Rom. J. Stratigraphy, 77, 4, p. 37-46, Bucure§ti, 1998
THE HAUTERIVIAN-BARREMIAN STAGE BOUNDARY IN SVINITA AREA (BANAT, SW ROMANIA)
Emil AVRAM, Mihaela MELINTE Institutul Geologic al Romaniei, str. Caransebe§, nr. 1, R0-79678 Bucure§ti 32
Key words: Lower Cretaceous. Hauterivian-Barremian boundary. Inte grate paleontology. Ammonites. Dinoflagellatecys ts. N annofossils. Svini1a T region. South Carpathians. Romania. UN��,� Abstract: The genus Pseudothurmannia offers the best marker at the Hauterivian-Barremian stages boundary. Its range interval seems to be hetter defined as index species by Pseudothurmannia picteti than by P.
IGCP-362 angulicostata. The same interval is also characterised by the first record of Tethyan and Boreal Pulchelliids ( Psilotissotia spp.) and is a little preceded by the first Che Cretaceous loniceratinae ( Paraspiticeras) and by a very significantevol utionary step in dinoflagellate assemblages (from the biozone with Oligosphaeridium com plex and Druggidium deflandre.i, to the biozone with Dingodinium albertii and Meiourogoniaulax stoveri, fide Antonescu, Avram, 1980). On the other hand, the firstmarkers of the Lower Barremian asaccepted by Hoedemaeker et al. (1993) pertain to the family Holcodiscidae, a group fully developed in Hauterivian. All these facts lead us to consider the Pseudothurmannia beds ( = P. angulicostata zone in litt.) as the base of the Barremian stage.
3. in the outer structural units of the Car 1. Introduction pathians ( or "the Moldavides", ibidem), in the Audia N appe; The Upper Hauterivian-Lower Barremian 4. in the southernmost foreland unit of the fossiliferous rock-sequences were recognised in Carpathians, i. e. the Moesian Platform (for Romania in several regions, namely: details, see Avram, 1988). 1. in the Central Carpathian structural units ( or "the Median Dacides", sensu But in almost all these regions the ammonite Sandulescu, 1984), in the East Carpathian inventories are relatively poor in fossils or are Haghima§ Mts and the South Carpathian offeredby disparate exposures so that they are Codlea-Bra§OV and Dambovicioara areas; not proper to a detailed biostratigraphic study 2. in the inner structural units of the East at the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary. In Carpathians ( or "the Outer and Marginal fact, only in the Svinita village area (the SW Dacides", sensu Sandulescu, 1984), in the end of the South Carpathians, by the Danube, Baraolt and Ceahlau pappes, and also, in the Fig. 1 A) the conditions of the fossil richness Svinita area, respectively; and stratigraphic continuity necessary to this study are most favourable. 38 E. AVRAM, M. MELINTE
,,.... ---,I I I l ' PH ' \
STUDY AREA
Fig. 1 Location of the studied sections crossing the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary (L, V7-V8, 65, 3+25) in the Svinita area. Inset shows the location of the study area within Romania). PH=pre-Hauterivian sedimentary formations; HPH=Hauterivian + pre-Hauterivian sedimentary formations.
