integrated state-of-the-art Introduce solid waste management and hazardous waste management strategies for all urban areas. Actions of sites for provision Ensure solid waste management and waste management hazardous activities. Facilitate public-private partnerships for construction, management & operation of solid waste management systems. Rehabilitate all existing dumps. 1.11 1.12 1.13 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity

Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/UD&SAD M/UD&SAD, UDA, ULAs, M/PC&LG M/S&T, Universities, NWS&DB, M/WS&D M/UD&SAD M/UD&SAD, UDA UDA , ULAs, M/Transport, M/H&RD, RDA, M/UD&SAD one 50% 2015 Long Term 20 cities 20 cities 20 cities 2009 -16 System by by System 20% term 2009-13 10 cities 10 cities 10 cities Medium Targets Targets 10% 2009 Term Short 5 cities 5 cities 5 cities 2009 -10 Baseline 3 cities 3 cities Existing facilities Not available Not available Not available Indicators Key Performance Reduction of pollution level. covered. Area Number of sewer networks at city level. Number bio gas plants with sewer net work each city. Number of healthy & efficient transport networks developed. covered. Area Publishing Guidelines and Standards. Number of Cities with MRT/ systems. LRT public

efficient

Strategies/Actions Introduce transport systems including necessary, where lanes bus etc. systems, LRT systems, MRT in townscape the in integrated an aesthetic manner. Manage urban sewage without causing beneficially, pollution. Actions in networks sewer of Provision cities. urban dense highly bio-gas of use Increase treatment sewage for technology an as gas the of use promote and source. energy efficient & healthy Develop transport networks in urban areas. Actions Establish guidelines and for space provision standards pedestrian movement for trees, and cycle movement in urban areas along roads Sri Lanka. throughout 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible UDA , ULAs, M/UD&SAD M/UD&SAD UDA, M/UD&SAD, SLLR&DC, M/L&LD UDA, M/UD&SAD, SLLR&DC, M/L&LD M/UD&SAD UDA, M/PC&LG, PCs, ULAs All 2015 2015 Long Term by 2015 by 2015 by 2015 by 2015 2009 -16 areas byareas provinces provinces All PSs by by PSs All 35% ULAs 35% ULAs 35% ULAs 35% ULAs 25% 25% Five 2013 2013 2013 2013 term 20% of 20% of by 2011 by 2013 2009-13 All UCs ULAs by ULAs by ULAs by ULAs by Medium provinces provinces Targets Targets 2010 2010 2010 2010 Term Short Three Three ULAs 10% of 10% of 10% of 10% of by 2010 by 2010 2009 -10 All MCs areas by areas ULAs by ULAs by ULAs by provinces provinces Baseline Not available Wetland Zoning Guidelines by prepared UDA Western Province Not available Not available Not available Indicators Key Performance Number of plans for public pedestrian movement networks at ULAs. Number of wetlands conserved. Declaration of wetlands in ULAs. ULAs of Number monitoring institutionalizing mechanism. cities Number of Green established. units Number of ULAs where established. Strategies/Actions Plan and establish public public establish and Plan pedestrian movement networks necessary. where to wetlands urban Conserve maintain ecological stability. Actions Declaration of wetlands. based city Establishing declared for systems monitoring wetlands. related actions Institutionalize to landscape design & promoting establishment of green cities. Actions Establish Landscape Units and design the city incorporating aspects, designgreening management and implementation, Authorities. in all Local 4.3 5. 5.1 5.2 6. 6.1

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 8: Green Cities for Health and Prosperity Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible UDA, M/UD&SAD UDA, M/UD&SAD Long Term by 2015 by 2015 2009 -16 35% ULAs35% ULAs35% 25% 25% 2013 2013 term 2009-13 Medium ULAs by ULAs by Targets Targets 2010 2010 Term Short 10% of 10% of 2009 -10 ULAs by ULAs by Baseline Not available Existing cities green Indicators Key Performance Targets set monitoring plan. Targets cities converted. Green Strategies/Actions Set targets to cover entire area and and area entire cover to targets Set performance. monitor green to in cities urban Transform green the extending cities urban places. cover at all appropriate 6.2 6.3

