A Study of Archibald Campbell (1691-1756)
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Network Map of Knowledge And
Humphry Davy George Grosz Patrick Galvin August Wilhelm von Hofmann Mervyn Gotsman Peter Blake Willa Cather Norman Vincent Peale Hans Holbein the Elder David Bomberg Hans Lewy Mark Ryden Juan Gris Ian Stevenson Charles Coleman (English painter) Mauritz de Haas David Drake Donald E. Westlake John Morton Blum Yehuda Amichai Stephen Smale Bernd and Hilla Becher Vitsentzos Kornaros Maxfield Parrish L. Sprague de Camp Derek Jarman Baron Carl von Rokitansky John LaFarge Richard Francis Burton Jamie Hewlett George Sterling Sergei Winogradsky Federico Halbherr Jean-Léon Gérôme William M. Bass Roy Lichtenstein Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael Tony Cliff Julia Margaret Cameron Arnold Sommerfeld Adrian Willaert Olga Arsenievna Oleinik LeMoine Fitzgerald Christian Krohg Wilfred Thesiger Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant Eva Hesse `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas Him Mark Lai Clark Ashton Smith Clint Eastwood Therkel Mathiassen Bettie Page Frank DuMond Peter Whittle Salvador Espriu Gaetano Fichera William Cubley Jean Tinguely Amado Nervo Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Ferdinand Hodler Françoise Sagan Dave Meltzer Anton Julius Carlson Bela Cikoš Sesija John Cleese Kan Nyunt Charlotte Lamb Benjamin Silliman Howard Hendricks Jim Russell (cartoonist) Kate Chopin Gary Becker Harvey Kurtzman Michel Tapié John C. Maxwell Stan Pitt Henry Lawson Gustave Boulanger Wayne Shorter Irshad Kamil Joseph Greenberg Dungeons & Dragons Serbian epic poetry Adrian Ludwig Richter Eliseu Visconti Albert Maignan Syed Nazeer Husain Hakushu Kitahara Lim Cheng Hoe David Brin Bernard Ogilvie Dodge Star Wars Karel Capek Hudson River School Alfred Hitchcock Vladimir Colin Robert Kroetsch Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Stephen Sondheim Robert Ludlum Frank Frazetta Walter Tevis Sax Rohmer Rafael Sabatini Ralph Nader Manon Gropius Aristide Maillol Ed Roth Jonathan Dordick Abdur Razzaq (Professor) John W. -
'The Supreme Principle of Morality'? in the Preface to His Best
The Supreme Principle of Morality Allen W. Wood 1. What is ‘The Supreme Principle of Morality’? In the Preface to his best known work on moral philosophy, Kant states his purpose very clearly and succinctly: “The present groundwork is, however, nothing more than the search for and establishment of the supreme principle of morality, which already constitutes an enterprise whole in its aim and to be separated from every other moral investigation” (Groundwork 4:392). This paper will deal with the outcome of the first part of this task, namely, Kant’s attempt to formulate the supreme principle of morality, which is the intended outcome of the search. It will consider this formulation in light of Kant’s conception of the historical antecedents of his attempt. Our first task, however, must be to say a little about the meaning of the term ‘supreme principle of morality’. For it is not nearly as evident to many as it was to Kant that there is such a thing at all. And it is extremely common for people, whatever position they may take on this issue, to misunderstand what a ‘supreme principle of morality’ is, what it is for, and what role it is supposed to play in moral theorizing and moral reasoning. Kant never directly presents any argument that there must be such a principle, but he does articulate several considerations that would seem to justify supposing that there is. Kant holds that moral questions are to be decided by reason. Reason, according to Kant, always seeks unity under principles, and ultimately, systematic unity under the fewest possible number of principles (Pure Reason A298-302/B355-359, A645- 650/B673-678). -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details ‘Providence and Political Economy’: Josiah Tucker’s Providential Argument for Free Trade Peter Xavier Price PhD Thesis in Intellectual History University of Sussex April 2016 2 University of Sussex Peter Xavier Price Submitted for the award of a PhD in Intellectual History ‘Providence and Political Economy’: Josiah Tucker’s Providential Argument for Free Trade Thesis Summary Josiah Tucker, who was the Anglican Dean of Gloucester from 1758 until his death in 1799, is best known as a political pamphleteer, controversialist and political economist. Regularly called upon by Britain’s leading statesmen, and most significantly the Younger Pitt, to advise them on the best course of British economic development, in a large variety of writings he speculated on the consequences of North American independence for the global economy and for international relations; upon the complicated relations between small and large states; and on the related issue of whether low wage costs in poor countries might always erode the competitive advantage of richer nations, thereby establishing perpetual cycles of rise and decline. -
An Analysis of Hume's Arguments Concerning the Role of Reason In