There, the Hauterivian-Barremian bound- posed along the path running from Svinita to ary beds are characterised by a gradual change the mouth of the only tributary on the right in lithologies from the Variable thick/thin.bed- of the Vodeniciki Valley (L, in the Fig. 1), . A 8 UI UI ·.:: ::, .!;! 0 " ::, <>, UI <., C: "' 0 0 -�" .; � "' "' ::, C: 0 0 <., <., <., 0 0 0 C: C: C: C: C: C: 0 0 � :,: :,: .l ..L .l • L29• ue. H115 L27. L 26• 0 .Q L2S•N110 L24"N105 L2J: L22; H100 L 21 • ., H95 ·;; L20: C: 0 L 19 • ' � L 18:. ::, 90 L 17 ! N � L 16: .g ::, LIS: N85 "'" L14. Q. L 1J: L12: Nao L 11 • N75 uo: : N70 L9 L8 N65 L7 • : N60 2 0 L6 • N 55 0 LS l, L4 • N 50 " LJ .. • N 45 L2 • N42 T ] LI Fig. :2 The ammonite and nannofossil Upper Ilauterivia11-lowcrmost. llarremiau assemblages in the Site L, north of Svinita villag<'. E. AVRAM, M. MELINTE 40 A VB/5 j j I I VB/J VB/1 I I "'.. ,Q.. -� C: I .,C: e ..:, � "'0 V1/5 ..,. Q.... V1/4 , ' �t 111 I !_I.I.I I I ]! !"'":>>>> ,.,....,>>>>:""':.,. ,.,-...... - ...... Fig. 3 - The ammonite and dinoflagellate cysts assemblages at the Hauterivian Barremian boundary along the Vodeniciki valley (V7-V8). THE HAUTERIVIAN-BARREMIAN STAGE BOUNDARY IN SVINITA AREA 41 Avram (1983, 1988, 1994) and by Antonescu, alpina D '0RB1GNY (3+25/4, V7/3-VS/1), H. Avram (1980). astieriana o'ORBIGNY (L 31; V7/l-V8/3; 3+25/14), P. jourdani (AsTIER) (VS/1), C. sn. sp. aff. C. loryi (SARKAR) (V7/4), 2. General view on the ammonite, C. basseae (SARKAR) (V7 /4), C. munieri dinoflagellate and nannofossil (SARASIN & SCIIONDELMAYER) (65), Crio� assemblages succession at the ceratites very near (or even typical) C. emerici Hauterivian-Barremian boundary LEVEILLE (L 7, L 19, but also in V6); the in Svinita area last species needs to be underlined by its rising The ammonite, dinoflagellate and nanno much earlier than generally accepted. The top fossil evolution in the Hauterivian-Barremian of the Balearis zone is also marked by the first boundary beds of the three main from the four record of Para�piticeras pachycydum (UHLIG) mentioned sections is shown in the text-figures (V7/3). 2, 3, and 4. All these biostratigraphic data In the upper part of the "Pseudothurman c1.re assembled together in the table on figure nia" zone various species of Anahamulina: 5, where the sections are correlated by com A. cf. hoheneggeri (UHLIG), A. ex gr. parison to the thickness of the beds, taking as subcincta (UHLIG) were recorded (in L 19 datum the top of the Pseudothurmannia in and in L 19 and VS/1 respectively), be terval, and by the main events in nannofossil side Crioceratites thiollierei ASTIER (VS/1; evolution. 3+25/5-8), Acrioceras ex gr. tabarelli It is easily observable that the main am ( ASTIER) (V8 /1), Paraspiticeras guerrini moni te marker at the boundary is the genus anum (o'ORBIGNY) (VS/1) and also, Psilo Pseudothurmannia. As underlined by one of tissotia sp. (L 20; 3+25/3-4) and P. favrei us (E. A.) in 1983, in the Svinita area, the (00STER) (3+25/4). "Pseudothurmannia" zone could be better de The beds next to the Pseudothurmannia fined by P. picteti SARKAR than by P. anguli bearing ones offered also Crioceratites thiol costata (D 'ORBIGNY) due to the presence of lierei (3+25/5; 3+25/8), then the first Lepto the former in almost the whole interval of the ceratoidinae: Eoleptoceras parvulum (UHLIG) genus (L 15; VS/1); on the other hand, the (3+25/9), Leptoceras cf. brunneri (OOSTER) lower