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Lossless Text Compression Technique Based on Static Dictionary for Unicode Tamil Document

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Lossless Text Compression Technique Based on Static Dictionary for Unicode Tamil Document International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 9 2018, 669-675 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu Lossless Text Compression Technique Based on Static Dictionary for Unicode Tamil Document B.Vijayalakshmi Dr.N.Sasirekha Associate Professor Ph.D. Research Scholar Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Vidyasagar College of Arts and Science Vidyasagar College of Arts and Science Udumalpet, Tamilnadu, India Udumalpet, Tamilnadu, India [email protected] [email protected] There are many compression techniques available, Abstract- Text compression is an effective technique that reduces one of the popular compression technique is dictionary based the data storage and also increases the data transfer rate during compression. The dictionary contains a list of strings of communication. This paper explains a new method of lossless text possible symbols stored in a table like structure. It uses the compression technique for Tamil documents made of Unicode index of entries to represent larger and repeated dictionary Tamil characters. The method of compression and decompression process using static dictionary compression word or character by a smaller one [1]. The dictionary scheme is presented. This compression technique reduces the compression can be a static or dynamic scheme type. In this Tamil document an average of 50% of its storage capacity. The paper, the compression technique is based on a static original document is retained in the decompression process. dictionary which is easy and a permanent one. This static dictionary contains the subset of all the common pattern of Keywords-Text compression, decompression, Unicode and Unicode Tamil characters indexed by ASCII characters. The ASCII. size of Unicode character ranges from 1 byte to 4 bytes depending upon the document storage encoding style. I. INTRODUCTION There is a high need to develop a special compression Data Compression is the process of converting an technique for different world languages and Indian regional input data stream to another data stream that has a smaller languages. Many researches are going on in the development size. Compression is a reduction in the number of bits needed of compression technique for different languages like Chinese, to represent data. Compression data can save storage capacity, Japanese and Arabic etc. In India, Tamil is a popular language increase the speed of transmission and decrease the cost of spoken by the people in the state of Tamilnadu and over 80 storage hardware and network bandwidth [11, 12, 8]. millions of people in India and worldwide. Tamil is one of the Text Compression can be as simple as removing all languages most widely used in the web today. unneeded characters, inserting a single repeated character by a The Tamil language is an abugida language. An string character and substituting a smaller bit string for a abugida is a kind of syllabify in which the vowel is changed frequently occurring bit string. Lossless text compression by modifying the base consonant symbol so that all the forms enables the restoration of a file to its original state without the that represent a given consonant plus each vowel resemble one loss of a single bit of data, when the file is uncompressed [16]. another. Amharic, Hindi and Burmese are also abugida languages. The Tamil script has 12 vowels, 18 consonants and 669 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 1 aytam character (neither vowel nor consonant). Apart from IV. PROPOSED COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE FOR that a set of 216 combining letters formed by adding vowel TAMIL DOCUMENT marker to the consonant. Totally there are 247 characters In computing, a character encoding technique is used available in Basic Tamil script [2]. Some vowels require the to represent a collection of characters used both for basic shape of the consonant to be altered in a way that is transmission and storage in memory. Depending on the specific to that vowel. Others are written by adding vowel abstraction level, context, the corresponding code points and specific suffix to consonant, specific prefix to consonant and the resulting code space may be represented as bit patterns, both suffix & prefix to a consonant. In the current scenario, octets, natural numbers and electrical pulses, etc. A character there is a high demand for an effective compression technique encoding is used in computation, data storage, and for Tamil language documents. This paper fills the gap by transmission of textual data. Many encoding file types like presenting an effective lossless compression technique ANSI, UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-13 etc are available for storage. A. Tamil Documents In Digital Form II. RELATED WORKS Many compression techniques are available for There are over 65 million Tamils in India and 80 English language and European languages. But for Indian million worldwide [3]. Millions of