This dissertation has been 64—1244 microfilmed exactly as received BROILES, Rowland David, 1938- AN ANALYSIS OF HUME'S ARGUMENTS CONCERN ING THE ROLE OF REASON IN MORAL DECISIONS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1963 P h ilosop h y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan IN ANALYSIS OF HUME'S ARGUMENTS CONCERNING THE ROLE OF REASON IN MORAL DECISIONS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Rowland David Broiles, B.A., M.A The Ohio State University 1963 Approved by ' idvisor Department of Philosophy CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION .................................. I II. HUME'S PREDECESSORS............................ 11 III. REASON AND PASSIONS .......................... ^0 IV.‘ EXCITING AND JUSTIFYING REASONS......... 81 V. HUME'S CRITIQUE OF THE RATIONALISTS............. 1112 VI. THE "IS-OUGHT" PASSAGE........................ 133 BIBLIOGRAPHY............ 1^9 AUTOBIOGRAPHY ......................................... 15^ 11 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In the history of philosophy it has sometimes been the case that a philosopher has been considered to be important primarily because of the relationship he bears to some apparently greater philosopher* It was the plight of David Hume, until only recently, to have been so regarded* For Hume0s importance as a philosopher was considered to lie not so much in his own philosophical doctrines, but in the effect they had on Kant, and by this means on the subsequent character -
University of Pennsylvania Press
University of Pennsylvania Press Newtonian Science, Miracles, and the Laws of Nature Author(s): Peter Harrison Source: Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Oct., 1995), pp. 531-553 Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2709991 Accessed: 30-10-2015 01:34 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of Pennsylvania Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the History of Ideas. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.102.42.98 on Fri, 30 Oct 2015 01:34:15 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions NewtonianScience, Miracles, andthe Laws ofNature PeterHarrison Introduction "Newton,"writes Richard Westfall, "both believed in and did not believe in miracles."It can onlybe concluded,Westfall continues, that the greatscientist, unwilling to relinquishhis beliefin a providentialand inter- posingDeity, "abandoned himself to ambiguitiesand inconsistencies,which gave theappearance of divine participation in nature,but not the substance."' Newton'sapparent ambivalence -
Utilitarianism in the Age of Enlightenment
UTILITARIANISM IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT This is the first book-length study of one of the most influential traditions in eighteenth-century Anglophone moral and political thought, ‘theological utilitarianism’. Niall O’Flaherty charts its devel- opment from its formulation by Anglican disciples of Locke in the 1730s to its culmination in William Paley’s work. Few works of moral and political thought had such a profound impact on political dis- course as Paley’s Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (1785). His arguments were at the forefront of debates about the constitution, the judicial system, slavery and poverty. By placing Paley’s moral thought in the context of theological debate, this book establishes his genuine commitment to a worldly theology and to a programme of human advancement. It thus raises serious doubts about histories which treat the Enlightenment as an entirely secular enterprise, as well as those which see English thought as being markedly out of step with wider European intellectual developments. niall o’flaherty is a Lecturer in the History of European Political Thought at King’s College London. His research focuses on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century moral, political and religious thought in Britain. He has published articles on William Paley and Thomas Robert Malthus, and is currently writing a book entitled Malthus and the Discovery of Poverty. ideas in context Edited by David Armitage, Richard Bourke, Jennifer Pitts and John Robertson The books in this series will discuss the emergence of intellectual traditions and of related new disciplines. The procedures, aims and vocabularies that were generated will be set in the context of the alternatives available within the contemporary frameworks of ideas and institutions. -
Medium-Term Strategic Plan of the Institute of Philosophy (2020–2023) 1A) Analysis of the External Environment the Situation
Medium-term Strategic Plan of the Institute of Philosophy (2020–2023) 1a) Analysis of the external environment The situation of the Institute has been determined by the fundamental science policy reform in the course of which the Research Centre for the Humanities changed its operational form. Instead of being a budgetary entity of the Public Body of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), as of 1 September 2019, it continues to operate as a central budgetary entity directed by the Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELRN). 1b) Review of the internal capacities The previous period (2016–2018) saw the creation of the first excellence research team within the Institute, which has had an important budget from funds, and which has studied the values underlying scientific research. We have published monographs about the philosophy of Kant, Hume, and Saint Augustine of Hippo, about quantum theory, logical empiricism, historical philosophy and other topics. In addition to the publication of Latin- and Hungarian-language sources, the Hungarian Philosophical Archives has also been launched, which contains documents and biographical data. The Institute is a founding member of the Artificial Intelligence Coalition. The Institute has increased its presence in international professional forums, as has been reflected – in addition to our publication activities – by the higher number of international conferences attended and organized in the recent period. In accordance with the broad interpretation of philosophy’s mission of usefulness for the community, the fellows of the Institute have been involved in public life extensively as well as in popular science and interdisciplinary activities, both through their lectures delivered in Hungary and abroad, and their media appearances and writings. -
The Old Princeton Apologetics: Common Sense Or Reformed?
