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All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan [email protected]
Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 33 | Number 1 Article 14 Fall 2013 All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Cowan, Sam (2013) "All Change at Rasuwa Garhi," Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 33: No. 1, Article 14. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol33/iss1/14 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Research Report | All Change at Rasuwa Garhi Sam Cowan From time immemorial, pilgrims, traders, artisans, and Kyirong to aid the transshipment of goods and to carry religious teachers going to Lhasa from Kathmandu had to out major trading on their own account. Jest records that decide between two main routes. One roughly followed as late as 1959 there were forty five Newar households in the line of the present road to Kodari, crossed the border Kyirong and forty in Kuti (Jest 1993). where Friendship Bridge is built and followed a steep trail The two routes were used for the invasion of Tibet in 1788 to Kuti (Tib. Nyalam). Loads were carried by porters up to and 1791 by the forces of the recently formed Gorkha this point but pack animals were used for the rest of the state under the direction of Bahadur Shah, which led to journey. -
Updated Geographical Distribution of Species of the Genus Nemorhaedus Hamilton Smith, 1827
6–71RYHPEHU 2019, Brno, Czech Republic Updated geographical distribution of species of the genus Nemorhaedus Hamilton Smith, 1827 Petr Hrabina Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno CZECH REPUBLIC [email protected] Abstract: The paper listed distribution data of all species of the genus Nemorhaedus, combining 257 field observations supplemented by information from the labels on the museum specimens. The localities data are defined by GPS coordinates and altitude. The species determination was carried out on the basis of the pelage colour characters, which allows work directly in the field. Key Words: Nemorhaedus, zoogeography, distribution, conservation INTRODUCTION The native distribution of gorals ranges from Himalayan foothills of northern Pakistan and India, further east across Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, central and eastern China, the Korean Peninsula to coastal region of Russian Far East (Grubb 2005, Hrabina 2015). The delimitation of distribution range of individual goral species shows considerable variation depending on the taxonomic concept used by different authors (see e.g. Lydekker 1913, Adlerberg 1932, Groves and Grubb 2011, Hrabina 2015). This has led to inconsistencies both in the nomenclature and in the understanding of individual species' ranges. The knowledgeability of goral distribution differs from country to country. Extensive research has been devoted to goral populations in Pakistan, western India, Thailand, South Korea and Russia (Cavallini 1992, Chen et al. 1999, Lee and Rhim 2002, Voloshina and Myslenkov 2010, Abbas et al. 2012), whereas for Nepal, eastern India, Bhutan, Myanmar, south-east China and North Korea we have no data available. -
Structure and Stability of Zhangmu Deposit in Tibet HU Ruilin, ZHANG
10th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG (2015) Structure and Stability of Zhangmu Deposit in Tibet HU Ruilin, ZHANG Xiaoyan, GAO Wei, MA Fengshan, ZHANG Luqing, ZHOU Jian Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Zhangmu Port is situated at southwest of Tibet, and is the only trading port between China and Nepal. However, this important area has been faced the threat of geological disasters like landslides occurred in Zhangmu deposit over a long time. Evaluation of the structure and stability of the Zhangmu Deposit was undertaken to elucidate the causes of the deposit and its engineering geological characteristics based on field survey, and the stability of the deposit is analyzed mainly based terrain, the surface deformation features and material components of the deposit. Results show that, structure of Zhangmu deposit is not a simple single soil structure, but includes colluvial, residual and glaciofluvial deposits amongst others, and the slope is less likely to slide as a whole, but will mainly slip partially controlled by local hazard factors such as slope gradient, lithology, human engineering activities, and concave lateral erosion action. Key words: Zhangmu Port, Zhangmu Deposit, landslide, structure, stability. 1. Introduction The importance of Zhangmu Deposit cannot be The instability of the slopes and occurrence of over emphasized as the Zhangmu Port which is the landslides has become a major problem which only overland trading port between China and Nepal impacts the survival and development of the port. -
Sindh Coast: a Marvel of Nature
