DOCSLIB.ORG

Domestic Tuna Industry Development in the Pacific Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Domestic Tuna Industry Development in the Pacific Islands Domestic Tuna Industry Development in the Pacific Islands The Currentt Siittuation and Consiiderattiions ffor Futture Devellopmentt Assiisttance 2 v 19 Jan Domestic Tuna Industry Development in the Pacific Islands The Current Situation and Considerations for Future Development Assistance FFA Report 03/01 Robert Gillett January 2003 GILLETT, PRESTON AND ASSOCIATES INC . 3 Cover photographs Large-scale and small-scale tuna fishing in the Pacific Islands: (top) The Nien Feioch, owned by the Chuuk Public Fisheries Corporation catches about 4,500 mt of tuna per year (photo: B. Kumar). (bottom) Mosese Ciri (age 13) and Molitoni Taro (age 11) were using their father’s skiff for fishing at the FAD off Suva in October 2002 when they hooked three large yellowfin. With a bit of help from nearby boats, the fish were landed and sold to Fiji Fish Company for US$650 (photo: G. Southwick) 4 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................................7 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2 SUMMARY OF THE FIELD WORK.......................................................................................................... 11 1.3 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................................... 12 2.0 COUNTRY-SPECIFIC INFORMATION .............................................................................................. 13 3.0 DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY INFORMATION................................................... 15 4.0 CONSTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND INTERVENTIONS .......................................................... 17 4.1 CONSTRAINTS.................................................................................................................................... 17 4.2 OPPORTUNITIES................................................................................................................................. 20 4.3 INTERVENTIONS .................................................................................................................................. 21 5.0 OBSERVATIONS AND CONS IDERATIONS ON TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT .................. 22 5.1 WHO IS SUCCESSFUL IN THE TUNA INDUSTRY ?.................................................................................. 23 5.2 FOREIGN INVESTMENT........................................................................................................................ 24 5.3 TUNA MANAGEMENT PLANS ................................................................................................................ 25 5.4 COMMERCIAL INVOLVEMENT OF GOVERNMENTS IN THE TUNA INDUSTRY ............................................ 26 5.5 SMALL-SCALE TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT................................................................................... 28 5.6 APPLICABILITY OF SAMOA ALIA FISHING AND ECONOMICS OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES...................... 29 5.8 AIR FREIGHT....................................................................................................................................... 32 5.9 DISSEMINATION OF REPORTS AND OTHER ASPECTS OF FISHERIES INFORMATION............................... 33 5.10 FISHERIES ASSOCIATIONS ................................................................................................................ 34 5.11 RIGHTS-BASED MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................... 37 5.12 TAXATION......................................................................................................................................... 38 5.13 FUEL................................................................................................................................................ 40 5.14 FSM ARRANGEMENT........................................................................................................................ 42 5.15 OTHER OBSERVATIONS RELEVANT TO FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE .................................... 43 6.0 CONSIDERATIONS ON FUTURE FFA INVOLVEMENT IN DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT......................................................................................................................................... 45 6.1 SPECIFIC AREAS FOR FFA INVOLVEMENT .......................................................................................... 45 6.2 INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................................... 47 7.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 50 APPENDIX 1 – COUNTRY INFORMATION.............................................................................................. 60 SOLOMON ISLANDS................................................................................................................................. 60 INVENTORY OF DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................... 60 OTHER INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 61 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES......................................................................................................... 62 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT................................. 63 CONSTRAINTS IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................... 63 OPPORTUNITIES IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................. 64 INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ......................................................... 