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Changing Skills for a Changing World: Recommendations for Adult Literacy Policy in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Occasional Paper Series. INSTITUTION New Zealand Dept

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Changing Skills for a Changing World: Recommendations for Adult Literacy Policy in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Occasional Paper Series. INSTITUTION New Zealand Dept DOCUMENT RESUME ED 456 219 CE 082 155 AUTHOR Johnson, Alice H. TITLE Changing Skills for a Changing World: Recommendations for Adult Literacy Policy in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Occasional Paper Series. INSTITUTION New Zealand Dept. of Labour, Wellington. REPORT NO OP-2000/2 ISSN ISSN-1173-8782 PUB DATE 2000-10-00 NOTE 116p.; Sponsored by the Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellowships in Public Policy. Support also provided by Skill New Zealand and the Industry Training Federation. Produced by the Labour Market Policy Group. AVAILABLE FROM Labour Market Policy Group, New Zealand Department of Labour, P.O. Box 3705, Wellington, New Zealand ($10 New Zealand) .For full text: http://lmpg.govt.nz/opapers.htm#OP002. PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative (142) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adult Basic Education; *Adult Literacy; Basic Skills; Case Studies; Competency Based Education; Developed Nations; *Educational Benefits; Educational Change; Educational History; Foreign Countries; *Learning Motivation; *Literacy Education; National Programs; Program Implementation; Reading Skills; *Workplace Literacy IDENTIFIERS *New Zealand ABSTRACT This report summarizes issues facing New Zealand's modern adult literacy movement and places it in the context of the rapidly changing skill demands of the 21st century. Part I introduces political, economic, and social issues facing New Zealand. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the issues and structures that create the current climate. Part II provides a history of adult literacy in New Zealand. Chapter 2 defines literacy for the 21st century; identifies how literate New Zealanders are, and considers literacy needs by industry. Chapter 3 provides a brief history of New Zealand's literacy movement, describes emergence of workplace literacy, and discusses theoretical underpinnings Freirean and competency-based models. Chapter 4 addresses national leadership and provision of services. Four case studies are presented in a two-page profile with this basic information: type of program; cost; goal; types of services; work-related outcomes; number of students; student selection; structure; curriculum; learner profile; funding source; reason for literacy program; institutional profile; other factors that contribute to success; and student suggestions. A more detailed exploration follows of a series of questions on three themes: motivation, barriers, and benefits. Part III includes recommendations for a long-term, comprehensive, coordinated adult literacy strategy in Chapter 5, with implications for the United States in Chapter 6. Appendixes include the National Literacy Act: Public Law 102-73, and case study interview questions. (Contains 93 references, 7 tables, and 6 figures.)(YLB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. New Zealand Department of Labour Occasional Paper Series Changing skills for a changing world: Recommendations for adult literacy policy in Aotearoa / New Zealand by Alice IL Johnson EDUCATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OFand improvement Office of Educafional Research INFORMATION EDU ATIONAL RESOURCES CENTER (ERIC) This document has beenreproduced as Occasional Paper 2000/2 received from the person ororganization originating it. 0 Minor changes havebeen made to improve reproduction quality. October 2000 stated in this Points of view or opinions document do not necessarilyrepresent official OERI position orpolicy. Labour Market Policy Group PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY DEPARTMENT OF 0 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES TE TAR I MA HI INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 54-64 The Terrace, PO Box 3705, Wellington, NEW ZEALAND. Ph: 64-4-915-4742, Fax: 64-4-9154040 Internet: [email protected] 2 BESTCOPYAVAILABLE The purpose of the occasional paper series is to promote discussion and debate on New Zealand labour market issues, and to make available to a wider audience the results of research carried out by or for the New Zealand Department of Labour. A list of previously released occasional papers together with an order form are included at the end of this paper. Occasional papers are also available free of charge from the Department's website at: http://www.lmpg.govt.nz/opapers.htm. The views expressed in this occasional paper do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Labour. New Zealand Department of Labour Occasional Paper Series ISSN 1173-8782 © 2001 Department of Labour, PO Box 3705, Wellington, NEW ZEALAND Ph: 64-4-915-4742, Fax: 64-4-915-4040 Internet: [email protected] Labour Market Bulletin The Department of Labour also publishes the Labour Market Bulletinan annual journal of applied New Zealand labour market research, which contains articles