petitions, commercial languages, a special kind of compression technique should be transaction registrations, birth/death records are generated in designed and developed. the Tamil language every year. The Tamilnadu government The author in paper [11], explains the Malayalam text continuously involved in the process of digitizing its billions compression by variable length encoding. The Unicode of records. The government of Tamilnadu issued an order to character is represented by less number of bits. use Unicode as current standard for Tamil encoding [18]. Author Seethalakshmi in paper [13], presented the The encoding techniques available for Tamil importance of Unicode encoding technique which was characters are ISCII (7 bits), TSCII/TAB (7bits), TAM (8 followed by Tamil documents and software. bits), 7 bit – Unicode and Proprietary encodings (7/8 bits) Ševčík Jiří author of paper [14], represents lossless [19]. The limitations in the above encoding techniques are it is data compression for the Czech language. The grammatical insufficient to represent all Tamil characters and it is rule and properties for natural languages are different from inefficient to store, transmit and retrieve the documents. These English language, so compression should be specially problems can be solved by the Unicode Tamil characters set. designed. In paper [15], the author creates a font by mapping B. Unicode Tamil Characters ASCII character with Unicode characters. For Indian languages, the combination of characters can be replaced by The Unicode is the most acceptable industry ASCII characters. standards for storing, transmitting and documentation [2]. It Paper [17], represents the character set of Tamil was developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded language. The Unicode characters are universally accepted Character Set (UCS) standard and published as the Unicode encoding technique for representing text as well as Standard. The latest version of Unicode contains a repertoire transmission. of more than 128,000 characters covering 135 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. III. EXISTING COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES FOR TAMIL DOCUMENT Unicode is designed to represent almost all characters There was no exclusive compression technique for in every language in the world [15]. All the characters of the Tamil language. The existing compression techniques Tamil language are now encoded as per the Universal were mainly dealt with European languages like English, Principle of Unicode. The Tamil characters are range from French and Germany [4]. Many researchers were going on in U+0B80 to U+0BFF in Unicode character set [17]. other languages, such as Japanese and Chinese [7]. A Tamil Unicode characters need 2 bytes whereas an ASCII character It is large enough to encompass all characters that are occupies one byte for a character [15]. The technique can do likely to be used in general text interchange, including those in compression by replacing a single ASCII character in place of major international, national, and industry character sets. Tamil Unicode characters (16 to 32 bits). Unicode occupies more space in memory during storage [15]. The existing lossless compression techniques like Fig 4.1 shows the recent Unicode version for Tamil Unicode WinZip, a popular Windows program that compresses files characters. then it packages them in an archive. Archive file formats that support compression include ZIP and RAR. The bzip2 and gzip formats are widely used for compressing individual files for English documents. But for natural languages like Tamil, a special compression technique should be needed to design. 670 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue C. Architecture of Compression To perform lossless data compression for natural languages, a special techniques is needed to design exclusively for particular language (Tamil) is needed which is different from English or other languages [14]. The proposed substitution method performs lossless text compression for Tamil language documents in an effective way. The lossless text decompression will reconstruct the document which was exactly same in the original document [5]. This method reduces almost 50% of storage space so that it is suitable for transformation and also saves the hard disk memory. Substituting a predefined available content to the natural Fig 4.1: Unicode Version 10.0 for Tamil Characters The proposed system involves substituting an ASCII character in place of a Unicode Tamil character since the size of an ASCII character is one byte (8 bits) whereas a Unicode character size range between 1 byte (8 bits) to 4 bytes (32 bits) Fig 4.2: Lossless Compression Technique depends on the encoding technique. Architecture language is getting an increase due to the usage of internet [6]. Table 4.1 : Encoding techniques and its size available to Figure 4.2 and 4.3 shows lossless technique before and after store in .txt file proposed substitution method. The text file which contains the Tamil documents with any one of the encoding technique like Unicode, Unicode big endian or UTF-8 will be given as Encoding Range of Character Type input to the proposed method.
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