65 SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS.................................................................. 65 5 PAPUA NEW GUINEA............................................................................................................................... 69 INVENTORY OF DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................... 69 OTHER INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 71 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES......................................................................................................... 72 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT................................. 73 CONSTRAINTS IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................... 74 OPPORTUNITIES IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................. 75 INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ......................................................... 77 SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS.................................................................. 77 FIJI .............................................................................................................................................................. 81 INVENTORY OF DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................... 81 OTHER INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 86 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES......................................................................................................... 87 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT................................. 88 CONSTRAINTS IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................... 89 OPPORTUNITIES IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................. 91 INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ......................................................... 92 SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS.................................................................. 93 FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA................................................................................................ 97 INVENTORY OF DOMESTIC TUNA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................... 97 OTHER INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................... 101 CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES....................................................................................................... 102 CONSTRAINTS IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................. 104 OPPORTUNITIES IN DOMESTIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................... 106 INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ....................................................... 107 SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS...............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In the Privy Council on Appeal from the Court of Appeal of Pitcairn Islands
    IN THE PRIVY COUNCIL ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL OF PITCAIRN ISLANDS No. of 2004 BETWEEN STEVENS RAYMOND CHRISTIAN First Appellant LEN CALVIN DAVIS BROWN Second Appellant LEN CARLISLE BROWN Third Appellant DENNIS RAY CHRISTIAN Fourth Appellant CARLISLE TERRY YOUNG Fifth Appellant RANDALL KAY CHRISTIAN Sixth Appellant A N D THE QUEEN Respondent CASE FOR STEVENS RAYMOND CHRISTIAN AND LEN CARLISLE BROWN PETITIONERS' SOLICITORS: Alan Taylor & Co Solicitors - Privy Council Agents Mynott House, 14 Bowling Green Lane Clerkenwell, LONDON EC1R 0BD ATTENTION: Mr D J Moloney FACSIMILE NO: 020 7251 6222 TELEPHONE NO: 020 7251 3222 6 PART I - INTRODUCTION CHARGES The Appellants have been convicted in the Pitcairn Islands Supreme Court of the following: (a) Stevens Raymond Christian Charges (i) Rape contrary to s7 of the Judicature Ordinance 1961 and s1 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956 (x4); (ii) Rape contrary to s14 of the Judicature Ordinance 1970 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956. Sentence 4 years imprisonment (b) Len Carlisle Brown Charges Rape contrary to s7 of the Judicature Ordinance 1961, the Judicature Ordinance 1970, and s1 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956 (x2). Sentence 2 years imprisonment with leave to apply for home detention The sentences have been suspended and the Appellants remain on bail pending the determination of this appeal. HUMAN RIGHTS In relation to human rights issues, contrary to an earlier apparent concession by the Public Prosecutor that the Human Rights Act 1978 applied to the Pitcairn Islands, it would appear not to have been extended to them, at least in so far as the necessary protocols to the Convention have not been signed to enable Pitcairners to appear before the European Court: R (Quark Fisheries Ltd) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2005] 3 WLR 7 837 (Tab ).
    [Show full text]
  • 020916 Closing Report.Indd