JETS 46/4 (December 2003) 647–72 THE OLD PRINCETON APOLOGETICS: COMMON SENSE OR REFORMED? tim mcconnel* At its founding, Princeton Theological Seminary was given the specific apologetical task of equipping its students to combat the deistic errors of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. This played a significant role in the development of its apologetics, as it tended to take over the argumentation of previous apologists who had attempted the same task, without regard to whether they were Reformed or not. Thus, Bishop Butler’s eighteenth-century work, The Analogy of Religion Natural and Revealed, became a standard ref- erence work for apologetics classes, in spite of the fact that Butler had repu- diated his strict Calvinistic Presbyterian upbringing to embrace a moderate Anglicanism.1 While apologetics was a significant concern, it was certainly not the sole focus of the major Princetonian theologians. Archibald Alexander, the found- ing professor of Princeton, taught both didactic and polemical theology. Charles Hodge began his academic career as an exegete of Scripture, and later moved to systematic theology, for which he is better known.2 His son Archibald Alexander Hodge replaced him in the chair of didactic and polemic theology, and he in turn was replaced by Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield. None of these noted professors served explicitly in the chair of apologetics, which was only created in the later part of the nineteenth century. However, Warfield, a prolific writer, frequently addressed apologetical themes in his writings. A later, lesser known Princetonian, William Brenton Greene, Jr., occupied the Stuart Professorship of Apologetics and Christian Ethics from * Tim McConnel is assistant professor of theology at Dordt College, 498 4th Avenue NE, Sioux Center, IA 51250. -
Camera Obscura Vs
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2006 PREPRINT 307 Erna Fiorentini Camera Obscura vs. Camera Lucida – Distinguishing Early Nineteenth Century Modes of Seeing TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Distinguishing Technologies: a Box and a Prism 5 2. Untangling Stories: an Old and a New Device 6 3. Parting Fortunes: the New Eclipses the Old 10 4. Diverging Necessities: Old and New Demands 12 5. Discerning Visual Modalities: Projective vs. Prismatic Seeing 20 5.1. Accuracy and Perceptual Experience: Criteria in Comparison 21 5.1.1. Degrees of ‘Truth to Nature’ 21 5.1.2. Degrees of Perceptual Experience 27 5.2. Projective vs. Prismatic: Optical Principles in Comparison 29 6. An Epilogue: the ‘Prismatic’ as the Camera-Lucida-Mode of Seeing 37 CAMERA OBSCURA VS. CAMERA LUCIDA 1 DISTINGUISHING EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY MODES OF SEEING Erna Fiorentini If we look at Fig. 1, we see a painter holding an inspired pose while beholding and recording the landscape. Although he appears to beindulging in purely aesthetic rapture, he is equipped with optical drawing devices and with many other instruments for observation, tracing and measuring. A Camera Lucida is arrayed on a tripod on the right, surrounded by a telescope, a setsquare, a ruler, a pair of compasses and other devices, while in the background a tent-type Camera Obscura is in use. This motif belonged to Carl Jacob Lindström’s well-known satiric, illustrated book I Stranieri in Italia, printed and distributed in Naples in 1830.2 Moreover, Lindström produced countless further exemplars of this scene in watercolour, engraving and lithography. -
THE RHETORIC of UNITY in a PLURALISTIC EARLY AMERICA By
THE RHETORIC OF UNITY IN A PLURALISTIC EARLY AMERICA by Joel Wilson A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts & Letters in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida December 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to acknowledge the help provided by his thesis chair, Adam Bradford. Without the hours, the minutes, the seconds he devoted to this manuscript, the author would have been lost in the mire of academic writing. For his munificent help, Professor Bradford, the author is grateful. The author would also like to thank Professors John Golden and Steven Blakemore for their assistance—without them, this project would not only be incomplete but even more error-ridden. The author would like to thank Professors Lisa Swanstrom and John Leeds who, in the seminars they held, directed what came to be this thesis’s three chapters. For their early guidance and first