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Updated geographical distribution of species of the genus Nemorhaedus Hamilton Smith, 1827

Petr Hrabina Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno CZECH REPUBLIC [email protected]

Abstract: The paper listed distribution data of all species of the genus Nemorhaedus, combining 257 field observations supplemented by information from the labels on the museum specimens. The localities data are defined by GPS coordinates and altitude. The species determination was carried out on the basis of the pelage colour characters, which allows work directly in the field. Key Words: Nemorhaedus, zoogeography, distribution, conservation

INTRODUCTION The native distribution of gorals ranges from Himalayan foothills of northern Pakistan and India, further east across , and Myanmar, northwestern Thailand, central and eastern , the Korean Peninsula to coastal region of Russian Far East (Grubb 2005, Hrabina 2015). The delimitation of distribution range of individual goral species shows considerable variation depending on the taxonomic concept used by different authors (see e.g. Lydekker 1913, Adlerberg 1932, Groves and Grubb 2011, Hrabina 2015). This has led to inconsistencies both in the nomenclature and in the understanding of individual species' ranges. The knowledgeability of goral distribution differs from country to country. Extensive research has been devoted to goral populations in Pakistan, western India, Thailand, South Korea and Russia (Cavallini 1992, Chen et al. 1999, Lee and Rhim 2002, Voloshina and Myslenkov 2010, Abbas et al. 2012), whereas for Nepal, eastern India, Bhutan, Myanmar, south-east China and North Korea we have no data available. Even from this reason the species boundaries are poorly understood (Hrabina 2015).

MATERIAL AND METHODS For all goral species were recorded localities of natural occurrence. The list was compiled from field data (photographic records), as well as specimen labels. Each individual record was subsequently identified to the species level. Determination of particular taxa presented herein was based on pelage colour characters defined by Hrabina (2015) what allows easy diagnostic clues for species identification of field records. I. Museum specimens The 111 specimens examined in this study are deposited in the following collections: American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH), Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP), Natural History Museum, London (NHM), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai (BNHS), California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS), Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (FMNH), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming (KIZ), Louis Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge (Massachusetts) (MCZ), Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (NMW), Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi’an (SIZ), Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM), Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg (ZIN), Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta (ZSI). Principally skins as well as the skulls associated with skins were added in the work.