    Commonwealth Parliamentary Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Project Asia-Pacific Regional Workshop for Parliamentarians 25-28 July 2016 Parliament of Queensland Workshop Closing Report #Cyberparl Contents Project Overview 3 Workshop Aim & Objectives 4 Workshop Overview 5 Acknowledgements 6 Delegate List 7 Programme Summary 8 Final Programme 20 Monitoring & Evaluation 28 About Us 31 Project Overview Commonwealth Parliamentary Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Project 3 Project Overview The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association UK (CPA UK) - working in partnership with the Organization of American States (OAS), the Commonwealth Secretariat and with the support of the Parliament of Queensland - delivered the Asia-Pacific Regional Workshop on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime for Parliamentarians over the period of 25 - 28 July 2016. This workshop was one of three regional workshops delivered by CPA UK and its partners as part of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Project. The project is being funded by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Cybersecurity Capacity Building Programme. The Commonwealth Parliamentary Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Project comprises of: • Asia-Pacific Regional Workshop on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime for Parliamentarians, Brisbane, Australia, 25-28 July 2016 • Caribbean Regional Workshop on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime for Parliamentarians, Officials and Ministers, Washington D.C., USA, 17-20 October 2016 • Africa Regional Workshop on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime for Parliamentarians, Windhoek, Namibia, 21- 25 November 2016 • A Cybersecurity Day, 31 March 2017, as part of CPA UK’s International Parliamentary Conference (IPC) on National Security, London, UK, 27-31 March 2017 One of the project’s main output, the International Parliamentarians’ e-Handbook on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime, is to be launched at the IPC in March 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 National Budget
    Government of Tuvalu 2015 National Budget Presented on 16 December 2014 By the Hon Maatia Toafa Minister for Finance and Economic Development Prepared by: Planning and Budget Department Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Table of Contents I. Foreword by Minister for Finance and Economic Development....................................................................................................... 3 II. Explanatory Notes ............................................................................................... 5 III. 2015 Budget Highlights ........................................................................................ 6 IV. 2015 Economic Outlook ....................................................................................... 9 V. Medium Term Fiscal Framework 2015 – 2017 .................................................... 14 MTFF Aggregates ........................................................................................................................... 14 Revenue ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Expenditure ................................................................................................................................................... 17 Financial Assets .............................................................................................................................. 20 Public Debt ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TUVALU Date of Elections
    TUVALU Date of Elections: 8 September 1981 Purpose of Elections Elections were held for all the seats in Parliament on the expiry of the normal term of office for members. Characteristics of Parliament The Parliament of Tuvalu is unicameral. It is composed of 12 elected members and an ex-officio member, the Attorney-General. Although the Attorney-General sits in Parliament, his role is purely advisory and he has no vote. The 12 members are elected by universal suffrage for a term of 4.years. The number of members to be elected from each constituency is determined by population in the ratio of one member for every 1,000 people. The 12 elected members in turn elect a Prime Minister and a Speaker from amongst themselves by secret ballot. Electoral System Members of Parliament are elected by the simple majority system. The eight islands of Tuvalu constitute boundaries for the eight constituencies, four of which return two members each and the four others one each. To be a candidate for membership of Parliament a person must be a citizen of Tuvalu, 21 years of age and proposed by three electors. No monetary deposit is required. However, any person who owes allegiance to a foreign power or State, is an undischarged insolvent, insane or of unsound mind, under sentence of death or serving imprisonment for a term exceeding 12 months, disqualified from membership under an election law, or one who, unless exempted by law, holds any public office, is not qualified to be elected as a member of Parliament. Every cititzen of Tuvalu who has attained the age of 18 years and is resident in Tuvalu may vote in general elections provided that he/she registers himself/herself as an elector.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Health
    FIFTH MEETING CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH NADI, FIJI 20 - 22 AUGUST 2019 NOTE: The views expressed in this report are those of the participants of the Fifth Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentarian Forum on Global Health and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the conveners. This report has been prepared by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific as Secretariat and for those who participated in the Fifth Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentarian Forum on Global Health in Nadi, Fiji from 20 to 22 August 2019. Cover Photo: WHO/Yoshi Shimizu WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC FIFTH MEETING CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH Hosted by the Speaker of the: PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF FIJI With support from: MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES, REPUBLIC OF FIJI WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC Nadi, Fiji 20 - 22 August 2019 Not for sale Printed and distributed by: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Manila, Philippines November 2019 FIFTH MEETING CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH CONTENTS SUMMARY .................................................... 8 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 10 1.1 Meeting Organization 11 1.2 Meeting Objectives 11 2. PROCEEDINGS ............................................. 12 2.1 Traditional Welcome Ceremony 12 2.2 Opening Ceremony 13 2.3 SESSION 1: Highlighting Progress in Countries to Achieve Health in the SDGs 14 2.3.1 The Seoul Declaration: A Commitment to Action
