Sokobanja Sokobanja Je Gradsko Naselje I Banja U Opštini Sokobanja U Zaječarskom Okrugu, Nalazi Se Visini Od Oko 400M Nadmorske Visine

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Sokobanja Sokobanja Je Gradsko Naselje I Banja U Opštini Sokobanja U Zaječarskom Okrugu, Nalazi Se Visini Od Oko 400M Nadmorske Visine Sokobanja Sokobanja je gradsko naselje i banja u opštini Sokobanja u Zaječarskom okrugu, nalazi se visini od oko 400m nadmorske visine. Kroz Sokobanju protiče reka Sokobanjska Moravica i nalazi se na istoku Srbije, desna je pritoka Južne Morave dužine 60,4km, površine sliva 625 km². Izvire u selu Vrelo, i prolazi kroz Sokobanju i Aleksinac. Pritoke sa desne strane su Seselačka, Blendijska i Trgoviška reka, a sa leve reka Gradašnica. Nadomak Sokobanje u Bovanskoj klisuri Moravica puni Bovansko jezero. Reka Moravica kao otoka 12km nizvodno uliva se u Južnu Moravu. Poznata je turistička odrednica za rekreativni, a posebno banjski turizam. Nalazi se između karpatskih i balkanskih planina, Rtnja i Ozrena. Rtanj je planina koja se nalazi u istočnoj Srbiji, oko 200km jugoistočno od Beograda, nadomak Boljevca. Pripada Karpatskim planinama, a najviši vrh Šiljak (1565m) predstavlja prirodni fenomen kraškog reljefa. Specifičan raspored stena kraškog reljefa nije uticao samo na biljni pokrivač, na vode i izvore Rtnja, već i na njegov oblik. Pa ako pogledamo na Rtanj sa severa ili juga, on nam se ukazuje kao dugačak greben u obliku trapeza, dok je dole širok i masivan, gore se sužava u uzani ivičasti zid. Rtanj spada u karpatsko-balkanske planine, naglo se diže iz ravnice i završava skoro pravilnom kupom, pa mnogi veruju da je i Rtanj piramida slična onima u susednoj Bosni. Rtanj je u podnožju uglavnom sastavljen od peščara i stena, a u višim delovima od krečnjaka. Sa južne strane padovi su blagi i prema podnožju se prostire visoravan koja se lagano spušta ka Soko Banji. Na severnoj strani Rtanj je izrazito odsečen sa oštrim grebenom pri vrhu. Na istočnom kraju grebena, uzdiže se glavni vrh Šiljak. Severna strana planine prekrivena je šumama i pašnjacima, obrasla autohtonim biljnim vrstama i obiluje izvorima pitke vode. U ovom delu se nalazi i lovište koje se prostire na 6368ha. Ozren je planina u jugoistočnoj Srbiji, najviši vrh je Leskovik (visine 1.178m). Nalazi se istočno od Aleksinca, a u blizini je Sokobanja i srednjovekovni Soko Grad (banjski). Poznato klimatsko lečilište, bogato ozonom, jedna od najšumovitijih planina u Srbiji. Na ovoj planini se nalaze dve bolnice, za lečenje plućnih i očnih bolesti, kao i vodopad Ripaljka, najviši u Srbiji (visine 11m). Na Ozrenu se nalazi i manastir Jermenčić iz 14. veka. Za Sokobanju su vezani i Lepterija, izletište koje se nalazi uz Sokobanjsku Moravicu, i poznati srednjovekovni grad — Soko Grad (banjski). Soko grad je zaštićeno prirodno područje, smešten je jugozapadno od Sokobanje, u karpatskoj Srbiji. Osnovna karakteristika predela izuzetnih odlika je živopisna klisura Moravice, srednjovekovno utvrđenje u njoj, visok stepen očuvanosti prirode i značajne površine pod šumama u kojima se izdvajaju reliktne polidominantne zajednice. Naziv Lepterija je dobila od grčke reči elefteria ,odnosno, slobodište. Soko Grad je srednjovekovni grad nazvan još i Sokolac, smešten na 2km istočno od Sokobanje. Istraživanja su pokazala da je grad vrlo razuđen i velikih razmera. U dobrom stanju je sačuvana samo prva, ulazna kula u gornjem gradu, a ostalo je, kako kule, tako i zidovi, porušeno. U blizini banje nalazi se vodopad Ripaljka, koji je periodičan i visok je dvadesetak metara. Ripaljka je vodopad na reci i nalazi se na planini Ozren, 5km od Sokobanje. Prvi je spomenik prirode u Jugoslaviji zaštićen zakonom iz 1948. godine. Prema navodima Jovana Cvijića, ovo je bio najviši vodopad Srbije u tadašnje vreme. Ripaljka spada u grupu akumulativnih vodopada. