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Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: an Annotated Bibliography by R
Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels in Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography by R. Lee Hadden Topographic Engineering Center November 2005 US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Alexandria, VA 22315-3864 Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats, and Tunnels In Afghanistan Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE 30-11- 2. REPORT TYPE Bibliography 3. DATES COVERED 1830-2005 2005 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER “Adits, Caves, Karizi-Qanats and Tunnels 5b. GRANT NUMBER In Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography” 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER HADDEN, Robert Lee 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT US Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Topographic Alexandria, VA 22315- Engineering Center 3864 9.ATTN SPONSORING CEERD / MONITORINGTO I AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. -
The Other White City
Arch 442 - UG4-Wallenberg Studio/Winter 2009 Studio Mankouche Alfred A. Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning University of Michigan Stanley Kubrick, 2001: A Space Odyssey, 19681 1,200 Feet Below Detroit; the Other White City Salt mining in Detroit began in 1896 with the sinking of a 1,100 foot shaft, but its investors went broke. Although there have been no deaths in the mines since, flooding and natural gas killed six men during the original construction. Today the 1,500 acre mine expels 10 ton loads of salt every few seconds. Salt is an ingredient essential to our survival. Empires have risen and fallen around their access to salt. Salt a critical chemical compound in numerous manufacturing processes was critical to the development of Detroit as a major industrial city. As such the excavation of the underground salt city has a spatial relation with the development of the above ground city. This studio would like to honor the legacy of Raoul Wallenberg, by addressing issues of social justice centered around the theme of two cities, an underground crystallized city of labor and an above ground city of lost and replaced labor. With the increasing sophistication of digital mechanization mining has become an incrementally safer practice. The greater safety and efficiency has the downside of reducing the need for human labor. While we are saving lives paradoxically we are at the same time ruining livelihoods. What will or can become of this underground city? Will it be like Carlsbad, New Mexico a safe place to store refuse? Could it be like the catacombs of Rome, a place to bury the dead? Could it be a fall out shelter a la Doctor Strange Love? A place to archive information such as the Corbis Iron Mountain facility in Pennsylvania? How does any of this relate to what is going on above ground? Tectonically this studio will be concerned entirely with interior space. -
Counterguerrilla Operation
FM 90-8 counterguerrilla operation/ AUGUST 1986 This publication contains technical or operational information that is for official government use only. Distribution is limited to US Government agencies Requests from outside the US Government for release of this publication under the Freedom of Information Act or the Foreign Military Sales Program must be made to: HO TR ADOC, Fort Monroe, VA 23651 ... HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION- Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. FM 90-8 CHAPTER 6. COMBAT SUPPORT Section I. General ............................................ 6-1 II. Reconnaissance and Surveillance Units ............. 6-2 Ill. Fire Support Units ................................. 6-7 CHAPTER 7. COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT Section I. General ............................................ 7-1 II. Bases ............................................. 7-1 Ill. Use of Assets ...................................... 7-3 APPENDIX A. SUBSURFACE OPERATIONS Section I. General ............................................ A-1 II. Tunneling .......................................... A-2 Ill. Destroying Underground Facilities ................. A-12 APPENDIX B. THE URBAN GUERRILLA Section I. General ............................................ B-1 II. Techniques to Counter the Urban Guerrilla .......... B-2 APPENDIX C. AMBUSH PATROLS Section I. General ............................................ C-1 II. Attack Fundamentals .............................. C-2 Ill. Planning .......................................... -
Cappadocia Underground City Underground Cappadocia the Unsolvable Secret of of Secret Unsolvable the Cappadocia Underground Cities
Özkonak Zelve, the Miracle of Underground Nature City Don’t miss Özkonak Underground City Visiting Hours April 1 - October 31 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 Box Office Closing: 18.15 October 31- April 1 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 Box Office Closing: 16.15 TurkishMuseums officialturkishmuseums TurkishMuseums TurkishMuseums TurkishMuseums Address Özkonak Yeraltı Şehri Yolu, 50500 Avanos/NEVŞEHİR | Phone: +90384 218 25 00 Please visit the website for current information. www.muze.gov.tr Cappadocia Underground City Underground Cappadocia The Unsolvable Secret of of Secret Unsolvable The Cappadocia Underground Cities There are about 150-200 of underground settlements of various sizes, which are one of the most interesting cultural riches of the Cappadocia Region. This number may increase even more since there are large and small rock settlements in all the towns and villages in the Cappadocia Region. Most of these rock settlements were built by carving down soft tuff downwards deeply. The reason for the construction of underground cities is for people to secure themselves. Hundreds of rooms in underground cities are connected to each other through long galleries and tunnels like labyrinths. The reason why galleries are low, narrow and long is to limit the movement of the enemy. -
Underground Jerusalem: the Excavation Of
