Expiring Monthly
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Machine Learning Based Intraday Calibration of End of Day Implied Volatility Surfaces
DEGREE PROJECT IN MATHEMATICS, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2020 Machine Learning Based Intraday Calibration of End of Day Implied Volatility Surfaces CHRISTOPHER HERRON ANDRÉ ZACHRISSON KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES Machine Learning Based Intraday Calibration of End of Day Implied Volatility Surfaces CHRISTOPHER HERRON ANDRÉ ZACHRISSON Degree Projects in Mathematical Statistics (30 ECTS credits) Master's Programme in Applied and Computational Mathematics (120 credits) KTH Royal Institute of Technology year 2020 Supervisor at Nasdaq Technology AB: Sebastian Lindberg Supervisor at KTH: Fredrik Viklund Examiner at KTH: Fredrik Viklund TRITA-SCI-GRU 2020:081 MAT-E 2020:044 Royal Institute of Technology School of Engineering Sciences KTH SCI SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden URL: www.kth.se/sci Abstract The implied volatility surface plays an important role for Front office and Risk Manage- ment functions at Nasdaq and other financial institutions which require mark-to-market of derivative books intraday in order to properly value their instruments and measure risk in trading activities. Based on the aforementioned business needs, being able to calibrate an end of day implied volatility surface based on new market information is a sought after trait. In this thesis a statistical learning approach is used to calibrate the implied volatility surface intraday. This is done by using OMXS30-2019 implied volatil- ity surface data in combination with market information from close to at the money options and feeding it into 3 Machine Learning models. The models, including Feed For- ward Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network and Gaussian Process, were compared based on optimal input and data preprocessing steps. -
Users/Robertjfrey/Documents/Work
AMS 511.01 - Foundations Class 11A Robert J. Frey Research Professor Stony Brook University, Applied Mathematics and Statistics [email protected] http://www.ams.sunysb.edu/~frey/ In this lecture we will cover the pricing and use of derivative securities, covering Chapters 10 and 12 in Luenberger’s text. April, 2007 1. The Binomial Option Pricing Model 1.1 – General Single Step Solution The geometric binomial model has many advantages. First, over a reasonable number of steps it represents a surprisingly realistic model of price dynamics. Second, the state price equations at each step can be expressed in a form indpendent of S(t) and those equations are simple enough to solve in closed form. 1+r D-1 u 1 1 + r D 1 + r D y y ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ = u fl u = 1+r D u-1 u 1+r-u 1 u 1 u yd yd ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ1+r D ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ1 uêÅÅÅÅ-ÅÅÅÅu ÅÅ H L H ê L i y As we will see shortlyH weL Hwill solveL the general problemj by solving a zsequence of single step problems on the lattice. That K O K O K O K O j H L H ê L z sequence solutions can be efficientlyê computed because wej only have to zsolve for the state prices once. k { 1.2 – Valuing an Option with One Period to Expiration Let the current value of a stock be S(t) = 105 and let there be a call option with unknown price C(t) on the stock with a strike price of 100 that expires the next three month period. -
VERTICAL SPREADS: Taking Advantage of Intrinsic Option Value
Advanced Option Trading Strategies: Lecture 1 Vertical Spreads – The simplest spread consists of buying one option and selling another to reduce the cost of the trade and participate in the directional movement of an underlying security. These trades are considered to be the easiest to implement and monitor. A vertical spread is intended to offer an improved opportunity to profit with reduced risk to the options trader. A vertical spread may be one of two basic types: (1) a debit vertical spread or (2) a credit vertical spread. Each of these two basic types can be written as either bullish or bearish positions. A debit spread is written when you expect the stock movement to occur over an intermediate or long- term period [60 to 120 days], whereas a credit spread is typically used when you want to take advantage of a short term stock price movement [60 days or less]. VERTICAL SPREADS: Taking Advantage of Intrinsic Option Value Debit Vertical Spreads Bull Call Spread During March, you decide that PFE is going to make a large up move over the next four months going into the Summer. This position is due to your research on the portfolio of drugs now in the pipeline and recent phase 3 trials that are going through FDA approval. PFE is currently trading at $27.92 [on March 12, 2013] per share, and you believe it will be at least $30 by June 21st, 2013. The following is the option chain listing on March 12th for PFE. View By Expiration: Mar 13 | Apr 13 | May 13 | Jun 13 | Sep 13 | Dec 13 | Jan 14 | Jan 15 Call Options Expire at close Friday, -
A Glossary of Securities and Financial Terms
