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Nouvelles Données Sur L'évolution Et La Classification

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Nouvelles Données Sur L'évolution Et La Classification Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Nice XXII : 87-100 , 2007 Nouvelles données sur l’évolution et la classification des H olcodiscidae S p a t h , 1923 (A m m o n it id a , A m m o n it in a , S ilesitoidea ) par J. Vermeuien* * Grand rue, 04330 Barrême. Résumé La famille des H olcodiscidae S pa th , 1923 est classée dans la super-famille des S ile si- TOIDEA HYATT, 1900 nom. transi. V e r m eu len , ce travail et son contenu générique est précisé par la création de trois nouveaux genres. Le genre Maurelidiscus gen. nov. est issu du genre Abrytusites N ikolov & B r e sk o v sk i, 1969 ; c'est à partir de ce nouveau genre qu'apparaissent les genres Metahoplites SPATH, 1924, Pseudometahoplites gen. nov., Holcodiscns U h l ig , 1882 et Avramidiscus VERMEU­ LEN, 1996. Les espèces du genre Maurelidiscus gen. nov. se distinguent essentiellement de celles du genre Avramidiscus V e r m eu len , 1996 par des tours juvéniles sans constrictions. Le genre Pseudometahoplites gen. nov. est issu du genre Maurelidiscus gen. nov. ; il dispa­ raît dans la Sous-Zone à Heinzia sayni. Les espèces du genre Pseudometahoplites gen. nov. se distinguent de celles du genre Metahoplites Sp a t h , 1924 par la présence de tubercules latéraux. Le genre Beviadiscus gen. nov. est très probablement issu du genre Parasaynoceras Brf.is- tr o ffer , 1947 ; ses espèces se distinguent de celles de ce dernier genre par l'absence de tubercules latéro-ventraux et de celles du genre Astieridiscus KlLlAN, 1910 par l'existence de tubercules latéraux. Quelques données sur l’évolution des H olcodiscidae S pa th , 1923 sont apportées et un nouveau schéma phylogénétique de la famille est proposé. Mots clés : A m m o n itin a , H olcodiscidae , Maurelidiscus, Pseudometahoplites, Bevia­ discus. Abstract The family HOLCODISCIDAE SPATH, 1923 is classified into the superfamily SILESITOIDEA H y a tt, 1900 nom. transi. V er m eu len , this work, and its generic content is spccificd by the création of three new généra. The genus Maurelidiscus gen. nov. dérivés from the genus Abrytusites N iko lo v & B resk o v sk i, 1969; from this new genus dérivé the gênera Metahoplites S pa t h , 1924, Pseudometahoplites gen. nov., Holcodiscus U h l ig , 1882 and Avramidiscus V e r m eu len , 1996. The species of the genus Maurelidiscus gen. nov. are distinguished primarily from those of the genus Avramidiscus V e r m eu len , 1996 by youthful whorls without cons- Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923 (Ammonitida, Ammonilina, Silesitoidea) trierions. The genus Pseudometahoplites gen. nov. dérivés from the genus Maurelidiscus gen. nov.; it disappears in the Subzone of Heinzia sayni. The species of the genus Pseudometahoplites gen. nov. are distinguished from those of the genus Metahoplites Spa t h , 1924 by the pré­ sence of latéral tubcrcles. The genus Beviadiscus gen. nov. dérivés most probably from the genus Parasaynoceras B reistroffer, 1947; its species are distinguished from those of this last genus by the lack of ventro-lateral tubercles and they are distinguished from those of the genus Astieridiscus Kjlia n , 1910 by the existence of latéral tubercles. Some data on the évolution o f HOLCODISCIDAE Spa t h , 1923 are brought and a new phylogenetical diagram of the family is proposed. Key words: AMMONITINA, HOLCODISCIDAE, Maurelidiscus, Pseudometahoplites, Bevia­ discus. Introduction L'étude des variations ontogénétiques et des répartirions stratigraphique des espèces de la famille des HOLCODISCIDAE Spa t h , 1923, de la Zone à Avramidiscus kiliani à la Zone à Toxancyloceras vandenheckii a permis d'obtenir de nouvelles données sur la différenciation des lignées phylogénétiques de cette famille. La classification phylogénétique qui en résulte nécessite la création des nouveaux genres décrits dans ce travail. 1. La super-famille des Silesitoidea Hyatt, 1900 nom. transi Le genre Ahrytusites N ikolov & B r esk o v sk j, 1969 apparaît dans l'Hautcrivien inférieur (Thieuloy, 1972). Les caractères juvéniles des spécimens de l'Hauterivien inférieur permettent de fixer l'origine de ce genre dans la sous-famille des S pitidiscinae V e r - m eu len & Th ie u l o y , 1999. L'association des Spitidiscinae V erm eu len & T h ieu lo y , 1999 et des A brytusitinae B resk o v sk j, 1977 permet de constituer la famille des A brytusitidae B resk o v sk j, 1977 nom. transi V e r m e u l e n , ce travail. Cette famille a pour souche le genre Neohoploceras Sp a t h , 1939. Company et al. (2005) figurent un spécimen du Barrémien basai qu'ils classent dans le genre Silesites U h lig , 1883 ; ses caractères dimensionels et ornementaux le placent entre les espèces hauteriviennes du genre Abrytusites NlKOLOV & B r e sk o v sk i, 1969 et celles du genre Silesites UHLIG, 1883 qui ne deviennent fréquentes qu'à partir de la base de la Zone à Nicklesia pulchella. Cette population intermédiaire permet de supposer un lien phylétique Abrytusites - Silesites et donc un lien phylétique A brytusitidae - SlLESlTlDAE. Le genre Maurelidiscus gen. nov. a pour ancêtre Abrytusites quinquesulcatus M a th erON, 1878 ; cette parenté établit le lien phylétique A brytusitidae - H olcodiscidae . Les liens phylétiques existants entre les familles des A brytusitidae B resk ov skj, 1977 nom. transi V e rm eu len , ce travail, des SlLESlTlDAE H y a tt , 1900 et des HOLCODISCIDAE S path, 1923 permettent de les classer dans une même super-famille, les Silesitoidea HYATT, 1900 nom. transi V e r m eu len , ce travail, qui s'enracine dans les NEOCOMITIDAE Sa l fe l d , 1921. 