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II. Field records More than 257 photographed observations of animals are presented and localised by GPS coordinates. The locations were defined directly by the authors of the photographs. GPS coordinates were either recorded directly by a digital camera with a built-in GPS module, or were subsequently taken in the field by some other portable equipment or deducted from a satellite map. In the subsequent step the data on the altitude were deducted in the Google Earth application. List of abbreviations of the protected areas used in the text: HR – Hunting Reserve, NFP – National Forest Park, NNR – National Nature Reserve, NP – National Park, NR – Nature Reserve, TR – Tiger Reserve, WS – Wildlife Sanctuary.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Nemorhaedus goral (Hardwicke, 1825) Studied material: skins – Pakistan: Nowshera BNHS 18055, Kathai Nullah NHM 27.2.7.7.; India: Jagatsukh NHM 24.6.22., Chamba NHM 8.8.22.5., Chamba NHM 8.8.22.6., Shimla NMW-ST-884, Barasu ZSI 13114, Bagaili NHM 33.2.4.10., Bagaili NHM 33.2.4.11., Ratighat BNHS 18053, W. Garhwal BNHS 18054, west India MNHM 1939-243; Nepal: Apoon BNHS 18048, BNHS 18052, Ramchu BNHS 18051; Ramchu NHM 21.5.1.45., Himalaya NMW-ST-704, “Tonkin” MNHN- ZM-MO-2011-899; skulls – Pakistan: Kathai Nullah NHM 27.2.7.7. India: Manali FMNH 91233, Barasu ZSI 13115 Localities: Pakistan: Soha (34°08'N, 72°58'E) 930 m, Margalla Hills NP (33°44'N, 73°00'E) 930 m, Sharan (34°40'N, 73°25'E) 2280 m, Machiara NP (34°30'N, 73°36'E) 1947 m, Neelum Valley (34°41'N, 73°58'E) 1651 m India: Jammu and Kashmir – Lachipora WS (34°12'N, 74°04'E) 2225 m, Limber WS (34°12'N, 74°09'E) 2692 m, Vaishno Devi (33°01'N, 74°55'E) 1619 m, Trikuta (33°05'N, 75°03'E) 1938 m, Ramban (33°16'N, 75°10'E) 1132 m, Himachal Pradesh – Kalatop (32°33'N, 76°01'E) 2360 m, Trakar Khartap (32°47'N, 76°20'E) 2896 m, Rewalsar (31°38'N, 76°50'E) 1370 m, Kasauli (30°54'N, 76°57'E) 1860 m, Majathal WS (31°15'N, 77°00'E) 1863 m, Water Catchment WS (31°05'N, 77°12'E) 1860 m, Kumarsain (31°19'N, 77°26'E) 1300 m, Chippini (31°36'N, 77°27'E) 1898 m, Majhan (31°47'N, 77°25'E) 2117 m, Rolla (31°40'N, 77°29'E) 2080 m, Shakti (31°47'N, 77°29'E) 2320 m, Great Himalayan NP (31°40'N, 77°31'E) 3020 m, Shilt (31°42'N, 77°37'E) 3020 m, Nigani (31°32'N, 78°01'E) 1582 m, Sangla (31°26'N, 78°14'E) 2495 m, Uttarakhand – Rajaji NP (30°05'N, 78°01'E) 580 m, Nawgaon (30°57'N, 78°05'E) 1930 m, Landour (30°27'N, 78°06'E) 2165 m, Chandi Devi (29°56'N, 78°10'E) 2900 m, Rajaji NP (29°58'N, 78°14'E) 450 m, Rajaji NP (29°56'N, 78°16'E) 385 m, Bukandi (30°00'N, 78°19'E) 520 m, Osla (31°06'N, 78°20'E) 2580 m, Shivpuri (30°07'N, 78°23'E) 382 m, Dhunar Gaon (30°07'N, 78°23'E) 385 m, New Tehri (30°22'N, 78°25'E) 1860 m, Khera (29°56'N, 78°32'E) 853 m, Lansdwone (29°45'N, 78°32'E) 383 m, Simlya (30°03'N, 78°36'E) 480 m, Lata (30°46'N, 78°37'E) 1620 m, Gumkhal (29°55'N, 78°38'E) 