Underground Jerusalem The excavation of tunnels, channels, and underground spaces in the Historic Basin 2015 >> Introduction >> Underground excavation in Jerusalem: From the middle of the 19th century to the Six Day War >> Tunnel excavations following the Six Day War >> Tunnel excavations under archaeological auspices >> Ancient underground complexes >> Underground tunnels >> Tunnel excavations as narrative >> Summary and conclusions >> Maps >> Endnotes Emek Shaveh (cc) | Email: [email protected] | website www.alt-arch.org Emek Shaveh is an organization of archaeologists and heritage professionals focusing on the role of tangible cultural heritage in Israeli society and in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. We view archaeology as a resource for strengthening understanding between different peoples and cultures. September 2015 Introduction Underground excavation in Jerusalem: From the middle of the The majority of the area of the Old City is densely built. As a result, there are very few nineteenth century until the Six Day War open spaces in which archaeological excavations can be undertaken. From a professional The intensive interest in channels, underground passages, and tunnels, ancient and modern, standpoint, this situation obligates the responsible authorities to restrict the number of goes back one 150 years. At that time the first European archaeologists in Jerusalem, aided excavations and to focus their attention on preserving and reinforcing existing structures. by local workers, dug deep into the heart of the Holy City in order to understand its ancient However, the political interests that aspire to establish an Israeli presence throughout the topography and the nature of the structures closest to the Temple Mount. Old City, including underneath the Muslim Quarter and in the nearby Palestinian village The British scholar Charles Warren was the first and most important of those who excavated of Silwan, have fostered the decision that intensive underground excavations must be underground Jerusalem. -
THE UNDERGROUND HIGHWAY Bart Savenije
THE UNDERGROUND HIGHWAY Bart Savenije Book Two of the Lost Books Of Talislanta The Talislanta game and fantasy world are the creations of Stephan Michael Sechi. Talislanta is a trademark of SMS, and is used here with permission. Writing: Bart Savenije. Editing, Layout, & Cartography: Paul Cunningham. First Printing, October 2010. This book may be reprinted for personal use only. For more information about the world of Talislanta, visit talislanta.com. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Travelling Underground _______________________________________ 2-5 Map: Subterranean Talislanta ___________________________________________________ 2-6 HISTORY _______________________________________________________________ 2-8 The Forgotten Age_______________________________________________________________ 2-8 The Archaen Age________________________________________________________________ 2-9 The Great Disaster______________________________________________________________ 2-10 The Phaedran Age ______________________________________________________________ 2-10 TRAVELLING UNDERGROUND____________________________________________ 2-10 The Underground Highway_______________________________________________________ 2-10 Learning the Rocks _____________________________________________________________ 2-11 Chapter 2: Excerpts from the Geological Repository in Durne________________ 2-13 THE GNOMEKIN PROTECTORATE ____________________________________________ 2-14 The Seventh Road ______________________________________________________________ 2-14 Sidebar: Station Seven -
But Why: a Podcast for Curious Kids Are There Underground Cities
But Why: A Podcast for Curious Kids Are There Underground Cities? January 5, 2018 [00:00:20] This is [00:00:21] But Why: A Podcast For Curious Kids from Vermont Public Radio. On this show we take your questions on anything from science to art to history to ethics. And we find interesting people to help answer them. [00:00:37] Sometimes we answer them ourselves and sometimes we get to go on field trips to answer your questions. That's my favorite. I'll tell you how to ask your own question at the end of the episode. I am actually outside right now and I am not going to stay outside for very long. I am in Montreal, in Canada, and it is minus 5 degrees out. That's Fahrenheit. If you live here in Canada you'd say it's minus 20 Celsius. I am freezing. My toes are froze. This is the kind of weather that freezes the little hairs inside your nostrils. So I'm going to go inside but that's perfect because that's where we need to go [00:01:22] to answer today's question. My name is Wyatt and I live Los Angeles. And I am five years old. [00:01:32] I want to know if there is underground cities? Well it just so happens I am standing outside a sign that says "Reseau" which in Montreal represents the underground city. Let's go in. [00:01:49] Okay. I am now inside the McGill metro station. But this is more than a subway or a tube stop. -
URL ] Tends to Match up with the Photographs
archived as http://www.stealthskater.com/Documents/Skeggs_02.doc [pdf] *** last updated 02/13/2005 *** more is at http://www.stealthskater.com/PX.htm#StarChamber From: "Thomas Skeggs" Date: Sun, July 13, 2003 9:47 am To: [email protected] Subject: Philadelphia Photo Hello Mark -- In my old collection of papers, I found a British article called "The Physics of a Flying Saucer" by Ted Roach, an Australian Engineer. (The pictures do not appear in his book). In this article was a brief paragraph on the Philadelphia Experiment. It included 2 photos. The caption reads “The USS Eldridge and the prototype machinery used in the infamous Philadelphia Experiment". There are no credits to these pictures. The article appeared in the now defunct Alien Encounters magazine, September 1997. I don’t know if the pictures are genuine. The description in Chica Bruce’s book [SS: see doc pdf URL ] tends to match up with the photographs. (I attached one photo in JPEG format. I can send the other if you want a copy.) Last week, I ordered some books including The Philadelphia Experiment Murder which you pointed out. Plus I ordered Montauk Revisited and the Pyramids of Montauk. And they arrived today (July 10). I was taken aback by some of the claims made by Preston Nichols. I see what you really mean when he goes off on a tangent. I thought his first book was but too unbelievable. I have only flicked through them. The remote-viewing data points to a scheme where children were being used in the program, and it relates to the strange and disturbing dreams. -
Interactive Qualifying Project the Educational Case for a Simulated Lunar Base
