September 1984 i : IML - T i Mb c u e - u / r f j 'V

TREASON TRIAL N SOUTH AFFHGA

T i young Catholics - Derek and Trish Hanekom and large South African operation, with base camps in Roiand Hunter - stand trial for high treason in South South Africa supplying groups operai'-ng in the Africa on 3 September. As we go to press, details are neighbouring states. This was entirely unknown to still obscure because the case is still sub judice the South African public, because their government and the defence has not yet been heard, but it is denied any such intervention, claiming that these clear that the case has implications beyond the three were opposition movements thrown up by conditions people directly concerned. inside their countries. The activities of these groups included sabotage and attacks on civilian Catholic influences targets such as buses. The three all come from active Catholic families. Trish Hanekom was herself very active in Catholic Crisis of conscience student organisations, and especially the Young Christian Students (as were Roland's sister and Roland Hunter was faced with a crisis of conscience. Derek's brother). Their actions will certainly have He knew about an operation to undermine the been influenced by that background, as well as by governments of neighbouring states, which the their own experience of the situation of ordinary government was claiming not to be undertaking. He people in southern Africa. had grown up in two of South Africa's neighbouring states. He could have asked for a transfer. He Trish Murray grew up in Zimbabwe, where she went to a could have gone to the press - but South African law Catholic secondary school at Mutare, and was would prevent publication and his access to impressed by the stand of Bishop Lamont on issues of information would immediately end. It seems that he justice during the Smith regime. At the University of decided to pass out the information to the states Cape Town she took a leading role in the Students' concerned, with the result that warnings were Health and Welfare Centres Organisation (SHAWCO), received in time, and lives were saved. In taking assisting community organisations in the black that decision, he must have been fully aware that he townships and squatter camps around Cape Town. After would almost certainly be discovered eventually, and university she set up a community farm project in the be liable to go to prison for 20 years or more. Cape with other Catholics in YCS and YCW, including Trish and Derek are accused of being the channel Derek Hannekom, whom she later married. Derek Hanekom through which the information was passed, allegedly was born in Cape Town to an Afrikaner family. He via the African National Congress (ANC), the outlawed began a law degree at the University of Stellenbosch, South African liberation movement. They too must .l y. laft to spend a year in Europe and the USA. In have known the likelihood of being caught. 1979 Trish and Derek moved to a farm near Magaliesburg, not far from Johannesburg. Wider implications Roland Hunter went to a non-racial boarding school in The three are now charged with high treason. The Swaziland, and grew up in the independent kingdom of state's case is that they passed secret military Lesotho. When the family returned to South Africa, documents to the ANC, and so were attempting to Roland studied development economics at the overthrow the South African government. The state University of the Witwatersrand, and was known for a will almost certainly not reveal the contents of practical (rather than political) interest in those documents - the fact that they related to development. He was hoping to teach development attempts by the South African state to overthrow studies at a university. He was a friend of Trish ‘Neighbouring governments. Such actions by South and Derek Hanekom through their practical attempt at Africa have been repeatedly condemned by the community development on their farm. international community, for example at the 1983 Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting. The wider Covert operations significance of the case is that it illustrates the dilemma increasingly presented to young white South In January 1982, Roland Hunter began his compulsory Africans by their government's military policies, at military service. He was posted to Military home and across its borders. Many Christians are Intelligence as a driver. It seems that, to his coming to see these policies as falling foul of the amazement, he found himself servicing rebel movements tradition Christian teaching on 'just war'. In from neighbouring countries, and especially the acting on their conscience, these three stand in an Mozambique group MNR (or Renamo). It was apparently a honourable tradition. Anti-Apartheid News March 1984 94 YA O TE MEN OM W THE OF YEAR 1984: nie ot Arc. Here, Africa. inside South n e m o W of thetothe beYear 1984 declared and exploited sectionand of the popula­ are oppressed the n most e m o blackw visits or letters many, that spent At of time none Dorothy imprisonment This is as truesex, inclasson colour.tion based theand prisons of South ma n y months in solitary,months y n no and had ma Agricultureand Organisation.Food Africa as outside of them. Central,to passedon not these were the ‘privileges’ any by n o w been had Central, but recently n more e m the o w asthe n apartheid authori­ e m o w the section of political prisoners. y h wie rsnr i Pretoria prisoners in white the Island by and Robben prisoners on by ties have claimed. At one time the time one At claimed.ties have spirittoge­ in 1980. ofdefiance and criminal have prisoners. some and another, one from Pretoriapolitical at all held prisoners were have been separated n e m o w n sfeig se anand her maintained suffering, she and en ed n etos ih the with sections in held been etne i 16 t 1 years’ 15 to 1969 in sentenced For Dorothy, aloftthe mong women. a of of allpolitical symbolic name prisoners, the become so has Mandela errs At thelongestprison - notorious Act the Terrorism under imprisonment held been was toMarch, bereleased due 26 on has E B M 1 Y N Y H T O R O D courageous contribution courageous to the libera­ h ws wre a ea b the by medal a awarded was she tion struggle, insideboth prison and forher Dorothy on conferred been a for n a m o w a on political imposed act. term eta Cmite f h National the of Committee Central 1977 In imprisonment. her before h a wre ea yteUN theU by a 1977 medal awarded shewas March 21 n O Czechoslovakia. rn o te oils Rpbi of Socialist the Republic of Front Dorothy Nyembe.^^4 Dorothy Nyembe.^^4 The African National The has Congress uig h ery er o her of years early the During Even when ‘concessions’ when Even were won Just as the name of Nelson Nelson of name the as Just In spite of the years of deprivation an international tributes have ny Ma s .