1649 m, Jim Corbett NP (29°30'N, 78°45'E) 420 m, Jim Corbett NP (29°32'N, 78°57'E) 430 m, Sonprayag (30°37'N, 78°59'E) 2134 m, Kola Talla (29°41'N, 79°03'E) 1146 m, Marchula (29°36'N, 79°05'E) 587 m, Kaakda (30°29'N, 79°05'E) 979 m, Kath Ki Naav (29°34'N, 79°08'E) 1349 m, Garjiya (29°28'N, 79°09'E ) 451 m, Chamkot Dhar (29°35'N, 79°18'E) 1370 m, Ghatgarh (29°19'N, 79°22'E) 1017 m, Vinayak (29°27'N, 79°23'E) 2228 m, Pangoot (29°25'N, 79°26'E) 2220 m, Naini Tal (29°22'N, 79°27'E) 1914 m, Naurakh (30°28'N, 79°28'E) 1430 m, Sattal (29°21'N, 79°31'E ) 1310 m, Sattal (29°21'N, 79°32'E) 1400 m, Auli (30°29'N, 79°34'E) 1146 m, Jilling Estate (29°22'N, 79°36'E) 1923 m, Binsar WS (29°42'N, 79°43'E) 1400 m, Binsar WS (29°40'N, 79°43'E) 1950 m, Nandhaur WS (29°10'N, 79°53'E) 655 m, Liti (30°00'N, 80°01'E) 2060 m, Khalia Top (30°03'N, 80°11'E) 3650 m, Munsiyari (30°03'N, 80°15'E) 2131 m, Himkhola (30°00'N, 80°38'E) 2687 m, Haryana – Panchkula (30°42'N, 76°58'E) 740 m, Bhoj Plasra (30°41'N, 77°02'E) 736 m, Bhoj Balag (30°39'N, 77°05'E) 840 m Nepal: Rapla (29°55'N, 80°44'E) 2578 m, Khaptad NP (29°23'N, 81°08'E) 3067 m, Bardiya NP (28°36'N, 81°19'E) 350 m, Mahabharad range (28°49'N, 81°46'E) 1500 m, Bhoor (28°39'N, 82°05'E) 1471 m, Karkibada (29°31'N, 82°08'E), Jajarkot (29°01'N, 82°20'E), Mugu Nadi (29°35'N, 82°27'E) 2500 m, Lower Dolpo (28°54'N, 83°01'E) 3036 m, Dhorpatan HR (28°36'N, 83°02'E) 3704 m,

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Chhapahile (28°42'N, 83°37'E) 2610 m, Larjung (28°42'N, 83°37'E) 2612 m, Ghasa (28°36'N, 83°38'E) 2210 m, Ghorepani Poon Hill (28°23'N, 83°44'E) 2965 m, Chomrong (28°25'N, 83°48'E) 2130 m, Ghandruk (28°22'N, 83°48'E) 1998 m, Rangkhola (28°05'N, 83°50'E) 910 m, Khumai Danda (28°23'N, 83°56'E) 3245 m, Pokhari (27°43'N, 84°05'E) 897 m, Thonche (28°34'N, 84°25'E) 2686 m, Ghap (28°31'N, 84°50'E) 2191 m, Ripchet (28°28'N, 84°58'E) 2328 m, Landslide (28°09'N, 85°22'E) 1810 m, Shivapuri Nagarjun NP (27°49'N, 85°24'E) 2570 m, Remche (28°09'N, 85°25'E) 2450 m China: – Qomolangma NNR (28°17'N, 85°22'E) 1849 m Overall distribution: Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Islamabad and Azad Kashmir), India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and northern Haryana), Nepal up to the Kathmandu Valley or along the Sun Kosi River and bordering areas of China. Nemorhaedus hodgsoni Pocock 1908 Studied material: skins – India: Namthang BNHS 18056, Lachen ZMB_Mam_91154, Deorali BNHS 18049, Gangtok ZMB_Mam_91159, Gangtok ZMB_Mam_91160, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91150, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91151, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91152, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91155, Lachung ZMB_Mam_91157, Lachung ZMB_Mam_91158; Sikkim NHM 91.10.7.169., skulls – India: Lachen ZMB_Mam_91154, Gangtok ZMB_Mam_91159, Gangtok ZMB_Mam_91160, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91150, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91151, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91152, Chungthang