A Glossary of Securities and Financial Terms (English to Traditional Chinese) 9-times Restriction Rule 九倍限制規則 24-spread rule 24 個價位規則 1 A AAAC see Academic and Accreditation Advisory Committee【SFC】 ABS see asset-backed securities ACCA see Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, The ACG see Asia-Pacific Central Securities Depository Group ACIHK see ACI-The Financial Markets of Hong Kong ADB see Asian Development Bank ADR see American depositary receipt AFTA see ASEAN Free Trade Area AGM see annual general meeting AIB see Audit Investigation Board AIM see Alternative Investment Market【UK】 AIMR see Association for Investment Management and Research AMCHAM see American Chamber of Commerce AMEX see American Stock Exchange AMS see Automatic Order Matching and Execution System AMS/2 see Automatic Order Matching and Execution System / Second Generation AMS/3 see Automatic Order Matching and Execution System / Third Generation ANNA see Association of National Numbering Agencies AOI see All Ordinaries Index AOSEF see Asian and Oceanian Stock Exchanges Federation APEC see Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation API see Application Programming Interface APRC see Asia Pacific Regional Committee of IOSCO ARM see adjustable rate mortgage ASAC see Asian Securities' Analysts Council ASC see Accounting Society of China 2 ASEAN see Association of South-East Asian Nations ASIC see Australian Securities and Investments Commission AST system see automated screen trading system ASX see Australian Stock Exchange ATI see Account Transfer Instruction ABF Hong -
The Impact of Implied Volatility Fluctuations on Vertical Spread Option Strategies: the Case of WTI Crude Oil Market
energies Article The Impact of Implied Volatility Fluctuations on Vertical Spread Option Strategies: The Case of WTI Crude Oil Market Bartosz Łamasz * and Natalia Iwaszczuk Faculty of Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-696-668-417 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 7 October 2020; Published: 13 October 2020 Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the impact of implied volatility on the costs, break-even points (BEPs), and the final results of the vertical spread option strategies (vertical spreads). We considered two main groups of vertical spreads: with limited and unlimited profits. The strategy with limited profits was divided into net credit spread and net debit spread. The analysis takes into account West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil options listed on New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) from 17 November 2008 to 15 April 2020. Our findings suggest that the unlimited vertical spreads were executed with profits less frequently than the limited vertical spreads in each of the considered categories of implied volatility. Nonetheless, the advantage of unlimited strategies was observed for substantial oil price movements (above 10%) when the rates of return on these strategies were higher than for limited strategies. With small price movements (lower than 5%), the net credit spread strategies were by far the best choice and generated profits in the widest price ranges in each category of implied volatility. This study bridges the gap between option strategies trading, implied volatility and WTI crude oil market. The obtained results may be a source of information in hedging against oil price fluctuations. -
Copyrighted Material
Index AA estimate, 68–69 At-the-money (ATM) SPX variance Affine jump diffusion (AJD), 15–16 levels/skews, 39f AJD. See Affine jump diffusion Avellaneda, Marco, 114, 163 Alfonsi, Aurelien,´ 163 American Airlines (AMR), negative book Bakshi, Gurdip, 66, 163 value, 84 Bakshi-Cao-Chen (BCC) parameters, 40, 66, American implied volatilities, 82 67f, 70f, 146, 152, 154f American options, 82 Barrier level, Amortizing options, 135 distribution, 86 Andersen, Leif, 24, 67, 68, 163 equal to strike, 108–109 Andreasen, Jesper, 67, 68, 163 Barrier options, 107, 114. See also Annualized Heston convexity adjustment, Out-of-the-money barrier options 145f applications, 120 Annualized Heston VXB convexity barrier window, 120 adjustment, 160f definitions, 107–108 Ansatz, 32–33 discrete monitoring, adjustment, 117–119 application, 34 knock-in options, 107 Arbitrage, 78–79. See also Capital structure knock-out options, 107, 108 arbitrage limiting cases, 108–109 avoidance, 26 live-out options, 116, 117f calendar spread arbitrage, 26 one-touch options, 110, 111f, 112f, 115 vertical spread arbitrage, 26, 78 out-of-the-money barrier, 114–115 Arrow-Debreu prices, 8–9 Parisian options, 120 Asymptotics, summary, 100 rebate, 108 Benaim, Shalom, 98, 163 At-the-money (ATM) implied volatility (or Berestycki, Henri, 26, 163 variance), 34, 37, 39, 79, 104 Bessel functions, 23, 151. See also Modified structure, computation, 60 Bessel function At-the-money (ATM) lookback (hindsight) weights, 149 option, 119 Bid/offer spread, 26 At-the-money (ATM) option, 70, 78, 126, minimization, -
Options in Asset Allocation Problems: an Empirical Model Applied to the Italian FTSE MIB Index