-« -s — ^ \ ^ contraventions. forscreams long periods at a time’. on the Roll of Honour. But there But Rollthe of areon Honour. in prison at the present appear time behaviour, bad of isolated because said Caesarina that study. Elizabeth dozens more w o m e n whose names do names whose n e m o w more dozens resisting orders other and disciplinary alleged applicantsthat thebeen had suffered and 60 over was e d e m u G she kept was in isolation for 23 hours h fivethe prisoners, thestate counsel ‘she that and hypertension, from visitors, right refusal the of to and bihle, the save matter reading any court the told She and 1981. 1979 April October between day each Gumede. restrictions receipt of on letters and restricted exercise,work, denialof prison the of o discretion f f i c i a the l s ’at . ourselvesto defend and opportunity being offence, our givenwithout any real any regardfor thenature of the ‘isolationthat without is indicted court to have supreme their Act detention Terrorism tWe under offences strike.hunger on all they againstwent them, charges and,followingso the do to ordered contravening with charged was she Nhlapo, Kate Serokolo Elizabeth and Serokolo Kate Nhlapo, Elizabeth Modise, Thandi Makhoere, an applicationbrought in the Pretoria political prisoners for serving terms n e m o w refused toreturn to their regulations. These cells hen w prison for a isduration which indefinite and declaredillegal. Caesarina were They Nhlapo, Elizabeth and Bookaloane Siziwe therwith Sibongile Mthembu, h ae f1 whoare o h w n e m o w 10 of names The h isolation denial of included The Responding to the application by Responding In a sworn Inaffidavit a sworn Caesarina said n e m o w five 1981 October In Thandi Modise, aged 24, sentenced 7 November 1980 to 1980 8 years Modise, aged 24, Thandi 7 sentenced November Johanna Lourens, aged 23, sentenced 24 November 1983 to 1983 4 years Lourens, aged 23, November 24 sentenced Johanna Loate, to 1aged 24, Mary 1982 5 sentenced yearsMasabata 1 March to in sentenced Elizabeth a 51979 years w Ntombi, d o Z M o mak ep hu Jane Ntsatha, hu toaged 26, April22 ep 1983 sentenced 5 years mak o M to 51979 Kate Serokolo, aged years32, June 29 sentenced Elizabeth Gumede, aged 62, sentenced 29 June 1979 to five1979 aged 62, June 29 sentenced Elizabethyears Gumede, Lilian toKeagile, 1983 6 years aged 18 25. March sentenced to 10 1982 years aped 31, October 21Hogan, sentenced Barbara Anne to15 1969 years aged 53,March 26 sentenced Nyembe. Dorothy Women political prisoners in jail now prisonersin jail political Women Roll honour: of , as dependent min^.s and objects and min^.s dependent as , Charter. bring a new South Africa into South bringbeing, anew activities our the solidarity on front willus effortsour redouble to work dmns this potentially mighty demands > wipe out the apartheid monster and and apartheid the monster out wipe to bring the toabout changes needed based on the demands of basedthe on the demands Freedom increasepolitical us prisoners. Let release thefor Atrtean all of South e l ae eso n other 'con­ and pension ageherold lastdied Dora year and imprisoned. serving her five-year sentence. ’s C N anniversary.A 72nd said:He issued Congress,a National African cessions'. this passthough even deprives a her refusing take to of now, wheelchair also were o h w Silinga Annie and diabeticher while condition she was releaseher as resulta died o neglect of six h after of w months Matomela, message on 8 January this January year, 8 on the message is still Annie playingpart,her in a 94 h ero h all , n e m of o of thethe1984, Year W o apa, mng hm Florence them g amon appear, not onr te ’s n e m placeis o w in the country nte.. n u beleaguered our In exploitation or of another... form one of the battlefront of struggle. to treat the worn *n nfourcountn totreat the could worn *n if nfourcountn continue be complete we never emancipation social and struggle ... struggleour and needs e u peg ta i this in that year, pledge us Let hn oefl n or national our and powerful than struggleless be force. could Our of us intogether of theas comrades powerful united and active forceand united powerful the of president Tambo, Oliver a l nmen n aie all alike n e m falls o w and n e m on for revolutionary change. I his task into a to mobilise womenfolk our Itwill be our special task this year should forgetNor we Dora Tamana million. The simplified version is also a very clear summary of the whole apartheid system. The South Solidarity with the African churches are continuing their campaign against forced removals, and called for fasting and special prayer on August 24 and 26. poor-AGM and Cardinal calls for solidarity In his remarks at the AGM Cardinal Hume stressed the members’ meetings importance of listening to the church in South Africa 'because things are not always what they are made out Solidarity with the poor was in various ways the to be'. He referred to the bishops' rejection of the theme of CIIR's Annual General Meeting and regional new constitution, and their opposition to forced meetings this year. The solidarity between the removals. The bishops of England and Wales, he said, church in Britain and the church in the Third World had urged the British government to continue giving was illustrated at the AGM by the presence of asylum to South African conscientious objectors. The Archbishop Rivera y Damas of San Salvador and Fr cardinal urged support for South African Christians: Albert Nolan and Ms Thabi Shjnge from South Africa, 'We need to be ready to support them vigorously when who were welcomed by CIIR's president, Cardinal Hume* their stand against injustice brings them into conflict with the South African state, either as individual Christians or as Christian institutions.' Support for El Salvador Archbishop Rivera y Damas had made time for a brief Fr Mkhatshwa celebrates release visit to London during a stay in Germany. In London he met staff of development agencies working on El One of the happiest occasions in CIIR's recent past Salvador, and talked with Cardinal Hume and Mgr Vin was Fr Smangaliso Mkhatshwa's visit to London in Nichols, general secretary of the Bishops' July. Fr Mkhatshwa, the secretary general of the Conference, about the situation in El Salvador. Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference, had been released in March after five months' imprisonment in the Ciskei. His visit to London was Lessons from South Africa part of a tour to thank all those who had campaigned Fr Albert Nolan, who g?ve the AGM address, reflected for his release. on 'spiritual development in the service of the poor', drawing on his own experience of coming back to South Africa after studying theology in Rome: 'I discovered that I knew nothing. 1 He found that poor, uneducated people were not waiting for him to give Indonesia and them answers, but had a better grasp of the situation than he. Fr Nolan suggested that this was a normal stage in the process of learning to work with the East Timor poor, and he drew a par$11pl with the traditional Christian dfltcription of the stages in the spiritual life. Solidarity for him was the endpoint of a At the end of August, because of the miners' and process which began wltfj compassion, went through dockers' strikes, Mrs Thatcher cancelled a visit she political activism, romanticism and its accompanying was scheduled to mal