ZMB_Mam_91155, Lachung ZMB_Mam_91157, Lachung ZMB_Mam_91158 Localities: Nepal: Singati (27°44'N, 86°10'E) 1031 m, Chadung (27°34'N, 86°35'E) 2600 m, Makalu-Barun NP (27°43'N, 87°22'E) 2240 m, Olanchungola (27°40'N, 87°47'E) 3189 m, Yamfudin (27°31'N, 87°56'E) 3290 m China: Tibet – Zhangmu (27°59'N, 85°58'E) 2219 m, Yadong (27°28'N, 88°54'E) 3032 m, Karchu Monastery (28°05'N, 91°07'E) 4021 m, Mama (27°50'N, 91°46'E) 2800 m India: Sikkim – Kanchenjunga NP (27°26'N, 88°12'E) 2800 m, Tashiding (27°18'N, 88°18'E) 1040 m, Tarey Bhir (27°06'N, 88°26'E) 840 m, Thambi (27°16'N, 88°47'E) 3480 m, Dhupidara (27°15'N, 88°47'E) 3603 m, Lungthu (27°15'N, 88°47'E) 3632 m, West Bengal – Siliguri (26°54'N, 88°24'E) 1100 m, Neora Valley NP (27°05'N, 88°39'E) 2371 m, Jawaharlal Nehru (27°22'N, 88°41'E) 2728 m, Buxa (26°45'N, 89°34'E) 645 m, Arunachal Pradesh – Shakti (27°31'N, 91°42'E) 2377 m, Zemithang (27°41'N, 91°44'E) 3153 m, Pangchen (27°40'N, 91°46'E), Nuranung Falls (27°35'N, 91°58'E) 2247 m, Sela (27°31'N, 92°04'E) 4090 m, Eaglenest WS (27°08'N, 92°27'E) 2696 m, Pakke TR (27°07'N, 92°51'E) 470 m Bhutan: Paro Taktsang (27°29'N, 89°21'E) 3300 m, Paro (27°19'N, 89°29'E) 2150 m, Chinakha (27°18'N, 89°32'E) 2100 m, Chagri Monastery (27°35'N, 89°37'E) 2670 m, (27°35'N, 89°38'E) 2925 m, Chamgang (27°25'N, 89°42'E) 2967 m, Dochula (27°29'N, 89°44'E) 3145 m, Punakha (27°29'N, 89°52'E) 1506 m, Wangdu (27°28'N, 89°57'E) 1946 m, (27°14'N, 90°03'E) 633 m, Wangdue Phodrang (27°31'N, 90°12'E) 3611 m, Nangnang (27°13'N, 90°24'E) 2765 m, Bjeezam (27°31'N, 90°27'E) 1869 m, Zhemgang (27°15'N, 90°36'E) 1264 m, Riotala (27°13'N, 90°38'E) 914 m, Tingtinbi (27°08'N, 90°41'E) 550 m, Gonphu (27°05'N, 90°45'E) 508 m, Royal Manas NP (26°48'N, 90°57'E) 192 m, Nam-ling (27°19'N, 91°04'E) 2580 m, Yongkola (27°18'N, 91°09'E) 1699 m, Mongar (27°19'N, 91°08'E) 1857 m, Monka (27°23'N, 91°09'E) 1650 m, Lingmethang (27°15'N, 91°10'E) 986 m, Tashigang (27°16'N, 91°22'E) 1264 m, (27°20'N, 91°33'E) 995 m, Jomotshangkha WS (26°59'N, 92°01'E) 847 m Overall distribution: Eastern Nepal, India (Sikkim, northern West Bengal and western Arunachal Pradesh). Bhutan and China (south eastern Tibet). Nemorhaedus baileyi Pocock, 1914 Studied material: skins – Myanmar: Adung Valley NHM 32.11.1.170.; China: Dre NHM 14.8.29.2., Bapo KIZ 005690; skulls – China: Dre NHM 14.8.29.2., Qiangtang NR SIZ 01144-1-1, Myanmar: Nam Tamai walley NHM 50.749.

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Localities: India: Arunachal Pradesh – Gelemo (28°27'N, 93°27'E), Roing (28°14'N, 95°53'E) 2200 m, Mayodia Pass (28°14'N, 95°53'E) 2460 m, Acheso (28°56'N, 95°56'E), Angrim Valley (28°54'N, 95°56'E), Maliney (28°44'N, 96°11'E) 2075 m, Hayuliang (28°08'N, 96°52'E), Walong (28°08'N, 97°01'E) China: Tibet – Lago Qiao (28°59'N, 94°18'E) 4300 m, Bayu (30°20'N, 94°47'E) 3000 m, Yarlung Cangpo (29°46'N, 94°59'E) 3100 m, Medog (29°29'N, 95°26'E) 1090 m, Medog (29°28'N, 95°48'E) 2455 m Myanmar: Hponkan Razi WS (27°43'N, 97°04'E) 2780 m, Hkakaborazi NP (28°07'N, 97°37'E) 3720 m, Hkakaborazi NP (28°05'N, 97°37'E) 3360 m, Hkakaborazi