CONTRIBUTIONS IN NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 15 Contributions in New World Archaeology (ISSN 2080-8216) is a semi-annual journal dealing with various aspects of North and South American archaeology, anthropology and ethnohistory. Its main aim is to publish results of archaeological excavations and surveys conducted in various parts of the New World as well as to present papers devoted to the studies of collections of archaeological artefacts discovered in either American continent. Moreover, the journal addresses such subjects as theory, methodology and practice in New World archaeology. www.cnwajournal.org E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL OFFICE: EDITORS: Department of New World Archaeology Janusz Krzysztof Kozłowski Institute of Archaeology Jarosław Źrałka Jagiellonian University Radosław Palonka Golebia 11 Street Michał Wasilewski 31-007 Krakow Poland Telephone: +48 126631595 EDITORIAL BOARD: Robert H. Brunswig Department of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, USA Víctor González Fernandez Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Christophe Helmke Institute of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Michał Kobusiewicz Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Poznań Branch), Poland Krzysztof Makowski Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru Aleksander Posern-Zieliński Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland Mariusz S. Ziółkowski Centre for Precolumbian Studies and Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Poland Publishing House JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY CONTRIBUTIONS IN NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 15 Kraków 2020 Cover image: Architectural masks from Kohunlich. Drawings by Daniel Salazar Lama Linguistic editors: English: Steve Jones (GB), BA in Modern Languages – English, Director of Distinction Language Centre, Gdańsk, Poland Spanish: Ewa Palka (PL), Departamento de Filología Románica – Universidad Jaguelónica, Kraków, Polonia Cover art design Elżbieta Fidler-Źrałka Graphics editing and DTP Profil-Archeo Publishing House and Elżbieta Fidler-Źrałka © Copyright by: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University Kraków 2020 ISSN 2080-8216 DOI: 10.33547/cnwa The print version of Contributions in New World Archaeology is the primary, reference version of this journal Publikacja finansowana przez Uniwersytet Jagielloński Zwiększenie poziomu umiędzynarodowienia oraz poprawa dostępności czasopisma Contribtutions in New World Archeology - zadanie finansowane w ramach umowy nr 678/P-DUN/2019 ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę Indexed on Contents 7 Cultural and environmental change of the Terminal Pleistocene through the Earliest Holocene in the French Pyrénées and America’s Southern Rocky Mountains Robert H. Brunswig 69 Disease and other health conditions among ancient Pueblo communities in the central Mesa Verde region – a review of selected sites Anna Słupianek 91 Seeing underground: the feasibility of archaeological remote sensing in coastal and highland Peru Joel W. Grossman 137 La consagración ritual de la arquitectura Moche: evidencias del norte y del sur Jorge Gamboa 173 La creación de un lugar en el entorno construido de Kohunlich: análisis e interpretación integral del Templo de los Mascarones Daniel Salazar Lama 207 The Mexican mummy and the circus agent: the story of a travelling mummy starting in Cuba Raúl C. Baptista Rosas, Anna-Maria Begerock, Jane Maclaren, Armando Rangel, Mercedes González, and Daniel Möller Contributions in New World Archaeology 15: 7-68 DOI: 10.33547/cnwa.15.01 CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE OF THE TERMINAL PLEISTOCENE THROUGH THE EARLIEST HOLOCENE IN THE FRENCH PYRÉNÉES AND AMERICA’S SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS Robert H. Brunswig Department of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado Greeley, Colorado 80639, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Cultural adaptive strategies in the French Pyrénées and north central Colorado Rocky Mountains in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, although reflecting quite different cultural traditions, had broadly comparable topographies and experienced similar climatic and ecosystem changes in the Late Pleistocene through the Early Holocene. Archaeological and paleoenvironmental data presented in this article describe and compare broadly-based culture-environmental change models associated with the role of natural and human seasonal transhumance patterns of respective Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene landscapes of two widely separated world mountain regions, Europe’s Pyrénées and the North America’s Rocky Mountains. Keywords: Pyrénées, southern Rocky Mountains, Late