Disclaimer: This ‘Sindh Coast: A marvel of nature – An Ecotourism Guidebook’ was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of IUCN Pakistan and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government. Published by IUCN Pakistan Copyright © 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature. Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or translation of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan. Author Nadir Ali Shah Co-Author and Technical Review Naveed Ali Soomro Review and Editing Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan Photographs IUCN, Zahoor Salmi Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan Designe Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan Printed VM Printer (Pvt.) Ltd. Table of Contents Chapter-1: Overview of Ecotourism and Chapter-4: Ecotourism at Cape Monze ....... 18 Sindh Coast .................................................... 02 4.1 Overview of Cape Monze ........................ 18 1.1 Understanding ecotourism...................... 02 4.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism 1.2 Key principles of ecotourism................... 03 destinations ............................................. 18 1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism ................. -
China Shaping Tibet for Strategic Leverage
MANEKSHAW PAPER No. 70, 2018 China Shaping Tibet for Strategic Leverage Praggya Surana D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V KNOWLEDGE WORLD Centre for Land Warfare Studies KW Publishers Pvt Ltd New Delhi New Delhi Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief : Lt Gen Balraj Nagal ISSN 23939729 D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V Centre for Land Warfare Studies RPSO Complex, Parade Road, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi 110010 Phone: +91.11.25691308 Fax: +91.11.25692347 email: [email protected] website: www.claws.in CLAWS Army No. 33098 The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, is an autonomous think-tank dealing with national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional and sub-conventional conflicts and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy-oriented in approach. © 2018, Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi Disclaimer: The contents of this paper are based on the analysis of materials accessed from open sources and are the personal views of the author. The contents, therefore, may not be quoted or cited as representing the views or policy of the Government of India, or Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) (Army), or the Centre for Land Warfare Studies. KNOWLEDGE WORLD www.kwpub.com Published in India by Kalpana Shukla KW Publishers Pvt Ltd 4676/21, First Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002 Phone: +91 11 23263498 / 43528107 email: [email protected] l www.kwpub.com Contents Introduction 1 1. -
Tibet: 14D Mount Kailash Trek
P.O Box: 26106 Kathmandu Address: Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977 1 5312359 Fax: +977 1 5351070 Email: [email protected] Tibet: 14d Mount Kailash Trek Grade: Easy Altitude: 6,656 m. Highlights: Mount Kailash (the Holy mountain) is claimed to be the apex of the Hindu religion. It is also one of the highest mountains in Tibet at 6.700 meters. And Lake Mansarovar lies at 4,556 m above mean sea level, making it the highest fresh-water lake in the world. Certainly, a difficult region to reach due to the variable and extreme weather conditions. The mountain is located in a particularly remote and inhospitable area of the Tibetan Himalayas. A few modern amenities, such as benches, resting places, and refreshment kiosks, exist to aid the pilgrims in their devotions. Every year, thousands make a pilgrimage to Kailash, following a tradition going back thousands of years. Pilgrims of several religions believe that circumambulating Mount Kailash on foot is a holy ritual that will bring good fortune. The peregrination is made in a clockwise direction by Hindus and Buddhists. The path around Mount Kailash is 52 km (32 mi) long. The distance from Lhasa is approximately 2000 Km. Only during the last few years have lots of ordinary and not so ordinary travelers, being able to experience this region. Road conditions are difficult much of the time and we have to make much preparation to ensure that we have a reasonable chance of reaching Kailash. We need to bring our own food and camping equipment. As per Chinese regulations, transportation ( 4WD Jeep) and a Chinese/Tibetan guide is a must to hire from China/Tibet whereas we will send Nepalese staff for camping and cooking arrangement. -
Tourism and the European Union: a Practical Guide : EU Funding, Other