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 420 metara, a on sam visok je 17,5 metara. Tokom leta i jeseni reka Gradašnica presušuje, tako da i vodopad nestaje. Ripaljka je dobila naziv prema reči ripnuti, koja se u ovom delu Srbije koristi za pojam „skočiti”. Vodopad Ripaljka jedan je od najlepših vodopada u Srbiji. Nalazi se na samo par desetina metara ispod samog ulaza u krug Specijalne bolnice na Ozrenu, na 5km od Sokobanje. Nastao je na rečici Gradašnici, koja se ispod Sokobanje uliva u reku Moravicu. Sastoji se iz 11 odseka čija je ukupna visina oko 40 metara, a najveći od njih visok je 11 metara i poznat kao Velika Ripaljka. Ispod njega je jedan manji vodopad visine 5 metara, a ostali su manji, od 0,5 do 2 metra. Oko njih se nalazi bujna vegetacija, pa se gotovo i ne vide. Posetioci koji prvi put dolaze mešaju ga sa manjim slapom koji se nalazi na gornjem kraju jezera-ribnjaka, u krugu bolnice. Ripaljka je jedna od nezaobilaznih atrakcija ovog kraja i među omiljenim kod posetioca Sokobanje. Najbolje je da ga posetite početkom proleća zbog topljenja snega i kiša, velika količina vode koja pada sa visine od 11 metara predstavlja impozantan prizor. Zaštićeno prirodno dobro ugroženo zbog vodosnabdevanja. Iako jedan od najlepših vodopada Srbije, često mu se zbog vodosnabdevanja Sokobanje i Ozrena oduzima biološki minimum, pa se dešava da tokom leta presuši. Ovo je posebno čudno kada se ima u vidu da Ripaljka spada među prva zaštićena prirodna dobra u Srbiji. Prvo područje koje je zaštićeno na teritoriji današnje Srbije bila je Obedska bara, stavljena pod zaštitu još 1874. godine. Prva zaštićena prirodna dobra u Srbiji bili su šumski rezervati Oštrozub, Mustafa i Felješana u okolini Majdanpeka i vodopad „Velika i mala Ripaljka” u okolini Sokobanje, zaštićen 1949. godine. Prema navodima Jovana Cvijića (1865—1927), ovo je bio najviši vodopad Srbije u tadašnje vreme. Interesantno je da je vodopad država uzela pod zaštitu nakon što je Bolnica na Ozrenu izradila elaborat o izgradnji hidrocentrale na ovom mestu. Ova centrala trebalo je da snabdeva strujom sanatorijum i Sokobanju, a izgradnja je počela 1947. godine. Nakon što je 1949. godine počela isporuka struje, Zavod za zaštitu i naučno proučavanje prirodnih retkosti u NR Srbiji doneo je rešenje o zaštiti male i velike Ripaljke. Kako bi se „sačuvala naučna, estetska i prirodna retkost u ovim krajevima” naloženo je i da se do 1. maja 1950. godine hidrocentrala poruši i ukloni. U Sokobanji se nalaze termomineralni izvori Sokobanje i organizovan je banjski turizam početkom 1837. godine, za vreme knjaza Miloša Obrenovića. Još i danas u centru naselja na korzou je Milošev konak. Termomineralni izvori Sokobanje su značajni hidrografski objekti i prirodno dobro od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, pre svega zbog fizičkih i hemijskih odlika voda sa njihovih izvora. Zahvaljujući balneološkoj vrednosti Sokobanje, treće banje po izdašnosti voda u Srbiji, u njoj su se lečili rimski legionari, ratnici Vizantije i srednjovekovne velmože, potom više vekova Osmanlije da bi tek za vreme knjaza Miloša Banja u novoosnovanoj Kneževini Banja doživela procvat. Raznovrsnost hemijskog sastava termomineralnih voda Sokobanje ima veliku medicinsku, balneološku i turističku vrednost pre svega zbog njihove primene u lečenju i rehabilitaciji različitih bolesti, i drugih stanja zdravlja, po čemu su termomineralni izvori ove banje poznati i van granica Srbije. Kao čest gost ove prelepe banje, toplo preporučujem odlazak u ovu oazu mira. Sa svim svojim pratećim sadržajima Sokobanja sa pravom važi za najposećenijim turističkim mestom u Republici Srbiji. Dušan Milatović, učenik trećeg razreda opšteg smera .
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