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» submitted a progress report to the UN General representation. The group includes members of tte '/rssemb/y (copies available from CIIR) in which he organisations which travelled to London in Hay to describes the talks which have been held, under his lobby the British Parliament. Their statement can be auspices, between Indonesian and Portuguese obtained from CIIR (30p inc. postage). Copies of government representatives. These are continuing, the Green Paper may be obtained from the Hong Kong apparently with the participation of other interested Government Office, 6 Grafton Street, London W1X3LB. countries, including Australia. Agencies working on the issue are concerned because these political discussions have not included representatives of the PHILIPPINES: Karl Gaspar East Timorese people, nor has there been any explicit statement that the population of East Timor will be The case of Karl Gaspar, who has now been detained consulted before any political solution 1s under the notorious Preventive Detention Act by the implemented. Although the secretary general has Philippine authorities for 17 months, finally came to reported to the General Assembly, as he was requested court in August, after an appeal to dismiss the to do in 1982, the issue of East Timor may not be charges against him for lack of evidence was discussed at the UN again this year. dismissed on July 23rd. The trial has now finished, and judgement is expected in the next 2 months. Aid to Indonesia increased Accusations disputed The United Kingdom is a member of the international Karl denies the accusation against him that he worked aid consortium (IGGI) which has pledged US $2.45bn. for the New People's Army. Bishops Escaler and to Indonesia in loans and aid for 1984/85, an Tudtud were among those who testified in his favour. increase of 11%. Indonesia is considered to be of They disputed sworn statements by military witnesses considerable strategic and economic importance by who claimed that Karl was running seminars for the Western governments, which have rarely made precise NPA in provinces of Mindanao at the same time as he or telling criticisms of the Indonesian government in was on a lecture tour in Latin America. spite of the extremely serious abuses of human rights for which, in some areas, it has been responsible. In Under the terms of the Preventive Detention Act, Karl general, the British government has been no exception may be held in prison on the President's orders, even to this rule. if the court should find him innocent of the charges against him. KOHG: proposals for AFRICA APPEAL: flew Overwhelming political reform response While the Chinese and British governments continue to negotiate the future of Hong Kong, with a view to The appeal for money to relieve the effects of famine reaching formal agreement by the end of the year, the in Africa has received a massive response. The Roman Hong Kong Government has published a Green Paper Catholic bishops' 'Crisis in Africa' appeal has which proposes reforms of the territory's political reached over £940,0Q0 since it was launched in May, structures. Between July and September, Hong Kong and money Is still pouring into CAFOD, the official residents #re being encouraged to discuss the Catholic development and relief agency. This is proposals, before the government drafts the more almost twice the original target of £500,000. Money binding White Paper on the basis of which legislation has come from church collections and individual will be prepared. donations, including contributions from gifts from pensioners and from the wives of striking miners. No direct elections The national appeal launched by the Oisaster At present, Hong Kong has no directly elected Emergency Committee has also been overwhelmingly executive or legislative councillors. Power is supported. Since 19 July £ . m has been received, exercised by the Governor, appointed by the Queen 6 8 the largest amount collected in the 20 year history from London, and by the Executive and Legislative of the DEC. CAFOD is also administering this appeal Councils, all the members of which are appointed by on behalf of the DEC. the Governor. The Green Paper does not advocate the introduction of direct elections. It proposes instead that the majority of members should continue to be Relief work under way appointed, at least until 1989, but that up to 49% of The money collected is already being sent to the Legco and Exco members should be indirectly elected affected areas. The most serious problems are in by members of professional groups such as the Bar Ethiopia, Eritrea and Tigre, Mozambique and parts of Association or Chamber of Commerce and by members of the Sahel, but 24 countries in all are suffering. the District Boards and other lower tier councils. The money is being used to buy food, medicine, seeds The latter bodies, which will increasingly be and tools, to operate relief camps and mother and elected, have few or no policy making powers. child centres, and to pay for transport.

