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Mendip Hills AONB Survey
Mendip Hills An Archaeological Survey of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty by Peter Ellis ENGLISH HERITAGE Contents List of figures Introduction and Acknowledgements ...................................................1 Project Summary...................................................................................2 Table 1: New sites located during the present survey..................3 Thematic Report Introduction ................................................................................10 Hunting and Gathering...............................................................10 Ritual and Burial ........................................................................12 Settlement...................................................................................18 Farming ......................................................................................28 Mining ........................................................................................32 Communications.........................................................................36 Political Geography....................................................................37 Table 2: Round barrow groups...................................................40 Table 3: Barrow excavations......................................................40 Table 4: Cave sites with Mesolithic and later finds ...................41 A Case Study of the Wills, Waldegrave and Tudway Quilter Estates Introduction ................................................................................42 -
The Prehistory of Mendip
The Prehistory of Mendip A weekend study tour by the Prehistoric Society led by Dr Jodie Lewis (Worcester University) Friday 15th–Sunday 17th August 2008 £120 In a new experiment for the Prehistoric Society we offer a ‘budget’ field study tour of the Prehistory of the Mendip Hills. There will be nothing ‘budget’ about the archaeology but the tour will be based at Bath Youth Hostel. The building is described as ‘a beautiful Italianate mansion in its own gardens’ and has just undergone extensive refurbishment (http://www.yha.org.uk/find-accommodation/south-west-england/hostels/Bath/ index.aspx). It is situated on the edge of the city about 1½ miles from the train/bus stations. Details of buses will be provided and we will arrange timed pick-ups from the railway station. The price will include two nights bed and breakfast in 3-star dormitory accommodation, transport and entry to all sites and packed lunches. Evening meals are not included but there are hundreds of eateries in Bath to suit every budget and there is plenty of nightlife as well as a beautiful city to explore in the evenings. The Mendip Hills boast a huge variety of archaeological sites including, probably most famously, the Cheddar Caves with their Palaeolithic and Mesolithic content, as well as henges, long barrows, exptensive barrow cemeteries, Iron Age hillforts and much more. The tour will be led by Dr Jodie Lewis, a leading expert on the archaeology of Mendip who is currently conducting a programme of fieldwork at Priddy Circles henges and other sites in the area. -
A Bibliography of Somerset Geology to 1997
A selection from A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SOMERSET GEOLOGY by Hugh Prudden in alphabetical order of authors, but not titles Copies of all except the items marked with an asterisk* are held by either the Somerset Studies Library or the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society June 1997 "Alabaster" in Mining Rev (1837) 9, 163* "Appendix II: geology" in SHERBORNE SCHOOL. Masters and Boys, A guide to the neighbourhood of Sherborne and Yeovil (1925) 103-107 "Blackland Iron Mine" in Somerset Ind Archaeol Soc Bull (Apr 1994) 65, 13 Catalogue of a collection of antiquities ... late Robert Anstice (1846)* Catalogue of the library of the late Robert Anstice, Esq. (1846) 3-12 "Charles Moore and his work" in Proc Bath Natur Hist Antiq Fld Club (1893) 7.3, 232-292 "Death of Prof Boyd Dawkins" in Western Gazette (18 Jan 1929) 9989, 11 "A description of Somersetshire" in A description of England and Wales (1769) 8, 88-187 "Earthquake shocks in Somerset" in Notes Queries Somerset Dorset (Mar 1894) 4.25, 45-47 "Edgar Kingsley Tratman (1899-1978): an obituary" in Somerset Archaeol Natur Hist (1978/79) 123, 145 A fascies study of the Otter Sandstone in Somerset* "Fault geometry and fault tectonics of the Bristol Channel Basin .." in "Petroleum Exploration Soc Gr Brit field trip" (1988)* A few observations on mineral waters .. Horwood Well .. Wincanton (ca 1807) "Ham Hill extends future supplies" in Stone Industries (1993) 28.5, 15* Handbook to the geological collection of Charles Moore ... Bath (1864)* "[Hawkins' sale to the British Museum... libel -
The Archaeological Work of the Ubss: the First Twenty Years
Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelaeol. Soc., 2017, 27 (2), 125-160 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK OF THE UBSS: THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS by D.T. DONOVAN ABSTRACT An account is given of the archaeological work undertaken by the UBSS during the first twenty years of its existence. The sites worked, the methods of working and the people involved are discussed. The quality of the work and of its reporting is also examined. INTRODUCTION The origin of the UBSS This review examines the Society’s activities in archaeology from its beginning up to the start of World War 2. The first fifty years were reviewed in some detail by ApSimon (1969) on the occasion of the Society’s Jubilee. ApSimon summarised the archaeology of the various sites and their local or regional significance. The present writer is not competent to do this. In any case it would be pointless to repeat ApSimon’s summary. Rather, I was intrigued by the extent of the Society’s early work in archaeology, and by the reputation among established workers in the field which was quite rapidly achieved. I therefore looked at the reasons for starting work at different sites, the practical aspects of the work, and the question of supervision and of reporting. The UBSS was not quite new in 1919: the Bristol Speleological Research Society (BSRS) had been formed in the spring of 1912 (Shaw, 1969). Most of the thirteen members who have been identified (Williams, 2000; Rossington, 2010) were from families who ran small businesses in the Bedminster area of south Bristol. Four of them, G.F. -
Natural Sinkholes Affecting the Priddy Circles, Mendip
Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelacol. Soc, 1986, 17 (3), 355-358. ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTES NATURAL SINKHOLES AFFECTING THE PRIDDY CIRCLES, MENDIP by W. I. Stanton NGR ST 5452 ABSTRACT Many of the surface depressions in and around the Priddy Circles (Neolithic henge monuments) are shown to be natural sinkholes, not mine workings as had been assumed. The construction of Circle no. 3 involved levelling several pre-existing sinkholes, but the ground remained liable to subsidence. Unsatisfactory ground conditions may have been one of the factors that led to the abandonment of the whole ceremonial site before the Circles were completed, The Priddy Circles, four large Neolithic henge monuments, were described by Tratman (1967) following excavations by the Society, 1956 to 1961. In his paper Tratman often referred to pits and hollows close to the Circles, in some cases affecting the actual earthworks, as being the work of miners. He did not cite evidence in support of this assumption, nor did he mention the possibility that some of the hollows might be natural. Probably he accepted the opinion of local landowners that miners were responsible for almost any hollow in the ground surface of that part of the Mendip plateau. The present writer carried out a field by field survey of surface topography in the Chancellor's Farm orefield (Stanton, 1982, Fig. 2) from 1984 to 1985 and extended it into adjacent areas. Within the orefield itself some of the existing depressions appear to be natural hollows, not the work of miners. The evidence for this assertion includes the smooth rounded forms of the depressions, the absence of tip heaps and the presence of complex snail holes (Stanton, 1986) in limestone outcrops low down in the depressions. -
Digital Trauma Analysis in the Tollense Valley, Germany Number 90
THE NEWSLETTERAST OF THE PREHISTORIC SOCIETY P Registered Office: University College London, Institute of Archaeology, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY http://www.prehistoricsociety.org/ Micro-traces of a major Bronze Age conflict: digital trauma analysis in the Tollense valley, Germany Human skeletal remains can shed light on the life, state Our palaeomechanical studies focus on the efficiency of the of health and death of prehistoric individuals and even weapons that killed them, the bone trauma they suffered and on the socio-cultural structures of past communities. In the way they were fighting. In the following, we outline a the Bronze Age, a violent mass conflict in the Tollense methodological process of non-invasive, digital trauma analysis valley in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, north-east and simulations of the injury mechanisms. We developed Germany, claimed the lives of many mainly young men. this approach to provide additional data supplementing the ongoing archaeological and anthropological investigations of this unique site, but it can be applied to the study of interpersonal conflicts more generally. In 1996, amateur archaeologists Ronald and Hans-Dieter Borgwardt recovered human bones and a first wooden club sticking out of a bank of the river Tollense. Among the bones, a humerus with a flint arrowhead still embedded suggested interpersonal violence. Since then, intense investigations (excavations and metal detector surveys) have been carried out at several sites over a 3 km stretch of the river Tollense, on land and under water. So far, more than 11,000 skeletal remains, for the most part disarticulated, have been recovered, intermingled with some animal bones and several Bronze Age weapons. -
141. Mendip Hills Area Profile: Supporting Documents
National Character 141. Mendip Hills Area profile: Supporting documents www.gov.uk/natural-england 1 National Character 141. Mendip Hills Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment 1 2 3 White Paper , Biodiversity 2020 and the European Landscape Convention , we are North revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas East that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision- Yorkshire making framework for the natural environment. & The North Humber NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their West decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape East scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader Midlands partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help West Midlands to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. East of England Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key London drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are South East suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance South West on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. -
'Henge' at Hunstrete, Bath and North-East Somerset?