100

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

101

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

102

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 9: Greening the Industries

Mi ss i o n 9: Gr e e n i n g t h e Ind u s t r i e s

Pr e a m b l e

Sri Lanka’s industrial sector, driven by private enterprise, is a major contributor to the country’s economy. Its contribution to the GDP has progressively increased over the years and now stands at 27%, second only to the services sector. Expectations are that it will continue to gain in importance in its capacity for providing employment and its potential for attracting foreign exchange. The manufacturing industries have the potential for causing environmental damage by discharging waste products which are often toxic and hazardous. Among the industries of particular concern are textile dyeing and bleaching; paper; paints; cement; asbestos; leather tanning; rubber processing; food processing; distilleries; manufacturing of agricultural and mineral products; and metal works. Industrial effluents are sources of toxic inorganic compounds containing heavy metals as well as organic compounds. Hitherto much effort has gone into trying to resolve the problem of industrial waste management. The National Environmental Act is the main legislative enactment under which several regulations pertaining to the discharge of pollutants have been gazetted. The main regulatory body is the Central Environmental Agency. Under the law it is mandatory that an initial environmental examination report or an environmental impact assessment be prepared and approval obtained before certain prescribed industries are set up. The environmental protection licensing scheme requires existing industries that produce considerable quantities of liquid waste to have in-house waste water treatment plants. One approach that has been adopted and could be replicated is to have a common effluent treatment plant for industries grouped in an industrial estate. Despite the range of legislative, administrative and regulatory actions taken to improve the performance of industries in safeguarding the environment, pollution from industrial sources is still a common occurrence. Strategies and actions are proposed for greening the industries and eliminating sources of environmental degradation in accordance with the national policy on cleaner production. Several measures for consolidating cleaner production in industries are set out. These include reducing emission of pollutants and wastage of resources, targeting small and medium industries to exercise environmental care and social responsibility, promoting energy use efficiency, and switching to renewable energy use where possible. The establishment of eco-friendly industrial parks in the regions is proposed while also taking steps to improve the environmental infrastructure in the existing industrial estates. A scheme for establishing environmental performance criteria for the individual industries in the industrial estates could be introduced. Industries should be encouraged to obtain ISO14001 certification. Among the other proposals are promoting the use of environmentally friendly raw material, encouraging industries to recover resources from selected wastes, and encouraging industries to apply for carbon credits for their renewable energy projects.

103

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 9: Greening the Industries

Mi ss i o n 9: Gr e e n i n g t h e Ind u s t r i e s

St r a t e g i e s

1. Consolidate Cleaner Production in Industries.

2. Establish Eco-industrial parks.

3. Certification of Industries.

4. Greening the Supply Chain.

5. Closing the Loop and Industrial Ecology.

6. Incentives for environmental friendly investments.

104

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 9: Greening the Industries Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/ID M/ID, NCPC, M/H&N M/ID, NCPC, M/RI&SEP, M/H&N M/ID, NCPC M/ID, NCPC 50% 50% 50% 10% Long Term 2009 -16 100 SMEs 5% 30% 25% 30% term 2009-13 25 SMEs Medium s Targets Targets 5% 5% 2% t r i e 10% Term Short s 5 SMEs 2009 -10 u nd I e h Baseline t

Current Situation <2% Current Emission be level (To established) No organized for projects SMEs Current Emission Level (to be established) Less than 50 industries participate currently g ns n i n c t i o A r e e 9: G Indicators n Key Performance i o ss i Percentage of Industries Percentage practicing CP. % emission reduction. Industries covered. Participation of SMEs in the project. REAP Best practices adopted. in GHG reduction Total industries. emission from % industries participation. M Strategies/Actions Consolidate Cleaner Production in Industries. Actions wastage Reduce resource and Industrial Pollution from Industries. & Social Drive Environmental Responsibility of SMEs. efficiency energy Promote among industries to reduce dependence on fossil-fuels. and Recognize, appreciate industries excel in reward Responsibility Environmental conservation resources through National Cleaner through Awards. Production 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