NP (28°04'N, 97°40'E) 2900 m, Hkakaborazi NP (27°48'N, 97°55'E) 2950 m, Hkakaborazi NP (27°48'N, 97°56'E) 3000 m, Hkakaborazi NP (27°48'N, 97°57'E) 2820 m Overall distribution: China (Nyingchi prefecture), India (eastern Arunachal Pradesh), and Myanmar (Kachin state). Nemorhaedus evansi (Lydekker, 1905) Studied material: skins – Myanmar: Mt. Victoria NHM 5.7.21.1., Mt. Victoria NHM 5.7.21.2., Byingyi NHM 6.7.4.1., Dawna Range NHM 32.11.9.2, Raheng NHM 24.1.6.1., unlocalised BNHS-18061; China: Tengyueh (= Tengchong) MCZ-25358, Tengyueh MCZ-25360, Tsekou (= Yanmen) MNHM- ZM-MO-1897-90, Tsekou MNHM-ZM-MO-1900-608, Tsekou MNHM-ZM-MO-1900-609; Thailand: Doi Inthanon NHM 22.10.7.1.; skulls – Myanmar: Raheng NHM 24.1.6.1.; China: Tsekou MNHM-ZM- MO-1900-608, Tsekou MNHM-ZM-MO-1900-609 Localities: India: Mizoram – Chalkhawhkham (23°33'N, 92°55'E) 1400 m, Thlazuangkham (22°40'N, 93°02'E) 1850 m, Thlazuangkham (22°41'N, 93°02'E) 1510 m, Tualte (23°24'N, 93°12'E) 1315 m, Lengteng WS (23°48'N, 93°14'E) 1740 m, Lengteng WS (23°49'N, 93°15'E) 1800 m, Murlen NP (23°36'N, 93°16'E) 1570 m, Manipur: Kumbi (24°25'N, 93°47'E) 886 m Thailand: Doi Mhoe Ka Do (18°45'N, 98°07'E) 1690 m, Kew Mae Pan (18°33'N, 98°26'E) 2300 m, Doi Mon Jong (17°27'N, 98°31'E) 2000 m, Doi Mon Lium (19°14'N, 98°44'E) 1260 m, Amphoe Chiang Dao (19°22'N, 98°51'E) 2200 m China: Yunnan – Gaoligong (25°17'N, 98°48'E) 1510 m, Yericun (28°24'N, 99°08'E) 2750 m, Jinsha River (28°16'N, 99°16'E) 2025 m, Benzilan (28°14'N, 99°18'E) 2025 m, Tacheng (27°36'N, 99°24'E) 2 160 m, Deqen (27°53'N, 99°43'E), Lijiang (26°58'N, 100°04'E), Cangshan (25°43'N, 100°05'E) 2460 m, Guomenshan (22°14'N, 100°36'E) 1200 m, Jingfuxiang (24°20'N, 100°37'E) 1500 m, Jingdong (24°20'N, 100°41'E) 1760 m, Nanhua (24°30'N, 101°04'E) 2500 m, Chahe (24°07'N, 101°53'E) 1840 m, Dega (26°06'N, 102°37'E) 2730 m, Mohanxiang (27°49'N, 103°43'E) 1310 m Overall distribution: Eastern India (Manipur and Mizoram), southern Myanmar, Thailand (Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai and Tak provinces), China (Yunnan). Nemorhaedus griseus Milne-Edwards, 1871 Studied material: skins – China: Batang ANSP 17424, Batang ANSP-17425, Hokow (= Yajiang) ANSP 17416, Hokow ANSP 17417, Hokow ANSP 17418, Hokow ANSP 17419, Hokow ANSP 17420, Hokow ANSP 17421, Tatsienlu (= Kangding) ANSP 17426, Chiulung ANSP 14908, Chiulung ANSP 14909, Chiulung ANSP 14910, Wasuko (= Wasigou) ANSP 17413, Wasuko ANSP 17414, Wasukon (=Wasigou) ZMB_Mam_48874, Gego CAS-MAM-7568, Lianghokou (= Lianghekou) ANSP 14906, Mai Tsaupo ANSP 14903, Mai Tsaupo ANSP 14904, Mai Tsaupo ANSP 14905, Tsao Po AMNH M- 110485, Wenchwan (= Wenchuan) ANSP 14912, Scha-pei ANSP 14901, Scha-pei ANSP 14902, Leh ANSP 17427, Longxian SIZ 01121-3, Longxian SIZ 01121-6, Zhouzhi SIZ 01121-2, Zhouzhi SIZ 01121-37, Zhashui SIZ 01121-9, Luonan SIZ 01121-36, Pa-Tung Hsien (= Patungxian) MCZ 16493, Shennongjia NR SIZ 0049, Kwei-hwa-cheng USNM 199040, Beijing MNHM-ZM-MO-1865-354, Peking MNHN-ZM-MO-1864-582, Beijing MNHM-ZM-MO-1867-520, east Tibet MNHM-ZM-MO- 1870-544, east China MNHM-ZM-MO-1870-546, unlocalised NMW-B-5755 1892-1893; skulls – China: Wenchuan USNM 259396, Pastou AMNH M-57292, Tschili (= Hebei) NMW-1566, Beijing MNHM-ZM-AC-1874-287, Beijing MNHM-ZM-AC-1874-288