assemblage 14 (2015): 12-24 A New ‘Henge’ at Hunstrete, Bath and North-East Somerset? by NICK CORCOS The identification of a historic fieldname at Hunstrete, near Marksbury in northern Somerset, has led directly to the discovery of a previously unknown circular feature, 70m in diameter, which geophysical survey has confirmed is almost certainly a Neolithic henge-type monument. The occurrence of the fieldname also made it possible clearly to identify the feature on modern satellite imagery, on which it had previously passed unnoticed and unreported. The background to the discovery is discussed, and the paper also stresses the crucial importance of the use of historical and linguistic evidence, in the form of fieldnames or so-called ‘minor’ place-names, for the discovery of archaeological sites. Keywords: Hunstrete, henge, Neolithic, Somerset, historic field-name, Old English, toponymic evidence Introduction sources, have to play in the identification of otherwise unrecorded archaeological sites This paper reports on the discovery of a (Corcos, u.d.). previously unknown field monument, surv- iving under certain conditions as a soil mark, immediately south of the hamlet of Hunstrete, Background in Bath and North-East Somerset District. At the time of writing (Autumn 2013), the feature In August 2012, Avon Archaeological Unit Ltd is completely undated; however, from what were commissioned to produce a commercial detail can be discerned in satellite imagery, its archaeological desk-based assessment relating morphological affinities at least appear to to a site about 800m south of the hamlet of place it firmly within that class of monument Hunstrete. The research for that commission, sometimes rather loosely described as and the production of the final report, were 'hengiform', if, indeed, it is not actually a undertaken by the present author. -
Mendip-Hills-NCA-141.Pdf
Character Area 141 Mendip Hills Key Characteristics surrounding lowland, extending to a harsher, wetter and foggier climate in the Hills. ● A chain of prominent limestone hills extending inland The central feature of the Mendip Hills is a gently- from the coast and rising up sharply from surrounding undulating limestone plateau, with an outstanding lowlands. assemblage of prehistoric features, on which sits a strongly ● An open, largely treeless, limestone plateau with karst rectilinear pattern of 18th century enclosure, mainly of dry features, cave systems, dry stone walls and sparse stone walls in grey limestone. For centuries before settlement. enclosure, it was open sheepwalks of calcareous and neutral grassland. Remains of the lead industry (such as 'gruffy ● Dramatic gorges, cliffs and escarpment slopes around the plateau. ground'), dating from Roman times onwards, are locally prominent and the more recent abandoned workings have ● A sharp contrast between the open plateau and steep developed as wetlands, ponds and grasslands of high nature- escarpment slopes of the karst landscape and the more conservation value. complex, gentler landforms in the east. ● Many industrial archaeological sites reflecting the lead, coal and cloth industries. ● Perpendicular church towers. ● Country houses in the east with wooded parks. ● Buildings in local stone with pantile roofs: stones include grey limestone, reddish dolomitic limestone and grey or honey-coloured oolitic limestone. ● Outstanding prehistoric ritual landscapes. Landscape Character AGENCY JOHN TYLER/COUNTRYSIDE The Mendip Hills are characterised by rock outcrops, gorges, The predominantly Carboniferous Limestone landform of caves and the features of a karst landscape. Cheddar Gorge is the the Mendip Hills rises abruptly out of the flat landscape of best example and one of the finest limestone gorges in England. -
The Light Fantastic: Using Airborne Lidar in Archaeological Survey