submitted by researchers analysing issues of relevance to the New Zealand labour market or labour market policies. Contributions are encouraged, and will be subject to critical peer review before acceptance. For subscription information, or to obtain guidelines for contributors, contact the Labour Market Policy Group at the address listed above. Articles from previous issues of the Bulletin are available from the Department of Labour's website at: http://www.lmpg.govt.nz/bulletin.htm. 3 Changing skills for a changing world: Recommendations for adult literacy policy in Aotearoa / New Zealand A report by Alice H. Johnson With funding from the Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellowships in Public Policy Occasional Paper 2000/2 October 2000 Abstract: This report was researched and written under the sponsorship of the Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellowships in Public Policy. It summarises major issues facing New Zealand's modern adult literacy movement and places it in the context of the rapidly changing skill demands of the 21st Century. In addition to an overview of the current adult literacy system and four new case studies, the pages that follow include recommendations for a long-term, comprehensive, co-ordinated adult literacy strategyan overdue necessity in light of recent economic and technological changes. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent those of the Department of Labour. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 INTRODUCTION 11 PART I: THE UNIQUE NATURE OF NEW ZEALAND THE BIG PICTURE 1 12 A CHANGING ECONOMY 12 NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK 14 INDUSTRY TRAINING STRATEGY 15 TREATY OF WAITANGI 16 MAORI ISSUES 17 MIGRANT AND REFUGEE ISSUES 19 PACIFIC PEOPLES' ISSUES 19 PART II: ADULT LITERACY IN NEW ZEALAND: PASTAND PRESENT 2 WHAT IS "LITERACY" IN THE 21ST CENTURY? 21 WHY IS THE DEFINITION IMPORTANT? 21 HOW LITERATE ARE NEW ZEALANDERS? 23 LITERACY AND EMPLOYMENT 27 LITERACY NEEDS BY INDUSTRY 28 HOW DOES NEW ZEALAND'S LITERACY RATE COMPARE INTERNATIONALLY? 29 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 3 31 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NEW ZEALAND'S LITERACY MOVEMENT 31 THE EMERGENCE OF WORKPLACE LITERACY 35 HIGHLIGHTS OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON WORKPLACE LITERACY 38 THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS: FREIREAN AND COMPETENCY-BASEDMODELS 41 4 ADULT LITERACY IN PRACTICE 44 NATIONAL LEADERSHIP 44 PROVISION OF SERVICES 45 HIGHLIGHTS OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON EFFECTIVE PRACTICE 49 CASE STUDIES 51 CASE STUDY CONCLUSIONS 60 PART III: LOOKING TOWARDS THE FUTURE PUBLIC POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 5 71 CORE ELEMENToQi OF A COMPREHENSIVE ADULT LITERACYSTRATEGY 72 INTEGRATING LIfERACY INTO THE INDUSTRY TRAINING STRATEGY 84 INTEGRATING LITERACY INTO THE NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONSFRAMEWORK 86 INTEGRATING LITERACY INTO OTHER POLICY INITIATIVES 88 6 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES 89 BIBLIOGRAPHY 94 2 5 APPENDIX 1: THE NATIONAL LITERACY ACT (SELECT PORTIONS) 100 APPENDIX 2: CASE STUDY INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 108 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE OF THE LABOUR FORCE IN NEW ZEALAND 13 TABLE 2: SKILLS OF ADULTS AT LEVEL 1 25 TABLE 3: IALS LITERACY TASKS: SAMPLES FROM EACH LEVEL 26 TABLE 4: LITERACY SKILLS BY INDUSTRY SECTOR IN NEW ZEALAND 29 TABLE 5: LITERACY SKILLS BY OCCUPATION IN NEW ZEALAND 29 TABLE 6: ADULT LITERACY AND ESOL PROVIDERS 45 TABLE 7: CASE STUDIES AT A GLANCE 51 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: LITERACY LEVELS BY ETHNICITY 24 FIGURE 2: IALS LITERACY CONTINUUM 25 FIGURE 3: LITERACY SKILL LEVELS OF UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY ETHNICITY 27 FIGURE 4: PERCENT OF ADULTS WITH LOWEST LITERACY SKILLS 30 FIGURE 5: PERCENT OF ADULTS AT EACH LITERACY LEVEL 30 FIGURE 6: OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT: 1985-2000 36 3 ABSTRACT This report was researched and written under the sponsorship of the Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellowships in Public Policy. It summarises major issues facing New Zealand's modern adult literacy movement and places it in the context of the rapidly changing skill demands of the 21st Century. In addition to an overview of the current adult literacy system and fournew case studies, the pages that follow include recommendations for a long-term, comprehensive, co-ordinated adult literacy strategyan overdue necessity in light of recent economic and technological changes. HOW TO USE THIS REPORT Due to its length, many readers will not have time to read this report cover-to-cover. Part I is written primarily for the U.S. audience, as an introduction to timely political, economic and social issues facing New Zealand. The New Zealand audience may wish to skip this section and begin with Part II. For readers with very limited time, the Executive Summary, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 are recommended. The New Zealand Prime Minister, the Rt. Hon. Jim Bolger announced the Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellowships in Public Policy, on 4 July 1995. The
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