Dipartimento di Impresa e Management Cattedra Asset Pricing Options in asset allocation problems: an empirical model applied to the Italian FTSE MIB Index Prof. Paolo Porchia Prof. Marco Pirra RELATORE CORRELATORE Matr. 705881 CANDIDATO Anno Accademico 2019/2020 1 2 Contents Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 4 1). What are options? History, definitions, and strategies. .......................................................................... 6 1.1). Options: brief history and general definition. ....................................................................................... 6 1.2). Plain Vanilla and Exotic options: main determinants, greeks, payoffs. .............................................. 11 1.3) The most common options strategies. .................................................................................................. 21 2). The role of options in investors’ portfolios. ........................................................................................... 30 2.1). The role of options in buy and hold portfolios to solve the classic asset allocation problem. ............ 30 2.2). Benefit from including derivatives in optimal dynamic strategies. ..................................................... 37 2.3). Optimal Portfolio’s choices whit jumps in volatility. ......................................................................... 43 2.4). A myopic portfolio to exploit the mispricing. -
Smile Arbitrage: Analysis and Valuing
UNIVERSITY OF ST. GALLEN Master program in banking and finance MBF SMILE ARBITRAGE: ANALYSIS AND VALUING Master’s Thesis Author: Alaa El Din Hammam Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Karl Frauendorfer Dietikon, 15th May 2009 Author: Alaa El Din Hammam Title of thesis: SMILE ARBITRAGE: ANALYSIS AND VALUING Date: 15th May 2009 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Karl Frauendorfer Abstract The thesis studies the implied volatility, how it is recognized, modeled, and the ways used by practitioners in order to benefit from an arbitrage opportunity when compared to the realized volatility. Prediction power of implied volatility is exam- ined and findings of previous studies are supported, that it has the best prediction power of all existing volatility models. When regressed on implied volatility, real- ized volatility shows a high beta of 0.88, which contradicts previous studies that found lower betas. Moment swaps are discussed and the ways to use them in the context of volatility trading, the payoff of variance swaps shows a significant neg- ative variance premium which supports previous findings. An algorithm to find a fair value of a structured product aiming to profit from skew arbitrage is presented and the trade is found to be profitable in some circumstances. Different suggestions to implement moment swaps in the context of portfolio optimization are discussed. Keywords: Implied volatility, realized volatility, moment swaps, variance swaps, dispersion trading, skew trading, derivatives, volatility models Language: English Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms i 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Initial situation . 1 1.2 Motivation and goals of the thesis . 2 1.3 Structure of the thesis . 3 2 Volatility 5 2.1 Volatility in the Black-Scholes world . -
Evidence on the Performance of Condor Option Spreads in Australia
APPLIED FINANCE LETTERS VOLUME 06, ISSUE 01, 2017 FLIGHT OF THE CONDORS: EVIDENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONDOR OPTION SPREADS IN AUSTRALIA SCOTT J. NIBLOCK1* 1. Lecturer, School of Business & Tourism, Southern Cross University, Australia * Corresponding Author: Dr Scott J. Niblock, Lecturer, School of Business & Tourism, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia +61 7 5589 3098 [email protected] Abstract: This paper examined whether superior nominal and risk-adjusted returns could be generated using condor option spread strategies on a large capitalized Australian stock. Monthly Commonwealth Bank of Australia Ltd (CBA) condor option spreads were constructed from 2012 to 2015 and their returns established. Standard and alternative measures were used to determine the nominal and risk-adjusted performance of the spreads. The results show that the short put condor spread produced superior nominal and risk-adjusted returns, but seemingly underperformed when the upside potential ratio was taken into consideration. The long iron condor spread also offered reasonable returns across both performance metrics. On the other hand, the short call condor, long call condor, short iron condor and long put condor spreads did not perform as well on a nominal and risk- adjusted return basis. The results suggest that constructing spreads on the foundation of volatility preferences could be a driver of performance for condor option spreads strategies. For instance, short volatility condor spreads with negatively skewed return distribution shapes appear to add value, while long volatility condor spreads with positively skewed return distribution shapes seem to be less attractive over the sample period. Overall, condor option spreads demonstrate high risk-return profiles, offer versatility in their construction and intended pay-off outcomes, create value in some instances and can be executed across varying market conditions. -