Pressure for participation The need continues A group of 43 non-governmental and church agencies CAFOD have said how moved they are by the generous have formed an informal coalition to encourage response. Nevertheless, they say, the need is discussion and political Involvement. The enormous and they can use every penny they receive. organisation* InvfclvW are $jen

CHURCHES (t? neral Ale*ander Haig was recently in South Africa as a guest tte Manpower and Management Foundation and the IsraeU L W M D P/ r f • been brought out (to South Africa) because of his du,’ perience in the mUitary and in business’ - RDM 20.2.84 SWAPC sources informed the Namibia News Briefing that Hais: had in fn-i c° T " cr ^ Angola. Suth m „ t , „ ™ “e Z " , h . UnT.'ed

that Western governments > h 2 h bemf The reP°rt concludes s&z. t %£ implementation o f U N Resolution 435CfoU/ l° Su? p°rt the ur«ent Namibia. - Namibia A Re '™ I gt"U1? e mdePe^ence in March 1984 Mr Trort ^ °U m reglon any time soon-il w il1 b e thanks to Report to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Mr Crocker and company.’ - Economist 3.3 84 REPRESSION H ' H r * ■? zsznrssx it Coum" m W,WH°n 1 ° ' * * Hliofh‘,beas 'orpus was filed at the Supreme Court in Windhoek on 5 March, charging that a t least 100 people

cado hy'the0 SADar CjV'dren, haVe been held ^ g a lly and incommuni- sou^ west of wf'dhnU rh r / C a' Mariental- about 150 S S r a k ^ J y amnaR T Z SA force* in ) b detainees in question were abducted by A n g o u " Mav 197R “j " KaSS'"ga refugee can,P in “ “ 'hern weremassaered ' 6°° men’ Women and th‘*d«n bishoanH ?A ^ g 'be1appl,can,s arc