2010 The Light Fantastic Using airborne lidar in archaeological survey 1 Contents Preface Part III How do you use it? Part I What is lidar and what does it do? 1 Visualisation . 21 1 What is lidar? . 3 2 Interpretation . 24 1 .1 Airborne lidar . 4 2 .1 Archaeological . 24 2 .2 Filtering . 25 2 What does it provide? . 5 2 .3 Artefacts and issues . 26 2 .1 Height data . 5 2 .2 Intensity data . 7 3 Mapping . 27 3 Data types . 8 4 Field use: hard copy, digital and vector . 27 3 .1 Raw and gridded data; TINs and raster . 8 3 .2 Surfaces DEM, DTM and DSM . 11 3 .3 File formats . 11 Part IV Case studies 4 Accuracy and resolution . 14 1 Stonehenge . 28 2 Witham Valley . 28 Part II How to decide if you need it: practicalities and limitations 3 Forest of Dean . 29 1 Project planning . 17 4 Mendip . 30 1 .1 MoRPHE . 17 1 .2 Survey considerations and outputs . 17 5 Savernake . 32 2 Where can you use it? . 18 2 .1 Grassland . 18 Part V Lidar for woodland survey 2 .2 Moorland . 18 2 .3 Arable . 18 1 Survey suitability . 33 2 .4 Woodland . 19 2 Identifying features in woodland . 34 3 To map or not to map? . 19 3 Lidar and managing the historic environment 4 Data acquisition . 19 in woodland . 35 5 Dissemination, archiving and copyright . 21 5 .1 Dissemination . 21 Conclusion and summary . 37 5 .2 Archiving . 21 Decision Tree . 39 5 .3 Copyright . 21 References . 40 Glossary . 41 Appendix Sources of advice on using lidar . -
An Overview of the Archaeology of Mendip Caves and Karst
An overview of the archaeology of Mendip caves and karst. Compiled and edited by Vince Simmonds. Looking out to Blackdown, the highest point on Mendip, from Burrington Ham Contents Page Introduction 2 The geological landscape 4 The cave environment 5 Experiences within the cave environment 6 The use of caves 8 Some notable Mendip cavers and cave archaeologists 13 A chronological framework 16 A timeline for the archaeology of Mendip caves and karst: 17 Palaeolithic 17 Mesolithic 22 Neolithic into the Early Bronze Age 25 Bronze Age 29 Iron Age into the Roman/Romano-British 30 Saxon 33 Medieval 34 Post-medieval 34 Modern 34 Discussion 35 Descriptions of Mendip caves with a focus on the archaeological interest 37 Acknowledgements 64 Bibliography 65 Appendix 71 1 “The Mendip Hills are an important archaeological landscape, with an interrupted sequence of human activity stretching back 500 000 years” (Lewis, 2011). Introduction The Mendip Hills are a dominant topographic feature comprising a high steep-sided plateau that stretches from north-west to south-east diagonally across much of the northern region of Somerset (Green and Welch, 1965). The name Mendip is probably derived from the Celtic ‘mynydd’ meaning mountain or hill (Jamieson, 2015). The hills are formed predominately of limestone and located within this landscape are numerous caves and other karstic features. Caves are ancient features that appear in many shapes and forms, and a number of them have been used as natural shelters for humans throughout time ranging from the Palaeolithic through to the modern era. They have provided an opportunity for a diverse range of other functions, be it domestic, economic, or ritual and funerary. -
District Wide Assessment Reduced
5 DISTRICT WIDE APPRAISAL DISTRICT WIDE APPRAISAL 5.0 DISTRICT WIDE APPRAISAL 5.1 Geology & Physical Geography 5.1.1 The landscape interest and diverse range of character areas across the Mendip district are inextricably linked to the underlying geology and geomorphology. The distinctive limestone ridge is identified as one of the defining special qualities of the Mendip Hills AONB [5.1]. Lynchcombe NR | | 29 DISTRICT WIDE APPRAISAL KEY Geology Overview | | 30 DISTRICT WIDE APPRAISAL 5.1.2 Within the Statement of Significance of the AONB’s KEY Special Qualities it is noted;- BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LOCALITY AREAS “The diverse and visible geology that ranges from 1 Black Down 6 Priddy GEOLOGICAL SSSI 2 Charterhouse 7 Harptree Smitham Hill REGIONALLY IMPORTANT GEODIVERSITY SITE Devonian to Jurassic in a relatively small area, making (RIGS) one of the best areas in the country to appreciate 3 Draycott & Westbury-Sub-Mendip 8 Beacon Hill the relationship between geology, landscape, natural 4 Ebbor Gorge 9 Mells and Wadbury Valley history including the iconic Cheddar Gorge”. [5.1] 5 Wookey Hole 10 Great Elm and Vallis Vale 5.1.3 This interest extends the full length of the Mendip ridge well beyond the AONB boundary. From the early exploitation of the lead and coal resources through to the modern extent of limestone quarrying within the district, the geology has also influenced the patterns of settlement and infrastructure within the district. With the natural exposure of strata and the mineral extraction operations the district geology has helped shape the understanding of many aspects of geological processes.