105

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 9: Greening the Industries Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/ID M/ID/ Regional Industrial Development Division M/ID/ Regional Industrial Development Division M/ID/ Regional Industrial Development Division M/ID M/ID, NCPC 10 75% 75% 50% Long Term 100% 500Nos 2009 -16 04 50% 50% 50% 20% term 2009-13 100Nos Medium Targets Targets 01 20% 20% 20% 10% Term Short 10Nos 2009 -10 Baseline No EIPs currently Current situation Currently no special criteria Currently no such estates <1% Now Currently <50 industries certified Indicators Key Performance Percent growth in EIPs. growth Percent infrastructure Environmental introduced/improved. Performance Environmental Criteria established. industrial Number of regional estates established with eco friendly applications. of certified Growth Percent industries. Number of industries certified. Strategies/Actions Establish Eco-industrial Parks (EIPs) Actions environmental Improve in existing infrastructure Industrial Estate. Establish Environmental performance criteria for all industries in Industrial Estates. industrial Develop regional with estates in each region enhanced environmental considerations. Certification of Industries. Actions ISO 14001 certification Promote of industries established outside the Industrial Estate. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1

106

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 9: Greening the Industries Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/ID, NCPC M/ID M/ID, NCPC, M/H&N M/ID, NCPC M/ID, NCPC M/ID, NCPC M/ID, NCPC 10 10% 35% 75% 30% Set of Long Term 75 PDDs 2009 -16 Guidelines 03 5% term 20% 25% 20% Draft 2009-13 Medium 25 PDDs Guidelines Targets Targets 01 2% 5% 10% 10% Term Short 10 PDDs 2009 -10 Baseline Currently Currently no industrial estate Current situation (Zero) Current Guidelines Currently no green Procurement network Current level <2% Current level (0) Currently no formal Change currently Indicators Key Performance Number of industries certified. in growth Percent to establishments resorting procurement. green Guidelines available. network purchased Green available. Number of industries switched fuels. to renewable Number of CERS received. in hazardous % reduction substances. certification 14001 ISO Strategies/Actions Facilitate of industries located within industrial estate. Greening the Supply Chain. Actions Develop guidelines to facilitate industries to select and procure friendly raw environmentally materials. purchasing. green Promote Facilitate industries to Switch fuels. to renewable Encourage industries to apply for their for carbon credits projects. energy renewable Encourage Substitution of substance with hazardous substances in non hazardous industries. 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

107

.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 9: Greening the Industries

Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/ID, NCPC M/ID M/ID Industrial NCPC M/ID Industrial Policy NCPC Division, M/ID Industrial Policy NCPC Division, M/ID Policy Division, Policy 25% 25% 50% 30% 40% Long Term 2009 -16 10% 15% 25% 50% 15% 15% term 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 20% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Currently no formal Change Current level <0.1% Current Situation <2% Current situation no formal matching Current situation <0.1% Current Situation (to be established) Indicators Key Performance % reduction of non renewable. % reduction waste emissions / Percent switched as discharges for other enterprises. resources % wastes recycled. Number of industries involved materials in resource/waste sharing. materials used. % recycled Reduction of total Pollution Load Environmental Investments. Green through Strategies/Actions Encourage use of renewable Encourage use of renewable materials in industries place materials of non renewable possible. wherever Closing the Loop and Industrial Ecology. Actions industries to recover Promote selected wastes from resources within and between streams industries. Match industries when selecting industrial estates to maximize and focally reuse resource materials in industries. recycled a platform to motivate Create the use of locally recycled material symbiosis within closely located industries. Incentives for environmental friendly investments. 4.6 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 9: Greening the Industries Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/ID M/ID 300 Long Term 100% 2009 -16 beneficiaries 125 50% term 2009-13 Medium beneficiaries Targets Targets 50 20% Term Short 2009 -10 beneficiaries Baseline Exfriends loan scheme grant PEP scheme Current Situation (to be established) Indicators Key Performance Financial scheme/s available. taken. Measures Strategies/Actions financial scheme/s (Green to facilitate industries Credit) to switch Environmental Sustainable Technologies(EST). Monitor performance strictly to evaluate the expected outcome and take actions timely to bridge the gaps. Actions innovative low interest Promote 6.1 6.2

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 10: Knowledge for Right Choices