part of the genus range-interval is char (still existing in Lower Barremian, here in acterised by Pseudothurmannia pseudomalbosi 3+25/14), beside Psilotissotia Javrei (VS/4, (SARASIN & SCHONDELMAYER) (V7/5) and the layer 65+6 m), P. mazylea (COQUAND) P. belimelense DIMITROVA (V7 /4), while in its (3+2.5/9) and numerous desmoceratidae still upper part P. cf. angulicostata (D 'ORBIGNY), specifically unidentified, except A britusites P. ex gr. mortilleti (PICTET & LORIOL )- cat neumayri (HAUG) (3+25/8); in the same in ulloi (PARONA) and P. biassalense DIMITRO terval, the first representatives of the genus VA are developed (L 19-21; V8/1; 65; 3+25/1- Pseudocrioceratites EGOJAN were .also recog 2; 3+25/4). nised (VS/4). Apart from the phylloceratid (Hypophyllo Spitidiscus oosteri [the thin ribbed variant ceras, Holcophylloceras, Phyllopachyceras)and of the S. hugii (00STER)- S oosteri (SARASIN lytoceratid (Lytoceras s. str., Eulytoceras, & ScHONDELMAYER) group] was identified at Protetragonites) representatives, which are fre several meters above the top of Pseudothur quent but biostratigraphically less important, mannia (3+25/14). in the same interval were recorded species of The dinoflagellate cysts succession in the Hamulina, Paraspinoceras and Crioceratites beds near the Hauterivian-Barremian bound coming from the Balearis zone, such as H. ary (Antonescu, Avram, 1980) displays a very E. A VRAM, M. MELINTE 42 -- A � B I � _____.._ 4 : N 30-4-���...._.i.--4--1--1-----+-.....,_-+--+--+--+--+-+-+--+-+-+-+-I---"� 3. 12 • 11 : N 2 5 10: 9 • • N20 8 : ...... 7 . I • N 15 6. 5 7 VI 2m . Cl/ 4 i N 11 -'' .Q 3 . :f: • N 5 .g 2 . . Cl/ 1 0 : N 1 Q Fig. 4 -The ammonite and nannofossil Uppermost Ilauterivianand Lowermost llarremian assemblages in the site 3+25. important evolutionary step in the inter tisphaeridium sp. B. ex HABIB (1971 ), val V7 /1-V7 /3, just below the first Pseu Meiourogoniaulax stoveri MILLIOUD are spec dothurmannia and in the same layer with tacularly larger developed, some of them Paraspiticeras pachycyclum, where no changes such as Oligosphaeridium complex (WHITE) in lithologies are observed: several species such DAVEY & WILL., become rare, and Cassicu as Spiniferites ramosus (EHRENB.) MAN losphaeridia magna DAVEY, Gonyaulacysta cf. TELL, Dingodinium albertii SARJEANT, Bal- diutina DuxnURY, Muderongia cf. tomaszo- THE HAUTERIVIAN-BARREMIAN STAGE BOUNDARY IN SVINITA AREA 43 J sp.Jq 01uuow,ny�opn.J Sd � !!JfOSSDM snuo.JOUUDN :!! snio6uo1• snuo,ouuDN S_IJO/ft.lJl:J snuO:JOUUON ·;;;0 • n110,1u•po1qa.1•J snv, ,,ou_,:,nlJ 0 ,,.,p C nq snuo,ouuoN C 0 OJ06UO/QO OU!I/JO/Ol/3/0J --· z 1111oq sa1_1p1vdo,yi.17 saUOZO!q aiona6ouou!o - idS!IIJDd wnipwn !JaAOjS puo 111Jaq10 wn!U!P06u10 -ua04dsOX!POJ� I x01no!uo60Jno1a1,,1 I 11•1soo sn:,s!P!l.ldS ,-- ·1•pun eop_1101a,owsaa _11.Jown,u , s1usn1l,qv - - WnllD!U.IJl,,6 sa,,,.,,!dso,od I J�tH ·- um1:,J:,J1pod so,a:,_11,1dso,od I I I ·ds D!IOSSIIO/!Sd I I oa1J1ow 011oss,101rsd II /a.JADJ D!IOSSflOJ!Sd ·ds, SDJl:J/UIISJO)l/i, so.1•.lo1d17 .. 1.1•uun1q ·1:, so,1:,01da7 ! = l I ·d• so,no1d•103 0 0. wn1n,,od so,001d•103 2 .. 11111/0SSO!q D!UUDWJn«11opn1sd .. .. !fJl/fljOl•l/1//1/JOW· p 0/UUOWJl'l'I/OPl'IHJ £ E - 0/0/SU!Jn6uo '/l OIUUOWJn'I/Opn••d ::, .., 0 !IIPtd D!UUOWJftf./lOpnasd 0 .. LJ.. 'O Q. 1soq1owopnasd ·Jl 01u11ow,nv,opn•sd .. asu•J•W!