Fidelity 2017 Credit Spreads
Credit Spreads – And How to Use Them Marty Kearney 789768.1.0 1 Disclaimer Options involve risks and are not suitable for everyone. Individuals should not enter into options transactions until they have read and understood the risk disclosure document, Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options, available by visiting OptionsEducation.org. To obtain a copy, contact your broker or The Options Industry Council at One North Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606. Individuals should not enter into options transactions until they have read and understood this document. In order to simplify the computations used in the examples in these materials, commissions, fees, margin interest and taxes have not been included. These costs will impact the outcome of any stock and options transactions and must be considered prior to entering into any transactions. Investors should consult their tax advisor about any potential tax consequences. Any strategies discussed, including examples using actual securities and price data, are strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement, recommendation, or solicitation to buy or sell securities. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. 2 Spreads . What is an Option Spread? . An Example of a Vertical Debit Spread . Examples of Vertical Credit Spreads . How to choose strike prices when employing the Vertical Credit Spread strategy . Note: Any mention of Credit Spread today is using a Vertical Credit Spread. 3 A Spread A Spread is a combination trade, buying and/or selling two or more financial products. It could be stock and stock (long Coca Cola – short shares of Pepsi), Stock and Option (long Qualcomm, short a March QCOM call - many investors have used the “Covered Call”), maybe long an IBM call and Put. -
Using VIX to Help Trade Options
The Option Pit Method Understanding and Trading VIX Option Pit What we will cover in PART 1 • What VIX is and what it is not • What VIX measures • The nature of volatility • A look at the SPX straddle for an Easy VIX • Ways to trade VIX profitably What the heck is the VIX? VIX Facts • VIX has not gone below 8% or above 100% since 2008 • You cannot buy it or sell it • What it measures changes every week • It does not measure fear or complacency • The long term average for VIX is around 20 More VIX facts • Options on VIX only settle to VIX cash once per week • The VIX Index is generated from SPX options with a bid and an offer • At least 100 option series make up the VIX • The time to calculate VIX is measured in minutes VIX measures SPX 30 day implied volatility • Why 30 days? Well, that was all that was available when VIX was invented. • The calendar is very important to trading VIX • Most importantly: VIX DOES NOT MEASURE IV of options expiring this week or next week in the SPX • VIX uses the IV of the SPX options with 23 to 37 days to expiration. VIX is a volatility direction with a limit Volatility as a direction does not compound like A stock, it reverts to a mean Definition of Volatility • Basically the range of a stock over a certain period of time – In the case of the VIX, we are talking about the SPX only • There are RVX (Russell 2000) and TYVIX (10-Year Treasury Note) among others • There is a VIX for AAPL and a VIX for GOOGL So what is Volatility? • A 15% volatility on a $100 stock for 1 year would give us a range of $85 to $115 with a 68.2% degree of confidence. -
Profiting with Iron Condor Option : Strategies from the Frontline For
ptg PROFITING WITH IRON CONDOR OPTIONS STRATEGIES FROM THE FRONTLINE FOR TRADING IN UPOR DOWN MARKETS M I C H A E L H A N A N I A B E N K L I F A Vice President, Publisher: Tim Moore Associate Publisher and Director of Marketing: Amy Neidlinger Executive Editor: Jim Boyd Editorial Assistant: Pamela Boland Development Editor: Russ Hall Operations Manager: Gina Kanouse Senior Marketing Manager: Julie Phifer Publicity Manager: Laura Czaja Assistant Marketing Manager: Megan Colvin Cover Designer: Chuti Prasertsith Managing Editor: Kristy Hart Project Editor: Anne Goebel Copy Editor: Cheri Clark Proofreader: Linda Seifert Indexer: Lisa Stumpf Compositor: TnT Design, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: Dan Uhrig © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as FT Press Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 This book is sold with the understanding that neither the author nor the publisher is engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services or advice by publishing this book. Each individual situation is unique. Thus, if legal or financial advice or other expert assistance is required in a specific situation, the services of a competent professional should be sought to ensure that the situation has been evaluated carefully and appropriately. The author and the publisher disclaim any liability, loss, or risk resulting directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this book. FT Press offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact U.S. Corporate and Government Sales, 1-800-382-3419, [email protected].