Mi ss i o n 10: Kn o w l e d g e f o r Ri g h t Ch o i c e s

Pr e a m b l e

Accomplishing the missions and attaining the goal of Haritha Lanka would require the country to steer through a path of sustainable development. The importance of sustainable development was highlighted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, dubbed the Earth Summit, which was held in 1992. For the first time in the history of the United Nations, countries were invited to be represented by their heads of state. The message was clear – there was an overwhelming need for all countries to make a concerted effort to meet the challenge of balancing economic development with environmental care, and this message had to be accepted and acted upon by all countries at the highest political level. Sri Lanka’s strategy for sustainable development focuses on eradicating poverty, ensuring competitiveness in the economy, improving social development, ensuring good governance and maintaining a clean and healthy environment. Every action in pursuit of economic development requires hard choices to be made to strike a balance between obtaining short term benefits and exercising proper environmental care. The government’s role is clear – it has to take measures to support economic development while ensuring that such development does not degrade the environment and so stultify the sustainability of the development programmes. Political will, supported by a clear understanding of the need to balance economic development with environmental protection is a sine qua non for accomplishing the missions. Foremost among the strategies is, therefore, the dissemination of information on sustainable development to the political sector. While the attention of those in the political sector will be focused mainly on socio-economic development, they must be made aware of the environmental safeguards that must be applied. Members of parliament, in particular, must be informed periodically on key national and international environmental issues which need priority attention. Members of provincial councils and local government bodies should also be kept informed on different aspects of sustainable development. Much could be achieved by sensitizing the school going population on the benefits of protecting the environment. This could be done through making the necessary changes in the existing curricula and syllabi. It is also very necessary to conduct awareness programmes for principals, teachers and student leaders. While learning the tenets of environmental care, the students could be encouraged to take part in practical exercises relating to the subject in and around the school. Sustainable development aspects at a much more advanced level should be incorporated into appropriate course units in the universities and technical colleges. The youth and the general public are vital segments of the population that need to be convinced of the importance of exercising proper environmental care if sustainable development programmes are to achieve complete success. In this respect, women could play an active role as change agents. Knowledge on sustainable development should also be disseminated among the private sector and professional bodies.

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Mi ss i o n 10: Kn o w l e d g e f o r Ri g h t Ch o i c e s

St r a t e g i e s

1. Disseminate information periodically on sustainable development to the political sector.

2. Promote behavior of students in support of the sustainable development.

3. Integrate physical, ecological and other environmental sensitive policies and practices within the school education system.

4. Incorporate sustainable development aspects in the curricular of Universities.

5. Incorporate sustainable development aspects in the curricular of Technical Colleges.

6. Promote behavioral changes amongst youth towards sustainable production and consumption.

7. Promote women to become change agents towards sustainable production and consumption practices.

8. Promote sustainable production & consumption practices amongst the general public.

9. Disseminate knowledge on Sustainable Development among the private sector and other professional bodies.

10. Ensure Environmental concerns are adequately incorporated at the project planning stage of all projects.

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 10: Knowledge for Right Choices Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR M/E&NR, CEA, DWLC, GSMB, MPPA, M/UD&SAD, DFC, M/H&N M/E&NR, CEA, DWLC, GS&MB, MPPA, M/UD&SAD, M/LG&PC, PCs, DFC M/E 80% Long Term 100% 100% 100% 2009 -16 reduction s term 50% 60% 30% 60% 2009-13 Medium reduction reduction o i c e h 20% 25% 10% 25% Term Targets Targets Short C 2009 -10 t reduction reduction h i g R o r f

Baseline ns g e Existing conflicts/ complaints (in 2008) taken up at the Parliamentary Consultative Committee N umber of items taken up at consultative committee meetings on conflicting issues. Number of decisions taken to solve conflicting issu es. Nu mber of complaints to related received environmental degradati on(2008) 2009 Year d c t i o A o w w l e n Indicators 10: K Key Performance n i o Increased awareness on key awareness Increased issues to be environmental in socio-economic considered development. Reduction of complaints/ conflicts. on key awareness Increased issues to be environmental in socio-economic considered development. Reduction of complaints/ conflicts. on awareness Increased sustainable development of issues and reduction complaints. skills, related Environment competencies and knowledge on sustainable development inculcated in all the schools. ss i M Strategies/Actions Actions Disseminate information periodically on sustainable development to the political sector. Keep the members of parliament (MPs) informed periodically on key national and international environmental issues which need priority attention in socio-economic development, through parliamentary consultative committees and other means. Disseminate information on to sustainable issues related development periodically and local level to provincial political sector (authorities). Promote behavior of students in support of the sustainable development. 1. 1.1 1.2 2.