/•q 01uuow1nwopn•sd ..d wnw,u•f./.Jfnd SDJ•�ou1dsOJDd ' � ·--.. !VOPJnol SD J.jOU/dSOJDd I � C 111•,oqo1 ·110 so,aJolJJlf � -� - 0 S!JD11oq ·p sa11,oa1os �A e .,,a,unw Sll!IDJI.JOIJJ 'O"' e ,,,,.w,'J·J6 ·/til·dds ••,,,o,aaouJ I I � Cl .0.. !•,a.1110_1111 sar,,o,,,o_,-'J ' I _1,lou,os s�1,,o.1�3o,,J .<:.. ,::.. •o•ssoq s,,,,0,.,01JJ i � - �0 s•u,o-'•"o"J !UU/OU : ' '; ! ...... ,,,. !.Kjol'J ·11o·ds ·u s•1110,•.Jo1JJ -----1_..:_._ "' ·ds·u sa1110,r1Jo_1J.Jopnr1sd .,C .. dds ou_11nwoyouv X CII u t: :.;:;: Cl opvflqns ·.J6 ·111 ou�1nwoyovt1 Cl: ,,•66•v•yoy ·110 ovnnwoyouv ,::.. DUD!Jrl/lSD ou,,nwoH I DU/d/0 ·p DU!JnWOH - z/,A 0 sn, 0.JJns,,q•,� s•1!uo60,1a10,J C wn�o1so:monb1ou1 SD.Jiuo1,<1n3 :;: · ·;:: wnuozand p SOJOJ01.<7 Cl c. wn10!J'1Wl/'l"S SOJl)OJA1 � E ., � 0 ,"' "' N N t'• } i' .... ii � :f ... • ..::, E :.. � :.. �. �,. � �"' � !'. � ... 0 ... ., C � C ... 0 ·- � 0 -J I C -;r.. ·;;:; en � � � '$. .. > >-· > :;,, s -;;: e ....d ·;: ;t· > > > > SON & EISENACK. Thus, only the base of the 3. The Hauterivian-Barremian former biozone seems to be significant in com boundary parison with the evolution of the ammonite as semblages. The constant development of the Pseu The nannofossil assemblages of the same dothurmannia beds along the Tethyan domain succession are, as shown by the sections L leads us to consider them as a very represen and 3+25, mainly characterised by the ex tative ' undividable marker at the boundary. tinction of Lithraphidites bollii THIERSTEIN As for the appurtenance of these beds to (in sample N 11; between layers 3+:5/3 a;�d the Hauterivian or to the Barremian stage, 3+25/4; and also in sample N 98, 1. e. m two main points of view have been mostly dis layer L 21), and the first occurrence of Nan cussed until now: noconus circularis DERSE & ACHERITEGUY, 1) that considering the boundary at the N. elongatus BRONNIMANN and N. vassal base of Pseudothurmannia beds, indirectly as /ii BRONNIMANN (in sample N 18, immedi serted by Coquand (1862 ) in his original def ately below layer· 3+25/5; in sample N 128, inition on the Barremian stage, much be i. e. in layer L 35); several other nannofos fore the proposition of the Hauterivian stage, sil species were recognised in all the samples by Renevier (1874) (see also Busnardo, 1965 here ( most of them not presented in the text and Lapeyre, Thomel, 1974) and argued figures), all crossing the boundary: Assipetra or only adopted by Haug (1927)1 , Luppov, infracretacea (THIERSTEIN) ROTH, Axopodor Drushtchits (1958), Drushtchits, Kudrjavcew habdus dietzmannii (REINHARDT) WIND & (1960), Breskovski (1973), Avram (1976), Pa WISE, Biscutum constans (GORKA) BLACK, trulius, Avram (1976), Avram (1983), Vasicek in Black & Barnes (1959), Calcicalathina et al. (1983); oblongata Conus (WORSLEY) THIERSTEIN, 2) that considering the boundary above the phaera rothii (THIERSTEIN) JAKUBOWSKI, beds with Pseudothurmannia, �olution intro mexicana mexicana TREJO, Cretarhab C. duced by Kilian (1895) and by Paquier (1895)1 dus angustiforatus (BLACK) BUKRY, Cy 1 and adopted by Lory (1898), Paquier (1900) , clagelosphaera margerelii NOEL, Diazoma Kilian (1907), Debelmas, Thieuloy (1965), tolithus lehmannii NOEL, Grantarhabdus med Busnardo (1965), Mandov (1976), Kakabadze dii BLACH:, Haqius circumradiatus (STOVER) (1983, 1989), etc. and confirmed by Hoede ROTH, Lithraphidites carniolensis DEFLAN maeker et al. (1993). DRE Micrantholithus obtusus STRADNER, ' The above described succession of the am Nannoconus bucheri BRONNIMANN, N. gol- monite assemblages in Svinita