Birds of the Pilbara Region, Western Australia, 1967-1972 by TOM FLETCHER, 7 Montgomery Court, Kilsyth, Victoria, 3137
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AUSTRALIAN 220 BIRD WATCHER Birds of the Pilbara Region, Western Australia, 1967-1972 By TOM FLETCHER, 7 Montgomery Court, Kilsyth, Victoria, 3137. Introduction In 1967, after just returning from New Guinea, I was contracted to work on the initial studies and design for the Mt. Newman Iron Ore Project at Port Hedland, North-West Australia. I mention New Guinea in the above paragraph only to make a com parison with North-West Australia, for there are absolutely no similarities whatsoever between the two localities. The contrast is so extreme that on arriving in Port Hedland I was convinced I would not be there the following week at the same time. Nevertheless it was six and a half years later, and then only for the sake of my sanity, that I vacated the North-West Pilbara at the conclusion of a most rewarding and satisfying experience. During my years in the Pilbara I travelled extensively and continuously throughout the area radiating from Port Hedland and mainly bounded by Roebourne to the west-south-west, Wittenoom and Mt. Newman to the south, Marble Bar and Nullagine to the south-east and De Grey Station to the north-east. This area is primarily mineral rich granitic spinifex plains with very little tall vegetation apart from along the normally dry river courses with very occasional permanent water holes and of course mill bores. Rising from the plains are several most impressive ranges such as the Hamersley, Chichester and Marble Bar. The coastal areas are mainly sandy beaches and tidal mud flats with the tide being up to 10 metres. Vegetation along the coast is mainly mangroves. The Fortescue Valley and extending to Balfour Downs Station is reasonably thick mulga in contrast to the open plains north of the Chichester Range. I was fortunate to make two trips to the Rudall River east of Balfour Downs Station. Rudall is a virtual oasis after traversing so many kilo metres of barren true desert sand dunes. Bedout Island mentioned in the species list later, is a spinifex covered sand cay north of Port Hedland in the Indian Ocean. Thousands of sea birds of many species have two breeding seasons on this island each year. · The North-West climate during the day is the hottest to be found in Australia and at night it can drop to freezing as you go further inland. Basically the only excitements on the Pilbara calendar are the once-a year picnic race meetings and the cyclones. A cyclone is a big event socially for it very definitely breaks the continuous monotony of the weather. The average annual 325 mm rainfall can deluge the country in a few consecutive days when the normally dry rivers become torrents a couple of kilometres wide. The bird species list to follow is taken from my overall list of the Pilbara and only rare or unusual sightings are dated and annotated. 'D -00 0 f N N Map of Study A rea, Australia. AUSTRALIAN 222 FLETCHER BIRD WATCHER Should a visit be made to the region I recommend the following locali ties, all of which are accessible by conventional two-wheel-drive vehicles, Millstream, Chichester Range, Wittenoom, Marble Bar, the mouth of the De Grey River and the beautiful Eighty Mile Beach at Cape Keraudren. Apart from sea snakes, stone fish, sand-flies, heat, lack of water, and recurring cyclones one of the biggest dangers in Western Australia is mentioning that you come from the Eastern States and that you follow Victorian football. In conclusion I must thank my wife Pauline for encouraging me to continue bird observing in this rather inhospitable area, and also the true "North-Westers" who make it all so possible for you to stay. Species List. Species noted breeding are marked*. Emu Regularly seen in small groups on the spinifex plains. Australasian Grebe Occasionally seen on water holes throughout. Can occur at any suitable location overnight. A small sump hole dug and filled with water for filling water-carts on the Mount Newman railroad construction, was the following day a resting place for two Black Swans, two Australasian Grebes, and a Grey Teal. There was no other surface water for many kilometres from this sump. Wedge-tailed Shearwater* Local fishermen informed me that "mutton birds" still breed on Sable Island, but I did not encounter this species near Port Hedland. Wilson's Storm-petrel Two recorded separately and close to our boat on the journey from Port Hedland to Bedout Island on May 18, 1968. No other records. Australian Pelican Regularly seen along the tidal estuaries adjoining Port Hedland. A mag nificent sight of a flock of 26 flying over the open sea near Turtle Island, May 1968. Birds are occasionally rescued by workers at the Leslie Salt Pans, Port Hedland, when they settle on highly