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 10: Knowledge for Right Choices Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E and NIE M/E and NIE M/E and NIE M/E, NIE , EPDs, M/NB&EID EPDs EPDs M/E Long Term 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 60% 2009 -16 term 2009-13 35% 30% 10% 20% 20% 25% Medium Targets Targets Term Short 2009 -10 15% 10% 5% 10% 5% 15% Baseline Year 2009 Year 2009 Year 2009 Year 2009 Year 2009 Year 2009 Year 2009 Year related

with

Indicators Key Performance identified

areas subject domain. identified. Subject areas Sustainable on Concepts Development incorporated. programmes Awareness conducted. conducted. Workshops consulted. groups Target Survey completed and reports available. Policies institutionalized. Environmental related subject related Environmental

Strategies/Actions iew the existing curriculum curriculum existing the iew Actions Rev to sustainable development; primary (Grade1-5), secondary (Grade12-13). ALs (Grade6-11), related environmental Identify components enshrined in the existing syllabi by different curriculum teams. Incorporate identified special to the in relation subject areas education forenvironmental the to development sustainable syllabi. current programmes awareness Create National - trainers of training for Level. Level and Provincial programmes awareness Create teachers, principals, for parent and leaders student representatives. level assess to survey a Adopt leaningof acquisition related competencies by students. ecological physical, Integrate environmental other and practices and policies sensitive within the school education system. and identify curriculum curriculum identify and based principle subject areas relating practices) and (Concept 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 10: Knowledge for Right Choices Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible EPDs , M/E M/E M/E&NR UGC , Universities, M/HE UGC , Universities, M/HE, M/H&N 60% 100% Long Term 2009 -16 30% 30% term 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 10% 10% 40% 60% 60% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Year 2009 Year Not Available Percentage in covered 2008 Existing curriculum covering Sustainable Development issues. Exis ting subject areas & modules available with the life cycle managem ent sustainable

and

Indicators Key Performance identified development aspects incorporated. which needSubject areas separate modules identified. New modules developed. Check lists issued. mechanisms Monitoring available and Reports of feedback. development Sustainable incorporated. aspects Curriculum reviewed. areas subject Appropriate

Strategies/Actions curricular of universities. Actions curriculum existing the Review subject and identify appropriate that need to be revised areas sustainable incorporating Development practices and incorporation. for measures take which areas subject Identify need separate modules to integration cycle Life complete to modules separate develop and coverage. adequate ensure Actions comprehensive a Issue check safeguard environmental going by partners relevant to list ordinances necessary through and acts. all steps to ensure Take educational institutions in system education general the to predefined to adhere safeguard environmental policies and ascertain a learner at environment greener friendly school sustainable Incorporate development aspects in to the 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 10: Knowledge for Right Choices Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible UGC, Universities, M/E&NR, CEA M/E&NR M/V&TT , TVEC, M/E&NR, CEA M/V&TT, TVEC, M/E&NR, CEA M/V&TT, TVEC, CEA 100% 100% 100% Long Term 2009 -16 60% 60% 50% term 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets Term Short 20% 40% 40% 2009 -10 Baseline Available Available curriculum Existing curriculum covering sustainable development aspects. Available subject area Available curricula covering Sustainable Development Existing monitoring system Indicators Key Performance Gaps identified. updated/validated. Curricula development Sustainable aspects incorporated. identified. Key subject areas Curricula revised. reports. Progress System developed to measure performance. Feedback reports.

Strategies/Actions Actions in the Identify key subject areas education technical all of curricula integration need which courses andof sustainable production consumption practices. Revise the curricular by sustainable of integration consumption and production practices. Develop a system to measure integration the of performance the revise to actions take and where appropriate as curricula necessary. Review the outcome of the the of outcome the Review communicating by incorporation and makers policy national with take necessary actions to update/ validate the curricula. sustainable Incorporate the in aspects development Colleges. curricula of Technical 4.3 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3

