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Probiotic Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 Expression in Human Mast Cells

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Probiotic Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 Expression in Human Mast Cells View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Online Submissions: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327office World J Gastroenterol 2011 February 14; 17(6): 750-759 [email protected] ISSN 1007-9327 (print) ISSN 2219-2840 (online) doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i6.750 © 2011 Baishideng. All rights reserved. BRIEF ARTICLE Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells Anna Oksaharju, Matti Kankainen, Riina A Kekkonen, Ken A Lindstedt, Petri T Kovanen, Riitta Korpela, Minja Miettinen Anna Oksaharju, Petri T Kovanen, Wihuri Research Institute, cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. Helsinki 00140, Finland rhamnosus) GG (LGG®), L. rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705), Matti Kankainen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS (PJS) Biosystems Modelling, Espoo 02044, Finland and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 (Bb12) Riina A Kekkonen, Riitta Korpela, Valio Ltd, Research Cen- and their combination for 3 or 24 h, and were sub- tre, Helsinki 00370, Finland jected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix Riina A Kekkonen, Riitta Korpela, University of Helsinki, In- ® stitute of Biomedicine, Medical Nutrition Physiology, Helsinki GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. The 00290, Finland gene expression differences between unstimulated and Ken A Lindstedt, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki 00140, bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with Finland and Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Nonclinical R&D, GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool Espoo 02601, Finland and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool. Minja Miettinen, National Institute for Health and Welfare, De- partment of Vaccines and Immune Protection, Helsinki 00580, RESULTS: LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress Finland genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE re- Author contributions: Kekkonen RA, Korpela R, Lindstedt KA ceptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G, respec- and Oksaharju A designed the research; Oksaharju A performed tively) and histamine H4 receptor. LGG, Lc705 and the the experiments; Oksaharju A, Kankainen M and Miettinen M analyzed the data; Oksaharju A wrote the manuscript; Kankainen combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect M, Kekkonen RA, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT, Korpela R and on the expression of genes involved in mast cell im- Miettinen M edited the manuscript. mune system regulation, and on several genes that en- Supported by Valio Research Centre, the Foundation for Nutri- coded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact, such as tion Research, Academy of Finland Research Council for Biosci- interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Also ences and Environment, Grant No. 129954; and Finnish Funding genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES) grant No. functions, such as IL-10, were upregulated. 2243/31/05. Wihuri Research Institute is maintained by Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation CONCLUSION: Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish Correspondence to: Anna Oksaharju, MSc, Wihuri Research mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of Institute, Kalliolinnantie 4, Helsinki 00140, Finland. [email protected] the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine recep- Telephone: +358-9-681411 Fax: +358-9-637476 tor genes, and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response. Received: May 14, 2010 Revised: August 28, 2010 Accepted: September 5, 2010 © 2011 Baishideng. All rights reserved. Published online: February 14, 2011 Key words: Probiotic bacteria; Mast cells; Microarray; Allergy; IgE receptor Abstract Peer reviewer: Dr. William R Parker, PhD, Assistant Profes- sor, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, AIM: To investigate the effects of four probiotic bac- Box 2605, Durham, NC 27710, United States teria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis. Oksaharju A, Kankainen M, Kekkonen RA, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT, Korpela R, Miettinen M. Probiotic Lactobacillus METHODS: Human peripheral-blood-derived mast rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human WJG|www.wjgnet.com 750 February 14, 2011|Volume 17|Issue 6| Oksaharju A et al . Probiotics regulate mast cell gene expression mast cells. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17(6): 750-759 Available tions. The most promising results of the health effects of from: URL: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v17/i6/750. probiotics have been discovered in studies of diarrhea[12], htm DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i6.750 allergy[13], irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)[14,15], and respi- ratory infections[16,17]. The effects of probiotics are sug- gested to be strain-specific, although one strain can have multiple influences[18]. In the treatment of a complex and INTRODUCTION heterogeneous condition such as IBS, the use of combi- nations of different strains of probiotics can have advan- Mast cells are multifunctional regulator cells that are locat- [14] tages over using a single strain . The most investigated ed at strategic host-environment interfaces including skin, and used probiotic genera are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacte- vascular barriers and gastrointestinal tract, where they rium. Lactobacillus strains have been effective in beneficially encounter antigens and pathogens, as well as commen- modulating commensal microbes and inhibiting pathogen sal microbes. In the healthy intestinal mucosa, mast cells [1] adhesion to gut mucosa. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium constitute 2%-3% of the cells of the lamina propria . have been shown to produce antimicrobial agents and to Mast cells are very heterogeneous cells that are tradition- [19] alleviate symptoms of allergy . Dairy Propionibacterium, ally classified by the content of their specific proteases which has been observed to exclude pathogenic microbes tryptase and chymase. A mast cell subtype that contains from gut mucosa[20], has also been used as a probiotic. only tryptase (MCT) is predominant in the lung and intes- Evidence from two clinical trials performed with the tine, whereas mast cells that contain tryptase and chymase [2] combination of four probiotic bacteria, i.e. Lactobacillus (MCTC) are prevalent in the skin and conjunctiva . Mast rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) GG (LGG), L. rhamnosus Lc705 cell subtypes can even vary between different parts of the (Lc705), Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS (PJS) same organ. Thus, MCT cells are enriched in the mucosal and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 (Bb12), suggests layer of the intestine but MCTC cells outnumber them in that the consumption of such combination alleviates the the intestinal submucosa. However, this classification is symptoms in IBS patients[14,21]. As mast cells are believed thought to be interchangeable and can be shaped accord- [3] to be important in regulating intestinal immunity and per- ing to the microenvironment of the cells . haps also intestinal sensory functions, we chose to study Mast cells participate in a variety of physiological the effects of the above probiotic combination and each functions, such as epithelial secretion and permeability, bacterium alone on the global gene expression of primary blood flow, peristalsis, neuroimmune interactions, and peripheral-blood-derived human mast cells. wound healing. One significant task for mast cells is host defence against pathogenic microbes. By secreting several mediators including histamine, proteases, lipid mediators MATERIALS AND METHODS and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, mast cells regu- Cell culture late the immune system and interact with other immune [4] Freshly collected buffy coats from healthy adult blood cells . The multifunctionality of mast cells can explain donors were provided by the Finnish Red Cross Blood why they are also involved in the pathogenesis of many Transfusion Service (Helsinki, Finland). The health of the inflammatory diseases, such as allergy. The number of subjects for blood donation is strictly controlled. The do- mast cells and the amount of mast-cell-derived mediators, nors must be 18-65 years of age, free of infections includ- such as histamine, which is the key mediator in allergy, are ing HIV, hepatitis B and C, and free of allergic symptoms increased at sites of allergic inflammation. The released and most chronic illnesses including autoimmune diseases. mediators induce mucus and electrolyte secretion, smooth Mononuclear cells were purified from heparinized blood muscle contraction, nerve-cell activation and other symp- by Ficoll-Paque™ Plus (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Swe- [5] toms common in allergic reactions . The regulation of den) density gradient centrifugation. Mast cell precursor mast-cell mediators is complex. The best characterized cells were isolated by positive immunomagnetic selection mechanism of mast cell activation is high-affinity IgE using indirect CD34 MicroBead Kit and MACS® separa- [6] receptor (FcεR1)-mediated activation . IgE-receptor ag- tion columns (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergish Gladbach, Ger- gregation induces multiple signaling pathways that control many) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After the secretion of allergy-related mediators, such as hista- selection, the CD34+ cells were cultured for 9-11 wk in mine and leukotrienes, and the induction of T helper cell serum-free Stem Span™ cell culture medium (Stem Cell 2 (Th2) type cytokine and tumor necrosis
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