region, very bosus BRONN., N. kamptneri BRONN., N. near to that previously presented by A vram minutus BRONN., N. steinmannii steinman (1983) argues for considering the boundary nii KAMPTNER, Perissocyclus plethotretus below the beds with Pseudothurmannia, on (WIND & CEPEK & CRUX, Rucinolithus tere the ground of the presence in, or immedi brodentarius APPLEGATE et al. in Covington ately under these beds of the first Hemihopli & Wise (1987), Vekshinella stradneri ROOD et tidae ( Pseudothurmannia), Cheloniceratina.e al., Watznaueria barnesae (BLACK) PERCH ( Paraspiticeras) and Pulchelliidae ( Psilotisso NIELSEN, W. britannica (STRADNER) REIN tia), all these groups being very important for HARDT. "the Barremian stage biostratigraphy. More over, except the ammonite zonation based on Pulchelliidae (Vermeulen, 1974), the other 1 Took over from Lapeyre, Thomel (1974) THE HAUTERIVIAN-BARREMIAN STAGE BOUNDARY IN SVINITA AREA 45 markers of the whole Lower Barremian be Barremian stage could be a better solution long to the family Holcodiscidae, a taxon than it is now accepted, in accordance with risen in the lowermost Hauterivian (or even the first definition of the Barremian stage ( Co in Valanginian, by Jeanthieuloyites) and with quand, 1861 ), on the ground of the rising in its the typical Barremian representatives (espe interval or immediately below the first Che cially referring to the gener{t Holcodiscus and loniceratinae (Paraspiticeras), the first Hemi Astieridiscus) developed some meters above hoplitidae (Pseudothurmannia) and the first the top of the Pseudothurmannia beds; or, like Pulchelliidae (Psilotissotia), all of these fami in Crioceratites emerici, they rise clearly below lies/subfamilies being well represented in Bar the beds with Pseudothurmannia. remian; on the contrary, the family Holcodis The same conclusion is reached by the study cidae, which offered the first markers of the of the dinoflagellate cysts from the same rock Lower Barremian as accepted by Hoedemaeker sequences, where the step between the biozone et al. (1993) is mainly developed in Hauteriv- with Oligosphaeridium complex and Druggi 1an. dinium deflandrei is replaced by the biozone The appurtenance of the Pseudothurman with Dingodinium albertii and Meiourogoni nia beds to the Barremian is also supported aulax stoveri very near the layer of the first oc by the change in dinoflagellate assemblage, currence of Paraspiticerasand some 4 m lower from the biozone with Oligosphaeridium com than the base of Pseudothurmannia beds (An plex and Druggidinium deflandrei to the bio tonescu, Avram, 1980). On the other hand, zone with Dingodinium albertii and Meiouro while the species Subtilisphaera perlucida ( AL goniaulax stoveri in almost the same layer with BERTI) JAIN & MILLEPIED is in Spain charac the first Paraspiticeras. teristic of the interval between the upper part of the Balearis zone and the top of the Hugii Aknowledgements zone (Hoedemaeker, Leereveld, 1995), in the The authors are grateful to their colleague Svinita region it was recognised only in the Emanoil Antonescu, senior sc. reseacher in the Upper Barremian. Geological Survey of Romania, for his kind as The nannofossil assemblages, which offered sistance in estimation of the main events in a ground to correlate with one another the dinoflagellate evolution as presented in the pa sections here studied by the extinction of per. Lithraphidites bollii and