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KaPU»"?°. • 63-year-old Namibian citizen who lost an arm fter being roasted on a fire by two soldiers of SWATF is suing SA Defence Minister Magnus Malan, and the AG in Windhoek lor R30 000 damages (about £ 17.000) for the resulting 'pain, suffering and d L b S w ??,. B/ ieW The " 1 ^ ” . who also raped Mr Kapitango’s - *•» HEALTH V/GRK The politics of OVERSEAS Peruvian health What has a health project in the Peruvian jungle got to do with politics? The Politics of Health New tape-slide on Yemen Group are giving Or Steve Flew a chance to explain by inviting him to address a POHG meeting health programme on 10 September. CIIR health workers and London staff have been Developing a health service putting together a new tape-slide progranme which tells the story of CIIR's primary health project Steve has been working for the Council of the in Raymah in the mountains of North Yemen. Aguaruna and Huambisa Indians of the northern Peruvian forest for the last two years. He has Wealth without health been helping them to develop a basic health Although the last decade" has brought a sudden service run by local health workers - complete access of wealth for many Yemenis, good health with laboratory facilities, pharmacies and a has not accompanied the new prosperity: in fact, river medical service. many people's standard of living and health has fallen, even though their cash incomes have been Threats to the area boosted by wages from work in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States. The future success of the project and the health of the Aguaruna and Huambisa depend on political Training programmes developments in the Peruvian capital Lima, as CIIR midwives, nurse? and doctors have been much as on the skill of the Indian health working in Raymah for ten years. The new tape workers. They need medical supplies and doctors slide programme explains how they have developed from Peru's Ministry of Health to support their training courses for Yemeni midwives and primary project. But their health depends most of all on health workers - and why CIIR believes the Yemeni their territory, which provides food and sources trainees will do more for people's health in of income, and this is now under pressure from an Raymah than a clinic or hospital run by foreign influx of settlers. health workers. Steve Flew will be explaining the new threats - The tape-slide programme was first shown at CIIR from Lima and beyond ♦ to the Aguaruna and in August, to introduce a seminar led by 4 CIIR Huambisa territory, and the implications for its midwife with the Raymah health project. It will inhabitants' health. shortly be available fQr loan from CIIR. Third World development groups and organisations The POHG meeting, which 1s free, will be held at sending health workers to the Third World are the Black Horse, 6 Rathbone Place, London W1 at welcome to borrow it. 7.30 pm on Tuesday 11th September.

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Church-state tension Church-state relations deteriorated sharply in April NICARAGUA with the publication of a pastoral letter, signed by all the Nicaraguan bishops, asking for a 'national dialogue' which would include the 'contras'. The In this mailing members will receive the revised Jesuits in Nicaragua, using papal texts to support edition of the CIIR Comment on Nicaragua, published their argument, criticized the letter in a public on 3 September, and The Church and the Nicaraguan statement which brought a reprimand from the Jesuit Revolution by Fr Cesar Jerez SJ, originally published general. In July, the Sandinista security services in July. The inclusion of two publications on displayed videotapes of a priest close to Archbishop Nicaragua is part of CIIR's attempt to put events in Obando y Bravo, Father Amado Pena, calling for the Nicaragua in context, and to keep up with the rapidly violent overthrow of the Sandinista government and changing situation. also television film of an entrapment operation in which Father Pena was lured into carrying a suitcase The current situation full of explosives. Father Pena is now under house Interest in Nicaragua is currently focused on the arrest awaiting trial. When the Archbishop organised elections, scheduled for 4 November and the acute a protest march, in spite of stern warnings from the tensions between the Catholic hierarchy and the government, ten foreign priests, known to be Sandinista Front. The 'contra' rebels also fight sympathetic to the Archbishop, had their residence on and are expected to step up their attacks as the permits cancelled and were summarily expelled. Only election campaign progresses. The Reagan four of them had participated in the march. Shortly administration has announced its intention of seeking afterwards Father Fernando Cardenal SJ, who, after approval for further 'covert' aid for the 'contras' heading the Literacy Crusade of 1980, had worked as but at the same time the Sandinistas have declared coordinator of the Sandinista Youth Movement, was that they are pleased with the progress of their appointed Minister of Education. What seemed « talks with Harry Shlaudeman, President Reagan's deliberately provocative appointment to some has been special envoy to Central America. defended by others as a move Intended to protect Extracts from the joint statement of the Mission of the U.N. Council for Namibia and the Australian Government, issued in Canberra, 23 March 1984.

