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Ercġyes Ünġversġtesġ Fen Bġlġmlerġ Enstġtüsü Bġtkġ Koruma Anabġlġm Dali

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Ercġyes Ünġversġtesġ Fen Bġlġmlerġ Enstġtüsü Bġtkġ Koruma Anabġlġm Dali 1 T.C. ERCĠYES ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ BĠTKĠ KORUMA ANABĠLĠM DALI KAYSERĠ ĠLĠ MERKEZ ĠLÇELERĠ PARK VE SÜS BĠTKĠLERĠNDE BULUNAN YAPRAKBĠTĠ (HEMĠPTERA: APHĠDĠDAE) TÜRLERĠNĠN SAPTANMASI Hazırlayan Deniz Özkan ÖZTÜRK DanıĢman Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat MUġTU Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ocak 2017 KAYSERĠ 2 T.C. ERCĠYES ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ BĠTKĠ KORUMA ANABĠLĠM DALI KAYSERĠ ĠLĠ MERKEZ ĠLÇELERĠ PARK VE SÜS BĠTKĠLERĠNDE BULUNAN YAPRAKBĠTĠ (HEMĠPTERA: APHĠDĠDAE) TÜRLERĠNĠN SAPTANMASI (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Hazırlayan Deniz Özkan ÖZTÜRK DanıĢman Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat MUġTU Bu çalıĢma Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel AraĢtırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından FYL-2014-5341 kodlu proje ile desteklenmiĢtir. Ocak 2017 KAYSERĠ i BĠLĠMSEL ETĠĞE UYGUNLUK Bu çalıĢmadaki tüm bilgilerin, akademik ve etik kurallara uygun bir Ģekilde elde edildiğini beyan ederim. Aynı zamanda bu kural ve davranıĢların gerektirdiği gibi, bu çalıĢmanın özünde olmayan tüm materyal ve sonuçları tam olarak aktardığımı ve referans gösterdiğimi belirtirim. Deniz Özkan ÖZTÜRK ii YÖNERGEYE UYGUNLUK “Kayseri Ġli Merkez Ġlçeleri Park ve Süs Bitkilerinde Bulunan Yaprakbiti (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Türlerinin Saptanması” adlı Yüksek Lisans tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Tez Önerisi ve Tez Yazma Yönergesi‟ne uygun olarak hazırlanmıĢtır. iii Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat MUġTU danıĢmanlığında Deniz Özkan ÖZTÜRK tarafından hazırlanan “Kayseri Ġli Merkez Ġlçeleri Park ve Süs Bitkilerinde Bulunan Yaprakbiti (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Türlerinin Saptanması” adlı bu çalıĢma, jürimiz tarafından Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalında Yüksek Lisans tezi olarak kabul edilmiĢtir. 12 /01 /2017 iv TEġEKKÜR Bu tez çalıĢmasında danıĢmanım olarak her türlü katkı ve destekte bulunan, yardımlarını esirgemeyen, bilgi ve tecrübeleriyle çalıĢmalarıma ıĢık tutan hocam Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat MUġTU (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Seyrani Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü)‟ya Ģükranlarımı sunarım. Aphidoidea üst familyasına bağlı olan yaprakbiti türlerinin teĢhislerinde yardımcı olan ve buna ek olarak literatürünü benimle paylaĢan Sayın Dr. IĢıl ÖZDEMĠR (Ankara Zirai Mücadele Merkez AraĢtırma Enstitüsü)‟e teĢekkürlerimi sunarım. Coccinellidae familyasına bağlı türlerimin teĢhisini yapan Sayın Prof. Dr. Nedim UYGUN (Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, emekli öğretim görevlisi)‟a, parazitoit türlerimin teĢhisini yapan Sayın Prof. Dr. Zeljko Tomanovic (Belgrad university, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Entomology)‟e ve yaprakbitlerine ait konukçu bitkilerimin teĢhisin yapan Sayın Prof. Dr. Cem VURAL (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Botanik Anabilim Dalı)‟a teĢekkür ederim. Ayrıca çalıĢma gayretimi, söylediği sözlerle canlı tutmaya çalıĢan Prof. Dr. Halit YETĠġĠR (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Seyrani Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü)‟e, bilimsel düĢünce ve bilimsellik konularda bana perspektif kazandıran Prof. Dr. Hilmi Ünlü (ĠTÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Mühendisliği Bölümü)‟ye teĢekkürlerimi belirtmek isterim. Gösterdiği kendine ait bir makale ile bana, bilimsel bir makale metodunun nasıl olması gerektiğini birkaç cümle ile anlatmaya çalıĢan ve her canım sıkıldığında odasına gittiğim ve beni sıcacık gürüĢleri ile karĢılayan Doç. Dr. Muammer KULA (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Matematik Bölümü, Topoloji Anabilim Dalı)‟ya da teĢekkür etmek isterim. Bunun dıĢında bilim anlayıĢı ve bilimselliğin sınırlarını altını çize çize anlatmaya çalıĢan Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Yusra Al-Jumaılı (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Ġbrani Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü)‟ya teĢekkürler etmek isterim. Her zaman