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General XXIII —Tourism Unit Tourism and the European Union A practical guide EU funding Other support EU policy and tourism EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General XXIII — Tourism Unit Tourism and the European Union A practical guide EU funding Other support EU policy and tourism Edited by Bates and Wacker SC Brussels Published by the EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General XXIII Tourism Unit B-1049 Brussels This document does not necessarily represent the Commission's official position The text contained herein was valid at time of going to press in the autumn of 1995. Although the text has been carefully compiled, the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any incorrect information, as funds and programmes over time are apt to change Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996 ISBN 92-827-5734-X © ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1996 Printed in Belgium Contents Foreword How to use the guide 1 Why this guide? 3 Financiai support from the European Union 3 important background information on funding 4 Using the guide effectively 7 Sourcing the specific support available for tourism by category of action 10 Aid to investment 10 Human resources 13 Marketing 15 Support services 15 Cooperation between firms 16 Cooperation between regions 18 -
Stability Analysis of the Zhangmu Multi-Layer Landslide Using the Vector Sum Method in Tibet, China
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1386-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Stability analysis of the Zhangmu multi-layer landslide using the vector sum method in Tibet, China Mingwei Guo1 & Sujin Liu1,2 & Shunde Yin3 & Shuilin Wang1 Received: 28 February 2018 /Accepted: 10 September 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The Zhangmu landslide is located on the China–Nepal border in Tibet, China, which has recently become a serious threat to the lives and properties of local people. In order to efficiently quantify the stability of the Zhangmu landslide, a new method named the vector sum method (VSM) is proposed. Differing from conventional slope-stability analysis methods, the VSM considers both the magnitude, the direction of force and the strength-reserving definition of the safety factor based on the actual stress field of slope achieved from finite element analysis. Moreover, the global sliding direction of potential landslides was theoretically deduced by the principle of minimum potential energy, while the safety factor can be directly computed by not only the force limit equilibrium of the whole sliding body in the global sliding direction but also the moment limit equilibrium at the moment center. Finally, stability analysis of the Zhangmu landslide was performed by the proposed method, and verified against the rigorous Morgenstern–Price method. Keywords Vector sum method . Slope stability . Limit equilibrium method . Strength reduction method . Zhangmu landslide Introduction most residential buildings and public facilities at Zhangmu Port have been built on an ancient rock slide, which is Zhangmu is the only overland and international trading port surrounded by the Boqu River, the Bangcundong Valley, the on the China–Nepal border in southern Tibet, China, located Qiangma Valley and the Zhangmu Valley. -
Adventures Guide to Plan Your Custom Day of Of-Roading
“WILDERNESS IS NOT A LUXURY, BUT A NECESSITY OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT” - EDWARD ABBEY Dear Valued Guest, Welcome to Sorrel River Ranch Resort & Spa! During your visit we invite you to immerse yourself in the many bucket-list (or awe-inspiring) adventures available in this scenic land of arches, rivers, canyons, and mesas. Explore the surrounding areas with our knowledgeable guides by foot, horseback, air or water. Upon returning to the Ranch indulge yourself in a Signature Spa Treatment, a fresh garden-to-table meal and relaxing and reflective storytelling around the riverside campfire Our experienced adventure team will help curate custom adventure experiences that will expose you to the best that the Ranch and Moab have to ofer. We encourage you to get out of your comfort zone, discover the incredible secrets of the American Southwest, and allow us to create a customized itinerary for an unforgettable journey of exploration and exclusivity. Elizabeth Rad Owner, Elizabeth Rad Sorrel Sorrel River Ranch Resort & Spa Exclusive TABLE OF CONTENTS Horseback Riding.................................4-15 Guided Hiking & Driving Tours.............................................16-21 UTV Tours...................................................22-21 Jeep Tours..............................................24-25 Canyoneering, Rockaneering, & Climbing..............................................26-29 Mountain Biking.................................30-33 Kayaking & SUP..................................34-35 River Rafting..........................................36-37 -
Washington State's Scenic Byways & Road Trips