The Mission was led by H.E. Mr Ignac Golob tions of the United Nations on the question of (Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Yugo­ Namibia, in particular, Security Council resolu­ slavia to the United Mations) and included Mr tions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978), in their entirety; 5yed Muazzem Ali (Bangladesh), Hr Godwin M'fula which constitute the only acceptable basis for (Zambia), Mr Leslie Adrian Rowe (Australia) and a peaceful, just and lasting settlement of the Mr H. P. Asheeke of the South West African People's Namibian question. Organisation (SWAPO). Both sides reaffirmed their strong support for the U.N. plan for the independence of Namibia, as contained in these resolutions, and declared their resolve to pursue every effort aimed at its immediate and full implementation without any preconditions. They reiterated that South Africa's continued and repeated attempts to impose an internal settle­ ment in Namibia were outside the framework of Security Council resolution 435 (1978), and declar­ ed all such attempts as illegal, null and void. The Government of Australia and the Mission deplored South Africa's military attacks against its neighbours, and the use of Namibian territory as a springboard for these and other actions aimed at destabilising those countries. Both sides agreed that these acts endangered both regional and inter­ national peace and security. The Mission condemned in the strongest terms, persistent attempts to introduce into the U.N. plans for the independence of Namibia, such irrelevant and extraneous issues as the withdrawal 1 of Cuban forces from Angola. It recalled that both the U.N. General Assembly and the Security Council had rejected any "linkage." The Mission regarded such attempts on the part of South Africa Mr Pius Asheeke of SWAPO as tactics deliberately aimed at perpetuatino Ouring its stay, the Mission was received by its illegal occupation of Namibia, in. defiance the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr Bill Hayden MP of the will of the international community. and had discussions with the Parliamentary Joint The Australian Government expressed its reject­ Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee. ion of any linkage, and reiterated its view that The Government of Australia reaffirmed its the implementation of the U.N. Plan for the inde­ firm support for the Council as the legal Adminis­ pendence of Namibia should be without preconditions. tering Authority for Namibia until independence The Mission declared that Walvis Bay, the Pen­ in accordance with the General Assembly resolution guin and other offshore islands of Namibia were 2248 (S-V. integral parts of Namibian territory and must The two sides reaffirmed the inalienable right form part of an independent Namibia. Both sides of the people of Namibia to self-determination agreed that the territorial integrity and unity and independence in a united Namibia. They condemn­ of Namibia must be preserved. ed the illegal occupation of Namibia by South The Mission reiterated its strong solidarity Africa in defiance of United Nations resolutions with the Namibian people in their struggle by and decisions, and reiterated that Namibia is every available means, including the armed struggle, a direct responsibility of the United Nations for self-determination and independence under until genuine independence is achieved by that the leadership of SWAPO, their sole and authentic territory. representative. The Government of Australia acknow­ The Mission reaffirmed its conviction that ledged SWAPO as one of the major nationalist groups South Africa must comply with the relevant resolu­ in Namibia and one which had an essential role dispose of this issue. The revolution, with its mass organisations and its heavy emphasis on participation, will continue to be the axis around which political life turns in Nicaragua. US strategies to force a democracy on Nicaragua which will somehow lever the Sandinistas out of power, besides being unrealistic, threaten the emergence of a national consensus which might bring peace, development and a measure of pluralism to Nicaragua. GUATEMALA During the second week of October CIIR will be sponsoring a visit to Britain by a delegation from the Guatemala Committee for Justice and Peace. The visit, which will last for about ten days, is part of a European tour to build on the growing interest 1n the situation in Guatemala and to strengthen links between the Justice and Peace Committee and its supporters in Europe.

During their time in Britain the visitors will have meetings and give talks in various parts of England, in Scotland and in Ireland. Further information will be available from CIIR in mid-September.

Aid-but vilmt priorities?