    [Show full text]
  • 0-1 Cover WPLSUMMIT
    WOMEN POLITICAL LEADERS WPL SUMMIT 2019 ADVANCING SOCIETY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) 25-27 June – Tokyo, Japan WPL（Women Political Leaders） SUMMIT 2019 Report Tokyo（Japan） 25－27 June 2019 Table of contents Ⅰ Summary and Results of WPL Summit 2019 ······························ 1 Ⅱ List of the Japanese Delegation ········································· 2 Ⅲ List of the Committee for the Women Political Leaders Summit 2019 in Japan ····· 3 Ⅳ List of the Participants １ Countries and International Organizations ······························ 4 ２ Delegations ························································ 5 ３ Mayors and Local Assembly Members in Japan ························ 21 Ⅴ Programme ························································· 22 Ⅵ Summary of the Plenary Sessions 【WEDNESDAY, 26 JUNE】 １ OPENING SESSION ············································· 37 ２ KEYNOTE: TAKING ACTIONS TO ADVANCE SOCIETY THROUGH SDGs ···· 41 ３ PLENARY SESSION 1: WOMEN AND THE ROLE OF ASIA IN THE WORLD ········ 43 ４ PLENARY SESSION 2: ADVANCING SOCIETY WITH WOMEN AS POLITICAL LEADERS ·· 45 ５ PLENARY SESSION 3: ADVANCING THE WORLD WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS … 49 【THURSDAY, 27 JUNE】 １ VIDEO MESSAGES ·············································· 53 ２ Q&A: ADVANCING TOMORROW’S LEADERS ······················ 55 ３ A CONVERSATION: HEALTH AND WOMEN ························ 56 ４ KEYNOTE: ADVANCING HEALTH FOR ALL ························ 57 ５ PLENARY SESSION 1: ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE AND ESTABLISHING A RECYCLING SOCIETY
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Parliamentary Involvement in International Affairs
    Parliamentary Involvement in International Affairs A report by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) to the Second World Conference of Speakers of Parliaments New York, 7-9 September, 2005 - 2 - PARLIAMENTARY INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Foreword When Speakers of parliaments met for the first time in a world conference of its kind in September 2000, they adopted a solemn declaration1 that called for greater involvement of parliaments in international affairs. Gone were they days, they stated, when politics was a purely domestic business, if ever it had been. Whether they wanted to or not, legislatures everywhere were under mounting pressure to debate an ever more transnational agenda. Parliaments simply had no choice but to engage in multilateral negotiations, if only because the responsibility fell squarely on their shoulders when it came to enacting the results into domestic law. If their place in international affairs was no longer open to dispute, the procedures whereby parliaments brought their influence to bear in the international arena continued to vary widely. The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the convenor of the 2000 Conference, was keen to discover whether behind the intricate strands there was a single pattern. In 2004, the organization put a number of questions to Speakers of parliaments throughout the world in order to find out to what extent and in what manner their parliaments had become involved in international affairs, in keeping with the millennium pledge. 2 The report that follows is a compilation of the responses. The survey has shown that almost all parliaments - in developed and developing countries alike - have unique experiences to share in respect of their involvement in international affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • TUVALU 2002 Economic and Public Sector Review
    i Introduction TUVALU 2002 Economic and Public Sector Review Published by the Asian Development Bank in consultation with the Government of Tuvalu and with support from the Australian Agency for International Development Bruce Knapman, Malcolm Ponton, and Colin Hunt ii 2002 Economic and Public Sector Review © Asian Development Bank All rights reserved First published in November 2002 This publication was prepared by consultants for the Asian Development Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in it do not necessarily represent the views of ADB or those of its member governments. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in the publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any conse- quences of their use. ISBN 971-561-459-0 Publication Stock No. 060402 Asian Development Bank P.O. Box 789, 0980, Manila, Philippines Website: www.adb.org Pacific Studies Series The series is published by the Asian Development Bank to provide the governments of its Pacific developing member countries with analyses of economic and other issues. The studies are also expected to shed light on the problems facing governments and the people in the Pacific islands, and to suggest development strategies that combine both political and economic feasibility. Human Resource Development: Small Pacific Island Countries (March 1995) Cook Islands: Economic Performance, Issues and Strategies (July 1995) Strategy for the Pacific: Policies and Programs for Sustainable Growth (March 1996) Sociocultural Issues
    [Show full text]