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Localities: China: Sichuan – Zhubalong NR (29°46'N, 99°01'E) 3020 m, Garze (30°03'N, 101°57'E) 2620 m, Labahe (30°09'N, 102°26'E) 1810 m, Labahe (30°10'N, 102°27'E) 2010 m, Gaodianzi (30°58'N, 102°51'E) 3580 m, Balangshan (30°54'N, 102°54'E) 4710 m, Balang Pass (30°52'N, 102°57'E) 3480 m, Dengsheng (30°53'N, 102°59'E) 2650 m, Wolong NNR (30°53'N, 103°00'E) 2600 m, Wolong NNR (30°59'N, 103°06'E) 2340 m, Baxi (33°36'N, 103°11'E) 3200 m, Anzihe NR (30°47'N, 103°12'E), Jiuding Shan NR (31°33'N, 103°50'E) 4770 m, Jiuzhai Valley NP (33°16'N, 103°54'E) 2020 m, Jiuzhai Valley NP (33°15'N, 103°56'E) 2120 m, Zharu (33°14'N, 103°57'E) 2310 m, Wanglang NR (33°00'N, 104°01'E) 3140 m, Wanglang NR (32°58'N, 104°03'E) 3010 m, Xuebaoding NR (32°21'N, 104°08'E), Tangjiahe NR (32°34'N, 104°45'E) 1440 m, Gansu – Lianhua Shan (34°56'N, 103°42'E), Baishui Jiang NR (32°46'N, 104°45'E), Xiaolong Shan NR (33°38'N, 106°20'E), Ningxia – Yuanzhou (36°00'N, 106°29'E), Hubei – Duheyuan NR (32°00'N, 110°04'E), Nanmuyuan (31°07'N, 110°18'E) 300 m, Shaanxi – Long Xian (34°53'N, 106°51'E), Qinling Liang (34°09', 107°18'E) 1870 m, Huangbaiyuan NR (33°46'N, 107°31'E) 1660 m, Changqing NR (33°42'N, 107°36'E) 2 520 m, Taibai Shan NR (33°57'N, 107°40'E) 2430 m, Foping NR (33°38'N, 107°47'E), Guanyin Shan NR (33°41'N, 107°51'E) 2280 m, Guanyin Shan NR (33°39'N, 107°54'E) 1670 m, Heihe NFP (33°53'N, 107°59'E) 995 m, Tongchagou (33°58'N, 108°46'E) 940 m, Niubeiliang NR (33°50'N, 108°52'E) 2200 m, Henan – Funiu Shan NR (33°42'N, 111°37'E) 1250 m, Shanxi – Xiaguan (39°07'N, 114°10'E) 870 m, Inner Mongolia – Saihan Ul NNR (44°13'N, 118°44'E) 1390 m, Saihan Ul NNR (44°12'N, 118°46'E) 1 275 m, Hebei – Xiaowutai NR (39°59'N, 115°02'E) 1980 m, Beijing – Song Shan NR (40°30'N, 115°48'E) 1000 m, Mentougou District (40°04'N, 115°49'E) 520 m, Baihe Canyon (40°42'N, 116°15'E) 645 m Overall distribution: Central and eastern China for more details, see Hrabina (2015). Nemorhaedus caudatus (Milne-Edwards, 1867) Studied material: skins – China: Imienpo USNM 199688, Imienpo USNM 199689; North Korea: Diamond Mts. (= Kumgangsan) CAS-MAM-23913, Diamond Mts. CAS-MAM-23914, Diamond Mts. CAS-MAM-9463, unlocalised ZMB_Mam_70001, unlocalised ZMB_Mam_70035; Russia: southern Sikhote-Alin MNW-1973/B-5632, unlocalised NMW-B-3632; skulls – Russia: Amur ZIN 603, Lagar river ZIN 603, Sidemi ZIN 1016, Sidemi ZIN 1017, Sudzukhe ZIN 18385, Tau-Khe River (north of Suchan) ZIN 15595, Tau-Khe River (north of Suchan) ZIN 15596, Vanin River ZIN 15758, southern Sikhote-Alin MNW-1973/B-5632 Localities: South Korea: Jonggok-ri (36°31'N, 127°45'E), Ojakgya (38°20'N, 127°47'E), 180 m amsl, Inje (38°17'N, 127°48'E) 290 m amsl, Hwacheon (38°15'N, 127°48'E) 240 m amsl, Yanggu (38°17'N, 127°58'E) 590 m amsl, Hwacheon (38°24'N, 128°16'E) 710 m amsl, DMZ (38°24'N, 128°19'E) 340 m amsl, Seoraksan NP (38°09'N, 