'We believe strongly in encouraging private sector investment wherever it is feasible; but we have to recognise that official development assistance is church schools from a Jiffd-) 1f)G Sand1n1sta minority. also essential, in the poorest countries especially.' Vatican $p0|cf*men have' said that the four priests - So wrote the Minister for Overseas Development, Mr ministers - Ernesto Cardenal (Culture), Miguel Timothy Raison, in the foreword to the second annual O'Escoto (Foreign Affairs), Edgard Parrales review of the British aid programme, British Overseas (Ambassador to the Organisation Of American States) Aid 1983 (HMSO for the Overseas Development and Fernando Cardenal have until the end of August to Administration, £5,95). resign or face the consequences, The priests have declared their intention of remaining In their posts, British aid declining and it 1s reported from Nicaragua that negotiations are continuing between the government and the In 1983 British spending on aid to the Third World Vatican, amounted to £1,080 millions. This was distributed to 126 developing countries with India receiving the 'Realism, detachment and love' largest sum, £128 millions. As a proportion of Gross Fr Jerez's pamphlet is an analysis from a uniquely National Product, however, the British aid budget placed observer. Fr Jerez was provincial of the continues to decline, from 0.43% in 1981, to 0.37% in Jesuits In Central America from 1976 to 1982, and now 1982 and 0.35% last year, when it fell below the worics at the Jesuit university in Managua. He avoids average of 0.36% of GNP spent by the 17 major western commenting on the rights and wrongs of specific aid donors. The UN target for aid of 0.7% of GNP looks incidents but calls for 'realism, some emotional as far off as ever, with many donor countries, like detachment and Christian love' as 1 the necessary Britain, stuck in reverse gear. ingredients to start easing tensions'. The report describes in some detail the wide range of Elections activities and projects financed by the British aid The elections, for a president and a national prograrme. Voluntary agencies like CIIR, CAFOO, Oxfam assembly, have been brought forward from 1985 in and Christian Aid, are warmly conmended for their order to preempt criticism of lack of pluralism. The work overseas and the report pledges increased main right-wing opposition coalition, however, the support from the Government for the Joint Funding CON, refused to register its candidates by the 4 Scheme and the British Volunteer Programme - borne August deadline, because the Sandinistas had rejected out this year with a 25% increase over 1983, bringing the CON's demand that they should open a 'national the total to £9.49 m. dialogue' with the 'contras' before the elections. European and Latin American governments sympathetic Aid for business to the CDN were alarmed by the CDN's decision because it is an invitation to the domestic opposition to On the other hand, the report affirms the rely on the 'contras' and the United States to force Government's commitment to the private sector's further concessions from the Sandinistas. As a contribution to development overseas. One newly result the CDN has dropped its 'national dialogue' introduced chapter on 'cooperation with the business condition and may yet enter the electoral fray. sector' outlines the initiatives being taken to encourage British private companies to take up aid Prospects for the future contracts. The promotion of British commercial Elections, however successfully conducted, will not interests through the aid programme is reflected by N A M IB IA : How Long Still This Injustice ? ^ I^ bia — The Combatant, January 1983 That day Windhoek was in the grip of an icy cold weather. The streets were deserted. All the Teis and Louis Prinsloo (brothers) screamed with joy white families assembled around their fire-places and anger as they assisted in "teaching a lesson and enjoyed with steaming hot coffee the safety to the kaffir-girl". When the victim lost conscious­ against the cold, their luxurious houses offered ness the thugs, roaring with laughter and excitement, them. They were completely oblivious of the cold drove her to the water reservoir (known as the which was seriously threatening the poor and freez­ ice cream cone) on top of the hill near the city. ing to death of the shelterless. Here, after renewed assaults, they left in subzero It was the night of July 21, 1982. Unusually, a temperature, the girl to die. young brown girl of twenty years, Katrina Hansen, In January this year, these criminals appeared was alone in the bright but deadly cold city streets. briefly before the racist "court of justice". She was trying desperately to escape the impeding Christiaan, the son of the well-known racist pol­ death and to find transport which could take her itician Piet Liebenberg, pleaded guilty. "I struck !>■/■» to y t if / 'A v h l atx/jt fijfj kilometres awa/. her with a clenched fist in the face, kicked her Htr< wajkiii'j ijw .c