waShington State’S Scenic BywayS & Road tRipS inSide: Road Maps & Scenic drives planning tips points of interest 2 taBLe of contentS waShington State’S Scenic BywayS & Road tRipS introduction 3 Washington State’s Scenic Byways & Road Trips guide has been made possible State Map overview of Scenic Byways 4 through funding from the Federal Highway Administration’s National Scenic Byways Program, Washington State Department of Transportation and aLL aMeRican RoadS Washington State Tourism. waShington State depaRtMent of coMMeRce Chinook Pass Scenic Byway 9 director, Rogers Weed International Selkirk Loop 15 waShington State touRiSM executive director, Marsha Massey nationaL Scenic BywayS Marketing Manager, Betsy Gabel product development Manager, Michelle Campbell Coulee Corridor 21 waShington State depaRtMent of tRanSpoRtation Mountains to Sound Greenway 25 Secretary of transportation, Paula Hammond director, highways and Local programs, Kathleen Davis Stevens Pass Greenway 29 Scenic Byways coordinator, Ed Spilker Strait of Juan de Fuca - Highway 112 33 Byway leaders and an interagency advisory group with representatives from the White Pass Scenic Byway 37 Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife, Washington State Tourism, Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission and State Scenic BywayS Audubon Washington were also instrumental in the creation of this guide. Cape Flattery Tribal Scenic Byway 40 puBLiShing SeRviceS pRovided By deStination -
18D Very Essence Tibet Trekking
P.O Box: 26106 Kathmandu Address: Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977 1 5312359 Fax: +977 1 5351070 Email: [email protected] Tibet: 18d Very Essence Tibet Trekking Grade: Moderate Altitude: 5,400 m. Highlights: This unique Tibet trekking itinerary follows the trail along the cradle of Tibetan civilization. After sightseeing the Tibetan capital of Lhasa we take our four-wheel-drive vehicles for the visiting of Tsetang via the Samye monastery. Another day driving takes us to Tsome. This is the place from where our fantastic trekking will begin through the Tibet-Bhutan border Himalayas. It will take five days walk to the holy Kulhakangri mountain. Here we will visit the base camp at 4.500 meters. During our trekking, we will pass Tsemalang, Mendang, Bashar. As well as we cross the Meshangla pass which is at 5.000 meters. At the base camp of the holy Kulhakangri mountain, you can see all the other high majestic mountains. After two more days trekking around the Kulhakangri base camp, we drive to the classic cities of Gyantse and Shigatse and then to the Nepali border at Zhangmu via Shegar or New Tingri. Through green valley’s we leave the heights of Tibet to return to Kathmandu. But now Zhamgmu Border is closed due to earthquake occur in 2015. instate of that recently new border is open for the foreigner Named Gyroing Border. so there is change on below itinerary instates of Zhangmu Border we move our itinerary to Gyroing border. Best Season: April, May, June, July, August, September & October Day to day: Day 01: Kathmandu to Lhasa: We fly from Kathmandu to Lhasa, the capital of the autonomous Tibetan region, o/n in hotel. -
Effects of the 25 April 2015 Nepal Great Earthquake on The
1 Damages induced by the 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake in the 2 Tibetan border region of China and increased post-seismic 3 hazards 4 5 Zhonghai Wu a Guanghao Haa, Patrick J. Barosh b, Xin Yao a, Yongqiang Xu c and Jie 6 Liu d 7 8 a Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 9 100081, China 10 b P.J. Barosh and Associates, 103 Aaron Avenue, Bristol, RI 02809, USA and Visiting 11 Research Fellow, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081 12 China 13 c China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China 14 d College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 15 100048, China 16 17 Abstract: The seismic effects in Nyalam, Gyirong, Tingri and Dinggye counties along 18 the southern border of Tibet were investigated during 2-8 May, 2015, a week after the 19 great Nepal earthquake along the Main Himalaya Thrust. The intensity was VIII in the 20 region and reached IX at two towns on the Nepal border; resulting in the destruction of 21 2,700 buildings, seriously damaging over 40,000 others, while killing 27 people and 22 injuring 856 in this sparsely populated region. The main geologic effects in this steep 23 rugged region are collapses, landslides, rockfalls, and ground fissures; many of which 24 are reactivations of older land slips. These did great damage to the buildings, roads and 25 bridges in the region. Most of the effects are along four incised valleys which are 26 controlled by N-trending rifts and contain rivers that pass through the Himalaya 27 Mountains and flow into Nepal; at least two of the larger aftershocks occurred along the 28 normal faults.