128°19'E) 810 m amsl, Seoraksan NP (38°08'N, 128°21'E) 950 m amsl, Goseong (38°27'N, 128°23'E) 180 m amsl, Seoraksan NP (38°06'N, 128°27'E) 1070 m amsl, Seoraksan NP (38°05'N, 128°27'E) 1034 m amsl, Odaesan NP (37°47'N, 128°32'E), Uljin (36°59'N, 129°14'E) 715 m amsl Russia: Lazovsky Zapovednik (42°59'N, 134°07'E) 160 m amsl, Sikhote-Alinsky Zapovednik (44°54'N, 136°32'E) 30 m amsl, Sikhote-Alinsky Zapovednik (45°04'N, 136°43'E) 60 m amsl, Sikhote-Alinsky Zapovednik (45°04'N, 136°43'E) 370 m amsl, Sikhote-Alinsky Zapovednik (45°05'N, 136°45'E) 95 m amsl, Sikhote-Alinsky Zapovednik (45°08'N, 136°46'E) 120 m amsl Overall distribution: Mostly Russian and Korean coast of the Sea of Japan. Sporadically it occurs also in China (provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin). The paper presents 368 occurrence records of gorals from different regions based on localised photographs and museum specimens. As a result, in the present study the northeastern border of the distribution range of Nemorhaedus evansi is redefined with first direct record from Manipur. Several new field records of goral occurrence are listed.

CONCLUSION Gorals exhibit high fidelity to the territory therefore recognition of localities of theirs occurrence has an essential role in their conservation. As populations of all goral species are decreasing all taxa are listed in the IUCN Red Book. The Himalayan taxa are classified as near threatened (NT), all the others are in the category of vulnerable (VU).

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank to authors of photos. For making available their collections, I would like to thank to Roberto Portela Miguez (Natural History Museum , London), Frank E. Zachos and Alexander Bibl (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna), Christiane Funk (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin), Cécile Callou and Joséphine Lesur (Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris), Gennady Baryshnikov and Olga Makarova (Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg). For submitting information about the museums’ materials and taking photos of specimens I would like to thank the curators of the mammalian collections and other employees of the museums, namely: Rahul Khot (Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai), Ned Gilmore (Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia), Paige Engelbrektsson (Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C.), Mark Omura (Louis Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge), Laura Wilkinson and Maureen Flannery (California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco), Xuelong Jiang (Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming), , Gaurav Sharma (Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, and also the Indian Museum, Calcutta) and Neil Duncan (American Museum of Natural History, New York). The project was supported by the Mendel University internal grant agency of the Faculty of AgriSciences (MENDELU AF-IGA-2018-tym004).

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