Catholic institute for International Relations 22 Coleman Fields, London N1 The Nkomati Accord AFRICA NEWS SPECIAL: March 26, 1984/AFRICA NEWS MAPUTO [AN] The big news from this capi­ the Nkomati Accord has received a mixed reac­ tal is the non-aggression pact Mozambique has tion around the African continent and has signed with South Africa. But it is food, rather raised questions about the nation’s long-stand­ than politics, that often seems uppermost in ing role as a key supporter of South Africa’s ■v-wv the concerns of nearly every one. underground African National Congress. In conversations, Mozambicans spoke of In a briefing for journalists, addressing this their hopes for a desperately needed upturn in and other controversial issues, senior FRE- the war-stricken and drought-ridden economy. L IM O officials stressed that Mozambique’s And government officials argued forcefully policy has always been one of "political, diplo­ that, if the accord holds up, Mozambique will matic and moral” support for the ANC and that have accomplished exactly what it has desired this has not changed. every since independence: the ability to oper­ ate in “normal conditions of peaceful state The ANC has never had military bases or relations.” training camps in our territory," said one FRE- 1 he prospect of peace easing the food crisis LIM O Central Committee member. "South was'illustrated graphically in the days before African espionage w6uld have led them to such the signing of the accord, when 30 planeloads ANC facilities if there were any. But they have never attacked a training camp.” of open-pollinated seed com for late planting began arriving from Nairobi, Kenya. The officials also reiterated the view that the Floods earlier this year between Maputo and the S~- Not available on the open market, the hy­ struggle against apartheid must be waged in AIM /Anders Nillson brid seed is a gift from Tiny Rowland, whose South Africa and that the political situation in Lonrho Corporation is heavily invested that country has changed dramatically since headway, but later in tr Mozambique’s independence. throughout southern Africa. The British ty­ interest in negotiations coon, aware that drought, floods and attacks by Aquino de Braganca, a close advisor to Presi­ This change, the M dent Samora Machel, characterized Nkomati partly as a result of V the Mozambique National Resistance (MNR) as a step backward which will permit us to had prevented crops being planted on sched­ jartly because South A! consolidate our power toward the liberation ule, airlifted some 1,000 tons of the seed into fization was not bringing of all of southern Africa in different ways— Maputo at a cost of $-1 to $5 million. southern Africa. through economic and political struggle.” The briefing for journ Lonrho also reportedly sponsored live re­ “The centers of the anti-apartheid move­ what F R E L IM O consi gional television coverage of the signing of the ment have been transferred to inside South several phases in Pretori accord— an event which itself highlighted Africa more than in the previous period when contrasts between the signatories. independent Mozambiq l the struggle had to be from outside,” de Bra­ First came Prime M Traveling by train from Maputo to the sign­ ganca added. “There are mass legal move­ “carrot and stick" stratecj ing ceremonies on the border, journalists and ments, assuming ANC values, that have cre­ cooperation was offered officials of the FREL1M O government were ated a new situation. Mozambique is conform­ noinic sanctions in the greeted by festive, colorfully-dressed crowds ing to this situation.” L IM O away from its siv at every village en route. Cresting the hill Mozambique's conditions for any talks with during this chapter, how leading to the South African border post of South Africa were spelled out by Machel dur­ of military men such as' Ffjniatipoort, the Mozambicans and their ing his visit to Guinea Bissau in 1982: no recog­ P.W. Botha, South > guests found themselves staring at a sea of nition of apartheid, no recognition of the ban- military' intervention in v brown uniforms: Hundreds of South African tustans, and continued support of the ANC. Next, following the f.< troops were on hand to perform a variety of Faced with an escalating military challenge, ernment in a scandal FF jobs including serving beer and a lavish sea­ the f RF LI MO Central Committee in August promoted by food dinner to all. “militarist' adopted a three-fold strategy, which included toria adopted the “tot..! In another instance of the ferment surround­ preparation of the economy for war, concentra­ an increasingly aggressr ing the accord, a delegation of Western finan­ tion of forces against the South African ^backed This approach bee. cial advisors arrived in the capital to hold talks insurgents, and the launching of a diplomatic nouneed after the inai:-, on the government’s request to reschedule its offensive. gan in January 1981. foreign debt, now estimated at $1.2 billion. The diplomatic offensive included a meeting deuce, ’ says Mozamhi Sources close to the negotiations say that the in New' York between Foreign Minister Joa- delegates do not regard Mozambique as "bas­ ter Luis Cabaeo, "th., quim Chissano and Secretary of State George ket case" and will likely offer acceptable terms raid by South African i Shultz. A visit to Maputo by Deputy Secretary suburb of Matola] cam for the rescheduling. One member of the ne­ of State Frank Wisner followed. gotiating team said privately that Mozambique speech which held tl A ministerial meeting with South Africa was could easily qualify for "an additional S200 mil­ traditional ally of the I arranged in December 1982, F R E L IM O offi­ lion a year in World Bank assistance" if it would Elsewhere, Pretori. | cials say, at which Pretoria refused Mozam­ join the bank— a move the Mozambicans have southern Angola, atu bique s offer of a non-aggression pact and de­ not said they are ready to make. Angolan dissident iiu manded expulsion of the ANC from Mozam­ While the mood here is one of hope and eventually mounted c ' bican territory. optimism, Mozambican officials are aware that governments in conn ! In early 1983 a second meeting made little chelles.

Collection Number: AG1977

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