3. Vermeul en 2. L a f a m il l e d e s H olcodiscidae S p a t h , 1923 2.1. Contenu générique Dans la famille des Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923, Klein (2005) classe les genres Astieridiscus K ilia n , 1910, Neoastieria Obata & Matsukawa, 1984, Holcodiscus U h lig , 1882, Almohadites W ied m an n , 1966, Parasaynoceras Breistroffer, 1947, Metahoplites S p a th , 1924, Gymnoplites S p a th , 1933, Taveraidiscus Vermeulen & T h ie u lo y , 1999 et Avramidiscus VermeüLEN, 1996. Le genre Neoastieria Obata & M atsukawa, 1984 doit être classé dans la famille des SlLESlTlDAE H y a t t , 1900, comme le préconisent Wright et al. (1996, p. 87). Le genre Almohadites W ied m an n , 1966 est un synonyme majeur du genre Deitanites C om p an y , Fôzy, Sandoval & Tavera, 2006. Le genre Gymnoplites S p a th , 1933 a un statut péri­ phérique et le genre Taveraidiscus Vermeulen & Thieuloy, 1999, qui apparaît dans les dernières couches à ammonites pseudothurmanniformes, dans la Sous-Zone à Prieuriceras picteti, doit être classé dans les Barrem itidae Breskovski, 1977 nom. transi H oe- DEMAEKER, 1995. Dans sa conception phylogénétique, la famille des Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923 est donc constituée des genres Maurelidiscus gen. nov., Pseudometahoplites gen. nov. et Bevia- discus gen. nov., qui sont classés avec les genres Astieridiscus K ilia n , 1910, Holcodiscus U h lig , 1882, Almohadites W ied m an n , 1966, Parasaynoceras Breistroffer, 1947, Metahoplites SPATH, 1924, Avramidiscus VERMEULEN, 1996 et Gymnoplites SPATH, 1933 qui a un statut périphérique. 2.2. Description des nouveaux genres Ordre des AMMOMTIDA ZlTTEL, 1884 Sous-Ordre des A m m o m t in a H y att, 1889 Super-famille des Silesitoidea H y att, 1900 nom. transi. Famille des H olcodiscidae S path , 1923 Genre Maurelidiscus gen. nov. Générotype : Maurelidiscus intermedius (O rb ig n y , 1841) = Ammonites intermedius, d'Or-bigny in d'Orbigny (1841, p. 128, fig. 5, 6). Dénomination : à la mémoire de Louis et Marthe Maurel de Barrême, paléontologues amateurs et passionnés. Diagnose : genre constitué d’espèces de petite taille dont le diamètre des coquilles les plus grandes ne dépasse généralement pas 150mm. L’enroulement est plus ou moins évolute et la section transversale des tours est arrondie à ellipsoïdale. L’ornementation est constituée de côtes, de constrictions et de bourrelets. Les côtes longues, fines à larges, arrondies, de direction proverse, plus ou moins flexueuses, peuvent être simples ou bifurquées. Quelques côtes courtes peuvent s'exprimer ; elles sont similaires, dans les régions où elles s'expriment, aux côtes longues. Toutes ces côtes décrivent généralement un faible sinus 89 Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923 (Ammonilïda, Ammonitina, Silesitoidea) proverse sur la région ventrale. Les constrictions ont une direction plus proverse que les côtes ; elles sont bordées par des côtes qui se renforcent en bourrelets. Vers l'arrière, ces bourrelets naissent progressivement, entre la suture péri-ombilicale et la mi-flanc ; ils s'expriment essentiellement sur la moitié externe des flancs et sur la région ventrale. Vers l'avant, lorsqu'ils sont exprimés, les bourrelets s'étendent de la suture péri-ombilicale jusque vers la mi-flanc. Vers le milieu des flancs, des élévations sub-tuberculiformes des côtes s’expriment chez Maurelidiscus kiliani (P a q u ier , 1900). La ligne de suture a une première selle latérale bifide, dissymétrique et massive, et un lobe latéral large, peu profond, dissymétrique et trifide. Contenu spécifique : dans le genre Maurelidiscus gen. nov. sont classées les espèces Maurelidiscus intermedius (ORBIGNY, 1841), Maurelidiscus kiliani (PAQUIER, 1900), Maureliceras andrussovi (Karakasch, 1890), Maurelidiscus querolensis (BUSNARDO & D a v id , 1957) et Maurelidiscus heeri (OoSTER, 1860). "Spitidiscus" piilvinatus (BUSNARDO & D a v id , 1957), classé antérieurement (Vermeulen & Thieuloy, 1999) dans le genre Avramidiscus VERMEULEN, 1996, doit ôtre classé dans le genre Abrytusites NiküLOV & BRESKOVSKI, 1969 dans l'attente de sa révision paléontologique. Affinités et différences : sur le plan ornemental, les espèces du genre Maurelidiscus gen.
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