yanımda olup, beni destekleyen aileme, tezimin her aĢamasında moral ve bilgi desteği veren, laboratuarda birlikte mesai yaptığımız çalıĢma arkadaĢlarımdan Coccinellidae‟ye ait materyallerin preparasyonunun hazırlanmasında yardımcı olan NeĢet AKSOY (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Seyrani Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, v Yüksek Lisans öğrencisi) ve yine aynı bölümde yüksek lisans yapmakta olan Hanife BULUT‟a teĢekkürlerimi sunarım. Manevi desteklerini, hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen yakın arkadaĢım ve aynı zamanda akrabam Bülent AKSU‟a da teĢekkür ederim. Bu tez çalıĢmasına maddi destek veren Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel AraĢtırma Projeleri Birimi‟ne (Proje No: FYL-2014-5341) teĢekkür ederim. Deniz Özkan ÖZTÜRK Kayseri, Ocak 2017 vi KAYSERĠ ĠLĠ MERKEZ ĠLÇELERĠ PARK VE SÜS BĠTKĠLERĠNDE BULUNAN YAPRAKBĠTĠ (HEMĠPTERA: APHĠDĠDAE) TÜRLERĠNĠN SAPTANMASI Deniz Özkan ÖZTÜRK Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ocak 2017 DanıĢman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat MUġTU ÖZET Bu çalıĢma 2014-2015 yıllarında Kayseri‟nin merkez ilçeleri Melikgazi, Kocasinan, Talas, Hacılar, Ġncesu ilçelerinde yürütülmüĢtür. Yaprakbiti örnekleri ilçelerdeki park, yol kenarı ve peyzaj alanlarında bulunan ağaçlar ve çalı formundaki süs bitkileri üzerinden toplanmıĢtır. ÇalıĢma sonunda, Aphidoideaüst familyasına bağlı Aphidinae, Lachninae, Callaphidinae, Pemphiginae, Pterocommatinae, Anoeciinae ve Eriosomatinae olmak üzere 7 altfamilyaya bağlı 23 cins ve bu cinslere bağlı 30 yaprakbiti türü tespit edilmiĢtir. Bu türler: Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach, 1843), Anoecia corni (Fabricius, 1775), Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854, Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, Aphis pomi de Geer, 1773, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843), Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843), Cavariella egopodii (Scopoli, 1763), Chaetosiphon (Pentatrichopus) tetrarhodum (Walker, 1849), Cinara cedri Mimeur, 1936, Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi (Buckton, 1881), Dysaphys crataegi (Kaltenbach, 1843), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802), Eucalipterus tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758), Eulachnus rileyi (Williams, 1911), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762), Lachnus roboris (Linnaeus, 1758), Liosomaphis berberidis (Kaltenbach, 1843), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker,1849), Mindarus abietinus Koch, 1857, Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach, 1843), Myzocallis coryli (Goeze, 1778), Myzus cerasi (Fabricius, 1775), Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Pterocomma pilosum Buckton, 1879, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1761) ve Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale(Sasaki, 1899)‟dir. Genel olarak süs bitkileri üzerinde en yaygın olarak bulunan yaprakbiti türlerinin Aphis türleri (A. craccivora Koch, A. fabae Scopoli, A. Gossypii Glover ve A. pomi de Geer) olduğu belirlenmiĢtir. Güller üzerinde vii Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) ve Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach)‟un yaygın türler olduğu tespit edilmiĢtir. ÇalıĢmada, yaprakbitlerinin avcıları olarak Coccinellidae familyasından 11 tür tespit edilmiĢtir. Bu türler: Adalia bipunctata (L.), Adalia decempunctata (L.), Adalia fasciatopunctata revelierei (Mulsant), Brumus (Exochomus) quadripustulatus (L.), Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.), Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia (Adonia) variegata (Goeze), Scymnus apetzi Mulsant, Scymus (Pullus) subvillosus (Goeze), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) ve Oenopia (Synharmonia) conglobata(L.)