concentrated salt lagoons and become encrusted to such a degree that they cannot fly unless hosed down. Masked Booby* Never sighted from shore. Breeding on Bedout Island, May 1968. Brown Booby* As for Masked Booby. Darter Occasionally recorded in small numbers along the De Grey River at Ripon Island, and one near Dampier, July 1967. Pied Cormorant Present in small numbers along the coast and estuaries. Little Black Cormorant Usually recorded in small numbers near Ripon Island, De Grey River. Little Pied Cormorant As for Pied Cormorant. VOL. 8 (7) SEPTEMBER, 1980 Birds of the Pilbara 223 Least Frigatebird* Regularly seen over Port Hedland harbour and adjoining beaches. Breeding on Bedout Island, May 1968. There was no positive identifica tion of any Greater Frigatebirds. Pacific Heron Two records only. One bird 20 km east of Dampier and the other at a water hole near Mount Whaleback. White-faced Heron Only rarely met with in the area. Occasionally seen on Port Hedland beaches at low tide. Great Egret Although not numerous, regularly seen on the low-tide mud fiats in small numbers. Little Egret As for Great Egret. Eastern Reef Egret* Both phases; numerous to common along the beaches and tidal fiats. A pair were reported to have nested on a buoy in Port Hedland harbour, the nest being on a platform directly below the occupied nest of an Osprey. Striated Heron Regularly recorded in the coastal mangroves. Black-necked Stork This bird appears to be increasing in numbers around the tidal fiats of Port Hedland. Sightings are regular of birds singly or in pairs. Sacred Ibis Observed in small numbers amongst mangroves on the tidal fiats of East Creek, Port Hedland, June 1967. Straw-necked Ibis As for the Sacred Ibis; on a regular basis but only in small numbers. Black Swan Only occasionally recorded, and in quite unexpected spots as mentioned under Australasian Grebe. Pacific Black Duck Most inland water holes of any size have at least a pair. Not common. Grey Teal* As for the Pacific Black Duck. Pink-eared Duck Two records only. Two birds swimming in Port Hedland harbour on February 10, 1972 and 8 birds at Port Hedland Sewage Ponds, March 31, 1972. Maned Duck Eight birds on the De Grey River, July 31, 1971. Osprey* · Numerous along the coast with local breeding. Black-shouldered Kite Regularly recorded throughout with the most easterly record being a single bird at the rabbit proof fence east of Balfour Downs Station. Black Kite A group of approximately 40 birds remained around the Abydos home stead during March 1968. No other records. AUSTRALIAN 224 FLETCHER BIRD WATCHER Square-tailed Kite A single bird was very clearly seen at the East Turner River, lndee Station, March 1967. No other records. Brahminy Kite* Common along the beaches and mangrove fiats. Breeds in mangroves in Port Hedland harbour. Whistling Kite Numerous, particularly around water courses and often close to station homesteads. Brown Goshawk Only occasionally seen, being mainly along watercourses. Collared Sparrowhawk As for the Brown Goshawk. One bird was often seen at the East Turner River near the Wittenoom Road. White-bellied Sea-Eagle Regularly seen along the coast and above Port Hedland harbour. Wedge-tailed Eagle Only occasional sightings. Little Eagle Two records both from Abydos Station south of Port Hedland. Spotted Harrier Rare, but with regular sightings on the spinifex plains. Australian Hobby Occasionally recorded, particularly near water courses. Brown Falcon Numerous throughout. Australian Kestrel* As for Brown Falcon with nesting recorded on the Tertiary Crusher of Mt. Newman's Port Hedland facilities. Quail Sp. Five birds, of similar size to Stubble or Brown Quail were recorded on Boodarie Station, December 1968. No positive identification. Little Button-quail Numerous in spinifex and rocky outcrop areas south-east of Port Hedland. Three fluttering young at Mount Goldsworthy, July 1967. Black-tailed Native-hen Common along water courses on Balfour Downs Station after heavy rains during mid-1971. No other records. Eurasian Coot Only occasionally recorded at water-holes throughout and then only in small numbers. Non-resident. Brolga Not seen further south than De Grey River Station. A magnificent sight was to be enjoyed on July 31, 1971 when I observed fifteen Brolgas accompanying two Black-necked Storks in the shallows of the De Grey River. Australian Bustard* Numerous throughout the Pilbara's spinifex plains. It breeds in the area. Shooting of this bird is still a regular practice, mainly for food. Bush Thick-knee Only rarely seen or heard. Two birds at Pippingarra near Port Hed land, February 1968. VOL. 8 (7) SEPTEMBER, 1980 Birds of the Pilbar a 225 Beach Thick-knee Only one record of a bird on the beach near Pretty Pool, Port Hedland, January 1971. Pied Oystercatcher Small numbers always present along most beaches.