  • IPU Regional Seminar on Engaging Parliaments of the Pacific Region in the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1540
    IPU Regional Seminar on Engaging Parliaments of the Pacific Region in the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1540 18-20 September 2019 Wellington, New Zealand 1 | Page ​ ​ Contents Welcome message 3 Programme 4 Delegate biographies 10 Information on organisations and parliaments 33 Useful information and directory 42 Map of parliamentary precinct 44 Text of UNSCR 1540 45 2 | Page ​ ​ Welcome to the IPU Seminar for the Pacific Region Kia ora, haere mai and welcome to Inter-Parliamentary Union Seminar for Parliaments of the Pacific Region, and to the Parliament of New Zealand. We are pleased to have you with us for this seminar and hope that you will enjoy coming together for the IPU Seminar. A number of you are also staying on for the workshop with the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs on the Biological Weapons Convention. We come from countries and legislatures of dramatically different sizes - but we all face challenges in implementing and reporting on disarmament and non-proliferation commitments. This seminar is an important space to share our challenges, successes, and knowledge. We hope we all leave with a clearer view of our shared security priorities and also the unique circumstances of our region, in which we have some of the smallest parliaments in the world. The connections built at this seminar are truly vital to all of us and provide us each with lessons that can be taken back home. Thank you for travelling here to Wellington to be with us, and we hope you enjoy your time here. Ngā mihi, Rt Hon Trevor
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians
    Report from the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians Pacific Annual Meeting and Retreat: Her Voice – Effective political participation by and for Pacific Women, 24-28 February 2020, Niue Fakaalofa lahi atu ki a mutolu oti The Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians (CWP) Pacific Region steering committee met in Niue for its 2019/2020 annual meeting and retreat. Discussions had been held between the Chairperson Anahila Kanongata’a-Suisuiki and MAM Mrs Mona Ainu’u during the Third Pacific Parliamentary Forum in New Zealand late 2019 to have Niue host. As one of the smallest jurisdictions it was felt that this would be a special opportunity to have many of the region’s women leaders visit and to network with local women leaders and aspiring leaders. In light of the health and travel challenges the world is now facing, we are all truly thankful that we could have this programme to fortify the links between women members in the region, just before it became impossible due to Covid-19 pandemic travel restrictions. The population of Niue is around 1,700.1 Niue is a large upraised coral atoll lovingly known as “The Rock” From 1974, Niue has self-governed in free association with New Zealand and has followed a Westminster-style rule with a 20 member assembly. The Premier is selected by the House and the Premier then selects three other members for Cabinet posts. Niue presently has five women members of Parliament: Hon. Joan Sisiati Tahafa Viliamu, MAM Mrs. Maureen Melekitama, MAM. Mrs Mona Ainu’u, Hon. O’Love Jacobsen, and Hon. Va’aiga Paotama Tukuitonga.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 National Budget
    Government of Tuvalu 2020 National Budget Presented on 17th December 2019 By the Minister for Finance Honourable Seve Paeniu Table of Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 4 FOREWORD BY MINISTER FOR FINANCE ................................................................................. 8 2020 BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS .................................................................................................... 9 Delivering on the Government’s Policy Directions and Priorities ........................................ 10 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2016 – 2020 .................................. 14 2020 ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ................................................................................................. 15 MEDIUM TERM FISCAL FRAMEWORK 2020 – 2022 ............................................................... 20 MTFF AGGREGATES ........................................................................................................................ 21 REVENUE ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Taxation Revenue .................................................................................................................... 22 Investment Revenue ................................................................................................................ 22 Government Charges ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Capacity Building for Environmental Law in the South Pacific
    Capacity building for environmental law in the South Pacific Pepe Clarke, Ilona Millar and Kaspar Sollberger South Pacific Regional Environmental Law Capacity Building Project Scoping Report South Pacific Regional Environmental Law Capacity Building Project Scoping Report Pepe Clarke, Ilona Millar, Kaspar Sollberger Environmental Defender’s Office, Sydney, Australia The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or BMZ. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from BMZ. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland in collaboration with the IUCN Regional Office for Oceania, Suva, Fiji and the IUCN Environmental Law Centre, Bonn, Germany Copyright: © 2008 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Clarke, Pepe, Ilona Millar, Kaspar Sollberger
    [Show full text]