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Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR National council, Youth M/YA, M/MM&I, M/CA, CEA, M/E&NR, VC M/S&T, National council , Youth M/YA, M/MM&I, CEA, M/CA, M/E&NR, VC National council, Youth M/YA, M/MM&I, M/CA,CEA, M/E&NR VC M/S&T, 50% Long Term 2009 -16 25% term 100% 2009-13 Medium 10% 40% Targets Targets 100% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing behavioral changes/ practices Existing media campaigns and vertisements which provide incentives for change behavior. Existing modules covering sustainable development practices. Existing modules covering sustainable development practices. Indicators Key Performance Best practices adopted Success stories & failures. demand on Increasing friendly environmental and systems. products Communication models developed to suit different and tested for groups target validity. Number of youth/Youth contacted/involved. groups Number of surveys conducted available with and reports feedback. Strategies/Actions Promote behavioral changes changes behavioral Promote towards youth amongst and production sustainable consumption. Actions user develop and Identify models communication friendly that can be used to acquire values and knowledge skills, youth of behaviors promote that andon sustainable production consumption practices. among models these Popularize access toyouth and provide know-how. Develop feedback systems to the of effectiveness the evaluate modules and take appropriate actions to meet challenges. 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 10: Knowledge for Right Choices Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR , M/CD&WA M/E&NR, CEA, Bureau, Women’s M/NB&EID M/CD&WA, CEA, Bureau, Women’s M/NB&EID , M/CD&WA CEA, Bureau, Women’s M/NB&EID M/E&NR 3 Long Term 2009 -16 Provinces 100% 100% 4 term 2009-13 Medium provinces 100% 50% 50% Targets Targets 1 Term Short 2009 -10 Province 100% 30% 20% 20% Baseline Available Available Practices Existing communication methods available Existing modules Existing modules Existing best practices Traditional practices

Indicators Key Performance Number of Community act as change agents. groups Best practices adopted. Number of Declarations signed. Provinces covered. Provinces User friendly communication models developed. Number of women groups consulted/involved. Number of women groups contacted/involved. Number of surveys conducted and reports available with feedback. Best practices adopted. Success stories & failures. Strategies/Actions Promote women to become change agents towards sustainable production and consumption practices. Actions Identify and develop user friendly communication access to models and provide know how and information to behavioral changes promote and for sustainable production consumption patterns at house hold and community level. Popularize these models among women and provide access to know-how. Develop feedback systems to of the evaluate the effectiveness modules and take appropriate actions to meet challenges. Promote sustainable production & consumption practices amon-gst the general public. 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 10: Knowledge for Right Choices Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible CEA, M/E&NR, M/CA , M/MM&I, M/E&NR, CEA, M/NB&EID M/CA , Sector, Pvt. Banks, M/E&NR M/E&NR M/E&NR, Sector, Pvt. Banks Long Term 2009 -16 100% term 2009-13 Medium 50% 100% 100% Targets Targets 30% 50% 50% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing media media Existing campaigns and advertisements provide which incentives change for behavior. Existing modules Available information Existing mechanism Indicators Key Performance Communication models models Communication developed to suit different and tested groups target validity. for Methodology adopted to popularize the models. dissemination of Number events taken place. lessons and practices Good learnt. mechanism Communication established. Strategies/Actions Actions user develop and Identify models communication friendly skills, acquire to used be can that that values and knowledge general of behaviors promote production sustainable on public and consumption practices. among models these Popularize general public. Disseminate knowledge on Development Sustainable and sector private the among other professional bodies. Actions Develop a communication mechanism and access to information on sustainable development issues with best practices. 8.1 8.2 9. 9.1

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Lead Agency (In Bold) Responsible M/E&NR M/E&NR, Sector, Pvt. Banks M/LR&M M/F&P NPD, M/F&P CEA , M/E&NR, All the Ministries newintroduces policies Long Term 2009 -16 70% term 100% 100% 100% 2009-13 Medium Targets Targets 30% 30% 100% Term Short 2009 -10 Baseline Existing System Existing practices Available IEE and EIA procedures Existing system Existing programs, & Plans policies Indicators Key Performance A component included in the A website. development Sustainable in incorporated practices private sector. increased. jobs green of Number Number of Projects. covered. Area changes structural Appropriate made. Number of Strategic Assessments Environmental (SEA) introduced. covered. Area Strategies/Actions Include a component in the the in component a Include Haritha Lanka website to on information to access ensure issues development sustainable to private sector andrelated bodies. professional private sector and other Promote institutions professional sustainable incorporate to the in practices development development social and economic systems/procedures. concerns Environmental Ensure at incorporated adequately are the project planning stage of all projects. Actions system existing the Strengthen of the Department National environmental ensure to Planning at considered are concerns the initial stage of project planning. StrategicIntroduce Assessments Environmental (SEA) for major development programmes/Plans/Policies. 9.2 9.3 10. 10.1 10.2

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...... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

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.... National Action Plan for Haritha Lanka Programme Mission 1: Clean Air - Everywhere

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