Pleistocene, Early Holocene, seasonal transhumance, Paleoindian, Magdalenian, Azilian, hunter-gatherers, game drives, parietal art, mobile art Resumen Las estrategias de adaptación cultural de los Pirineos franceses y el centronorte de las Montañas Rocosas america- nas en el Pleistoceno tardío y el Holoceno temprano, aunque reflejan tradiciones culturales bastante diferentes, se basan en topografías ampliamente comparables y cambios del ecosistema ocasionados por el clima que, de hecho, acabaron poniendo fin al mundo de la Edad de Hielo y comenzaron un nuevo mundo, con menos desafíos climáticos para sus habitantes humanos. Los datos arqueológicos y paleoambientales se utilizan en este artículo para describir modelos comparativos del cambio cultural-ambiental de base amplia, así como el papel de la trashumancia estacional natural y humana dentro de los paisajes del Pleistoceno tardío-Holoceno temprano de dos regiones montañosas situadas en los Pirineos de Europa y las Montañas Rocosas de la América del Norte. Palabras clave: Pirineos, Montañas Rocosas, Pleistoceno tardío, Holoceno temprano, trashumancia estacional, Paleoindio, Magdaleniense, Aziliense, cazadores-recolectores, cazar con trampas, arte rupestre, arte móvil 8 Robert H. Brunswig INTRODUCTION Climate and environmental change in the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene presented new challenges and opportunities for hunter-gatherer and proto-agricultural populations throughout our planet. Those opportunities were particularly great in mountain regions where ecologically diverse topographies were vertically distributed within short but often steeply angled travel distances. This article compares cultural and environmental change patterns associated with seasonally transhumant hunting systems in later millennia of the Late Pleistocene and earlier millennia of the Holocene in France’s western Pyrénées mountains and the mountains and interior valleys of north central Colorado’s (USA) southern Rockies. During that time, hunter-gatherers in both regions engaged in efficient, seasonally scheduled migratory subsistence patterns designed to exploit regionally resident and transhumant migrating game species such as reindeer, horses, ibex, and, possibly, red deer in the French Pyrénées while elk, mule deer, bison, and bighorn sheep were hunted in summer mountain landscapes in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Deglaciation and the emergence of warm season ice- and snow- free montane, subalpine, and alpine ecosystems between ca. 16,000 and 14,000 14C cal yr b.p. in both northern (France) and southern (Spain) slopes of the Pyrénées (cf. Delmas 2015; Delmas et al. 2008) and ca. 14,000-11,000 14C cal yr b.p. (Brunswig 2014b, 2015b: 46-49; Brunswig and Doerner 2021) in the Rocky Mountains opened high mountain valleys and subalpine and tundra grasslands to exploitation by seasonally migrating (transhumant) game species and their human hunters. PHYSIOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS OF THE TWO MOUNTAIN REGIONS Southern Europe’s Pyrénées and America’s southern Rocky Mountains sub-divide neigh- boring regions of their respective continental land masses and both were subject to Late Pleis- tocene mountain glaciation (Figure 1). Southwest Europe’s Pyrénées Mountains The Pyrénées are a 425 km-long, southeast-northwest trending mountain chain that sepa- rates southern France from northern Spain (Gibbons and Davies 1990; Jalut et al. 1996; Satter- field et al. 2019) (Figure 2). The western Pyrénées, known as the Pyrénées-Atlantiques, rise from the Atlantic Coast and Bay of Biscay, reaching mountain peak heights of 1700 m a.s.l within 100 km of the coastline. The eastern Pyrénées ascend from the Mediterranean Coast and its local Balearic Sea, reaching heights of 1,700 m a.sl. over a shorter distance of 60 km. Fully land-bound central Pyrenean mountain ranges are resident to the Pyrénées’ highest passes and peaks, ranging between 2700 and 3200 m a.s.l. The Pyrénées are located further north (Latitude 42o 45’ N) than North America’s southern Rocky Mountains (Latitude 40o 30’ N), although they begin their ascent from sea level on the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea coasts, a fac- tor that tempered the severity of Ice Age glacial climate compared to that of the intra-con- tinental Colorado Rocky Mountains which ascend from much higher foothill elevations of ~1750 m a.s.l. Cultural and environmental change of the Terminal Pleistocene through the Earliest Holocene 9 Figure 1. Global map showing relative locations of Europe’s Pyrénées and the North American Southern Rocky Mountains. Figure 2. Physiographic map of the Pyrénées superimposed on a GoogleEarth™ satellite image. 10 Robert H. Brunswig As a comparative baseline, modern Pyrénéan temperatures and precipitation