‟dır. Ayrıca, 1 tanesi cins düzeyinde ve 9 tanesi tür düzeyinde olmak üzere toplam 10 adet parazitoit tespit edilmiĢtir. Bu türler: Aphidius hortensis Marshall, Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Aphidius sp., Aphidius urticae Haliday, Aphidius rosae Haliday, Binodoxys angelicae Haliday, Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, Lysiphlebusa testaceipes Cresson, Praon abjectum Haliday ve Praon volucre Halidaydir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğal düĢman, Fauna, sörvey, süs bitkileri, yaprakbiti viii DETERMINATION OF APHID (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) SPECIES ON ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN CENTRAL DISTRICTS OF KAYSERI Deniz Özkan ÖZTÜRK Erciyes University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences M.Sc. Thesis, January 2017 Supervisors: Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat MUġTU ABSTRACT This study was conducted during the years 2014 and 2015 in central districts (Melikgazi, Kocasinan, Talas, Hacılar, Ġncesu) of Kayseri. Aphid specimens were collected on treesandshrubsfrom park, roadplantationandlandscapeareas in thedistricts. At theend of study, 30 aphidspeciesbelongto 23 genusand 7 subfamilies; Aphidinae, Lachninae, Callaphidinae, Pemphiginae, Pterocommatinae, Anoeciinae and Eriosomatinae from Aphidoidea were identified. Theses pesiciesare Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach, 1843), Anoecia corni (Fabricius, 1775), Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854, Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, Aphis pomi de Geer, 1773, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843), Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843), Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763), Chaetosiphon (Pentatrichopus) tetrarhodum (Walker, 1849), Cinara cedri Mimeur, 1936, Cinara (Cupressobium) cupressi (Buckton, 1881), Dysaphis crataegi (Kaltenbach, 1843), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802), Eucalipterus tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758), Eulachnus rileyi (Williams, 1911), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy, 1762), Lachnus roboris (Linnaeus, 1758), Liosomaphis berberidis (Kaltenbach, 1843), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849), Mindarus abietinus Koch, 1857, Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach, 1843), Myzocallis coryli (Goeze, 1778), Myzus cerasi (Fabricius, 1775), Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Pterocomma pilosum Buckton, 1879, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1761) and Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki, 1899). Generally, Aphis spp. (A. craccivora Koch, A. fabae Scopoli, A. gossypii Glover and A. pomi de Geer) are the most wide spread Aphid species on
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    Phytoparasitica https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-019-00781-8 Biodiversity of the natural enemies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Northwest Turkey Şahin Kök & Željko Tomanović & Zorica Nedeljković & Derya Şenal & İsmail Kasap Received: 25 April 2019 /Accepted: 19 December 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020 Abstract In the present study, the natural enemies of (Hymenoptera), as well as eight other generalist natural aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their host plants in- enemies. In these interactions, a total of 37 aphid-natural cluding herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees were enemy associations–including 19 associations of analysed to reveal their biodiversity and disclose Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) with natural enemies, 16 tritrophic associations in different habitats of the South associations of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) with natural Marmara region of northwest Turkey. As a result of field enemies and two associations of Aphis craccivora Koch surveys, 58 natural enemy species associated with 43 with natural enemies–were detected on Medicago sativa aphids on 58 different host plants were identified in the L. during the sampling period. Similarly, 12 associations region between March of 2017 and November of 2018. of Myzus cerasi (Fabricius) with natural enemies were In 173 tritrophic natural enemy-aphid-host plant interac- revealed on Prunus avium (L.), along with five associa- tions including association records new for Europe and tions of Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) with natural Turkey, there were 21 representatives of the family enemies (including mostly parasitoid individuals) on Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), 14 of the family Syrphidae Brassica oleracea L. Also in the study, reduviids of the (Diptera) and 15 of the subfamily Aphidiinae species Zelus renardii (Kolenati) are reported for the first time as new potential aphid biocontrol agents in Turkey.
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