rising-level of Nanno conus circularis, N. elongatus and N. wassallii, References could not offer any relevant•data correlable to Antonescu, E., Avram, E. (1980) Correlation the evolution of the ammonites. des dinoflagellees avec Jes zones d'ammonites et des calpionelles du Cretace inferieur de Svinita Banat. D. S. Inst. Geol. Geofiz., LXVI, p. 4. Conclusions 97-132, Bucure§ti. The Svinita region is the only area in Roma Avram, E. (1976) La succession des depots nia favourable to the study of the Hauterivian tithoniques superieurs et cretaces inferieurs de la Barremian boundary, by its richness in fos region de Svinita (Banat). D.S. Inst. Geol. Geo sils and well exposed rock-sequences at this liz., LXII/4, p. 53-71, Bucure§ti. level. There, the Pseudothurmannia beds are - (1983) Barremian ammonite zonation in the better characterised by P. picteti than by P. Carpathian area. Zitteliana, 10, p. 509-514, Miinchen. angulicostata and, although it could be di vided into two subzones, it is obviously the (1988) Early Cretaceous (Berriasian- Barremian) ammonite assemblages in Romania. best marker (as a body) at the Hauterivian Cephalopods - present and past (Wiedmann J. & Barremian boundary. Its appurtenance to the Kullmann J ., Eds), p. 607-619, Stuttgart. E. A VRAM, M. MELINTE 46 (1994) Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Early - , Vasicek, Z., Gamparikova, V. (1989) Aptian) ammonite succession in the Svinita area Biostratigraficseskoe copostavlenie Goteriva i (SW Rumania). Geologie Alpine, mem. IIS, 20, Barrema Gruzii i zapadnych Karpat. in: Srav p. 113-167, Grenoble. nitelnaja geol. Kavkaza i Zapadnych Karpat, p. 8-23. Geol. ustav D. Stura, Bratislava. Breskovski, S. (1973) Particularites asynchrones clans )'evolution de la faune du Barremien Kilian, W. (1907-1913) Unterkreide im siidostli inferieur en Bulgarie. C. R. Acad. Bulg. 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Geol., 62/4, Hoede1naeker, Ph. J ., Company, M., Aguirre p. 135-160, Bucure§ti. Urreta, M. B., Avram, E., Bogdanova, T. N., Bujtor, L., Bulot, L., Cecca, F., Sandulescu, M. (1984) Geotectonica Romaniei. Delanoy, G., Ettachfini, M., Memmi, L., Ed. Tehnica., 336 p., Bucure§ti. Owen, H. G., Rawson, P. F., Sandoval, J., Vasicek, Z., Michtllik, J., Borza, K. (1983) Tavera, J. M., Thieuloy, J.-P., Tovbina, To the "N eocomian" biostratigraphy in the S. Z., Vasicek, Z. (1993) Ammonite zona Krizna-Nappe of the Strazovske Vrchy Mountains tion for the Lower Cretaceous of the Mediter (Northwestern Central Carpathians). Zitteliana, ranean region; basis for the stratigraphic correla 10, p. 467-483, Munchen. tion within IGCP-Project 262. Rev. Esp. Pale ontologia, 8 (1), p. 117-120. Vermeulen, J. (1974) Sur une biostratigraphie ho mophylletique basee sur la famille des Pulchelli - , Leereveld, H. (1995) Biostratigraphy and idae. C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 278, D, p. 1471- sequence stratigraphy of the Berriasian- Lowest 1473, Paris. Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) of the Rio Argos suc cession, Caravaca, SE Spain. Cretaceous Re search, 16, p. 195-230. Presented at the 2nd Symposium of Cretaceous Kakabadze, M. V. (1983) On the Hauterivian Stage Boundaries, Brussels, 1995 Barremian correlation between the South of the Received: September 1, 1995 USSR and certain Southern and Northern regions Accepted: October 20, 1995 of Europe. Zitteliana, 10, p. 501-508, Miinchen.