round of editing, the author is truly grateful. Finally, the author would like to thank Professor Thomas Martin who prepared the author for the writing necessary in graduate school. For his generous devotion of time as well as his unreserved dedication to his students, please accept the author’s humble and profound thanks. Again, the author expresses his wholehearted and unconditional appreciation to these dutiful scholars and teachers. These committed scholars have, in the author’s case, proved the truth found in Seneca’s words: Diligentia maximum etiam mediocris ingeni subsidium. iii ABSTRACT Author: Joel Wilson Title: The Rhetoric of Unity in a Pluralistic Early America Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Dr. -
2 Scottish Common Sense Realism
2 Scottish Common Sense Realism The importance of Scottish Common Sense Realism (CSR) in the United States and particularly in the Christian Churches has long been recognized. Mark Noll has referred to the revolutionary period as the ‘triumph of Common Sense in American Intellectual life.’1 E. Brooks Holifield has traced the pervasive influence of Scottish CSR at least as far back as John Witherspoon of Princeton.2 The sheer number of stu- dents influenced by Witherspoon at Princeton virtually guaranteed a sig- nificant influence for quite some time.3 Others who were greatly influenced by CSR include Thomas Jefferson,4 Benjamin Franklin, Ben- jamin Rush and Thomas Paine.5 The importance of Scottish CSR in the American Church was made clear by Sidney Ahlstrom over fifty years ago.6 The influence of this philosophy has been studied in such im- portant movements as Fundamentalism7 and Dispensationalism.8 What has not been recognized is the important role of Scottish CSR exercised in providing the philosophical grounding for the rise and acceptance of the Pentecostal doctrine of speaking in tongues as the initial physical evidence of the Baptism in the Holy Spirit. 1 Mark Noll, ‘Common Sense Traditions and American Evangelical Thought,’ Amer- ican Quarterly 37.2 (1985), p. 218. 2 E. Brooks Holifield, The Gentlemen Theologians: American Theology in Southern Culture 1795-1860 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1978), p. 116. 3 Mark Noll, The Princeton Theology 1812-1921 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1983), p. 19. 4 Dale Tuggy, ‘Reid’s Philosophy of Religion,’ in The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Reid, ed. -
1 Hume's Robust Theory of Practical Reason1 Geoffrey Sayre-Mccord
Hume’s Robust Theory of Practical Reason1 Geoffrey Sayre-McCord University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Introduction Hume never uses the phrase “practical reason.” This is no surprise given his commitment to revealing the unfounded pretensions of those who appealed to “reason” as an all-purpose safe haven for their preferred views of theology, science, or morality. Yet Hume clearly has a great deal to say about practical reason. In light of what he says, Hume is regularly read as either an outright skeptic about practical reason or as an advocate of unadorned instrumentalism. According to the skeptical reading, Hume rejects the idea that reason could be practical at all; according to the instrumental reading, he embraces reason as practical, yet sees its role as being entirely a matter of figuring out efficient ways to satisfy one’s desires or achieve one’s ends.2 The instrumentalist interpretation has become so widespread that instrumentalism is often labelled ‘Humeanism’ (though in a nod to the plausibility of the skeptical reading people will often say that it is unclear whether Hume is a “Humean.”3 Not surprisingly, support for both interpretations is easy to find. So, for instance, when it comes to the case for the skeptical interpretation, people point to Hume’s claim that “…reason is perfectly inert, and can never either prevent or produce any action or affection” (T 3.1.1.8, SBN 457-458), which seems an unambiguous assertion of the skeptical view. Meanwhile, those interpreting Hume as an instrumentalist point to Hume’s assertion that “Where a passion is neither founded on false suppositions, nor chooses means insufficient for the end, the understanding can neither justify nor condemn it” (T 2.3.3.6, SBN 415-6), which seems almost as clearly to highlight explicitly just what an instrumentalist would identify as practical reason’s role – to ensure that our desires are informed and that we choose effective means to their satisfaction.