Interactive Qualifying Project The Educational Case for a Simulated Lunar Base By: Justin Linnehan Patrick Nietupski Nicholas Wheeler Advisor: John Wilkes March 11, 2010 1 Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 The New Space Race...................................................................................................................................... 9 The Case for Construction of a Mock Lunar Base in Worcester .................................................................. 29 A Study of the Feasibility of the Proposal: Worcester Science Teacher Reaction ...................................... 43 Educational case .......................................................................................................................................... 51 AIAA Conference ......................................................................................................................................... 55 Doherty High School’s After School Club ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Edward Kiker ................................................................................................................................................ 75 N.E.A.M. Expo and Table Top Model ........................................................................................................... 80 Elm Park School .......................................................................................................................................... -
Paris Catacombs
The Dark Underworld of the Paris Catacombs Underneath the City Hidden beneath the vibrant European city of Paris is an eerie network of old caves and tunnels housing the remains of 6 million people: The Catacombes de Paris. The Paris catacombs date as far back as the 12th century. The tunnels run like arteries, located beneath the city. They stretch as far as 200 miles at a depth of 20 metres (65 feet), equivalent to the size of a five story building. Only a small section of it is open to the public today. The majority of the network has been of-limits since 1955. But even in the area still accessible to tourists there are fascinating remnants of Paris' history. The catacombs have existed since the 12th century, when the mining of limestone quarries to provide bricks for the city's buildings created as a side efect an entire underground city. The tunnels lie mostly under the southern part of the metropolis. It was only during the second half of the 18th century, that the former limestone mines were transformed into burial places. The oldest and most extensive network of tunnels is under the 14th and 15th Arrondissments (districts). After a few buildings collapsed into the forgotten underground cavities in the 18th century, the city began to map The Catacomb Beginnings As Paris grew into its role as a major European hub, it eventually ran into a major problem. By the 17th century, enough people had lived and died in Paris that its cemeteries were overflowing. They were overstufed with graves to the point where corpses, at times, became uncovered. -
The International District of Montreal
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 726 – 729 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development” Over & underground spaces & networks integrations a case study: the international district of Montreal a, Clément Demers * aQuartier international de Montréal,Montreal, Canada Abstract Downtown Montreal underwent a major urban renewal in 2000–2004. The Quartier international de Montréal (QIM) is held by many as one of the finest examples of urban design in Canada. The main purpose of the project was to restore the continuity of Montreal's downtown, broken by the gaping trench of the Ville-Marie Expressway since the 1960s, and thus to bridge the historic Old Montreal district the existing downtown business district centred around Place Ville-Marie. Other goals included the beautification of the built environment, creation of elegant city squares, showcase of Quebec design and public art, and stimulation of world-class real estate development at the heart of Montreal. The two major north-south underground pedestrian pathways were connected by the missing link put in place beneath the CDP Capital Centre and Place Jean-Paul Riopelle. Nearly 1.3 kilometers of underground corridors, animated by public art, were created and tripled access to the subway. The goal of the presentation is to present an approach to developing Air Rights above an underground (trench) expressway in a downtown area in consideration with urban design aspects, building design constraints, technical, legal and economic aspects. This session will examine the results of this significant original project, the ongoing vision for this major part of the city, and what future development activity is likely to take place. -
Premises, Sites Etc Within 30 Miles of Harrington Museum Used for Military Purposes in the 20Th Century
Premises, Sites etc within 30 miles of Harrington Museum used for Military Purposes in the 20th Century The following listing attempts to identify those premises and sites that were used for military purposes during the 20th Century. The listing is very much a works in progress document so if you are aware of any other sites or premises within 30 miles of Harrington, Northamptonshire, then we would very much appreciate receiving details of them. Similarly if you spot any errors, or have further information on those premises/sites that are listed then we would be pleased to hear from you. Please use the reporting sheets at the end of this document and send or email to the Carpetbagger Aviation Museum, Sunnyvale Farm, Harrington, Northampton, NN6 9PF, [email protected] We hope that you find this document of interest. Village/ Town Name of Location / Address Distance to Period used Use Premises Museum Abthorpe SP 646 464 34.8 km World War 2 ANTI AIRCRAFT SEARCHLIGHT BATTERY Northamptonshire The site of a World War II searchlight battery. The site is known to have had a generator and Nissen huts. It was probably constructed between 1939 and 1945 but the site had been destroyed by the time of the Defence of Britain survey. Ailsworth Manor House Cambridgeshire World War 2 HOME GUARD STORE A Company of the 2nd (Peterborough) Battalion Northamptonshire Home Guard used two rooms and a cellar for a company store at the Manor House at Ailsworth Alconbury RAF Alconbury TL 211 767 44.3 km 1938 - 1995 AIRFIELD Huntingdonshire It was previously named 'RAF Abbots Ripton' from 1938 to 9 September 1942 while under RAF Bomber Command control.