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Mineralname Chemical formula Melting point Crystal Crystal Class Space Group Unit cell Formula units Frequent crystal Twinning MoHs Hardness Density [g/cm3] Cleavage Fracture / Color Streak Transparency Lustre Optical cHaracter Refractive index Birefringence δ PleocHroism Doping [%] OtHer Piezoelectric crystals [°C] system (Symbol) surfaces Tenacity frequency constants; K (relative L=longitudin elastic electromech. temperature thermal dielectric piezoelectric piezoelectric al mode, compliance Coupling frequency frequency SAW M, degr. termal expansation constant) = charge voltage young's T=thickness [10^(-12) factor (BAW) spacing Δf coefficient velocity V(ef) K^2(emc) a(2) [10^(- T(T0) (Temp. (Power Flow conductivity coefficient Chemischer Name a [Å] b [Å] c [Å] T(rt) [°C] T(c) [°C] K(33) T Loss [%] Ec [kV/cm] d(33) [pm/V] k(33) k(t) N(33) [Hzm] N(t) [Hzm] Q(m) ε(T33)/ε(0) constant constant modulus mode m^2/N] K^2(emc) [%] [%] [*10^(-6) / °C] [m/s] (SAW) [%] 8)/°C ^2] Coeff.) [°C] Angle) [W/m/K] [(10^(-5))/K] pale to bright yellow, hexagonal-dipyramidal {10-10}, {0001}, {10-11}, yellowish transparent to resinous to diamond- nω=2.147; Mimetesite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl hexagonal P 6_3/m 10.211 10.211 7.418 Z=2 rare on {11-22} 3.8 - 4 ~7:2 imperfect on [10-11] conchoidal, brittle white uniaxial (-) 0.019 weak (6/m) {11-21}, {21-31} brown, yellow- translucent like nε=2.128 orange, white, Lead Arseno Chloride colorless nearly opaque, dihexagonal- lamellae flexible, black, lead- Molybdenite MoS2 1750 hexagonal P 6_3/mmc 3.16 3.16 12.32 Z=2 1 - 1.5 4.7 - 4.8 perfect on [0001] bluish gray translucent when metallic very strong dipyramidal (6/mmm) not elastic silvery gray Molybdenium di sulfide in thin flakes orthorhombic- {110}, {120} combinated nα=~1.640; orthorhom good on {001}, clear on brittle to yellow to yellow- transparent to Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 dipyramidal (2/m 2/m P bnm 6.01 4.78 10.30 Z=4 with {021}, {101}, {111} 6.5 - 7 3.2 - 4.5 white vitreous biaxial (+) nβ=~1.660; 0.040 bic {010} conchoidal green translucent 2/m) and {010} nγ=~1.680 Magnesium Iron Silicate brownish red, dark brown, nα=1.530-1.573; tough, flexible thin transparent to pearly, slightly metallic Phlogopite KMg3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 monoclinicmonoclinic-prismatic (2/m) C2/m 3.16 3.16 12.30 Z=2 {001} composition twinning 2 - 2.5 2.75 - 2.97 perfect on (001) (basal) yellowish white biaxial (-) nβ=1.557-1.617; 0.028-0.045 fluorescent laminae translucent on cleavage surfaces brown, green, nγ=1.558-1.618 white dihexagonal- clear on {0001} and {11- yellowish PyrrHotHin FeS - Fe10S11 hexagonal dipyramidal (6/m 2/m P 6_3/mmc 3.44 3.44 5.88 Z=2 3.5 - 4.5 4.6 conchoidal, brittle gray to black opaque metallic 20} brown Iron Sulfide Hexagonal 2/m) pale brass- cubic- brittle, uneven, yellow penetration and greenish- to brownish- Pyrite FeS2 cubic disdodecahedron (2/m P a-3 5.42 5.42 5.42 Z=4 6 - 6.5 4.8 - 5 indistinct on {001} sometimes reflective, opaque metallic paramagnetic contact twinning black -3) conchoidal tarnishes Iron Sulfide Cubic darker dark green to green, yellow, yellow-orange, reddish- hexagonal-dipyramidal {10-10}, {0001}, {10-11}, brittle, uneven to transparent to resinous to nω=2.058; PyromorpHite Pb5(PO4)3Cl hexagonal P 6_3/m 9.97 9.97 7.32 Z=2 rarely on {11-22} 3.5 - 4 6.7 - 7 imperfect on [10-11] orange, yellow- white uniaxial (-) 0.010 weak (6/m) {20-21}, {11-21} conchoidal translucent subadamantine nε=2.048 brown to brown, tan, grayish to Lead Phosphoro Chloride colorless pink to rose- red, cherry-red, ditrigonal- on {01-12} (contact transparent to nω=1.814-1.816; RhodocHrosite Mn(CO3) trigonal R-3c 4.74 4.74 15.51 Z=6 3.5 - 4.5 3.3 - 3.6 perfect on {10-11} conchoidal yellow to white vitreous to pearly uniaxial (-) 0.218 weak scalenohedral (-3 2/m) and lamellar) translucent nε=1.596 yellowish gray, Manganese Carbonite brown on [001] colorless to pseudorhomohedral nα=1.507-1.513; perfect on {110} and {1- white, pink, transparent to vitreous, silky when pyroelectric and Scolecite (CaAl2Si3O10)*3H2O monoclinic monoclinic-domatic (m) Cc 18.51 18.97 6.53 Z=8 {010}, {110}, {111} contact- and 5 - 5.5 ~2.3 uneven, brittle white biaxial (-) nβ=1.516-1.520; 0.010 10} salmon, red or translucent fibrous piezoelectric penetration twinning, nγ=1.517-1.521 Calcium Aluminium Silicate green (Zeolite) on {010} lamellar colorless to nα=1.648-1.661; often monoclinic-prismatic uneven to grayish-white, transparent to vitreous, pearly on Spodumene LiAl(SiO3)2 monoclinic C2/c 9.52 8.32 5.25 Z=4 {100}, {010}, {110} common on {100} 6.5 - 7 3.1 - 3.2 perfect on {110} white biaxial (+) nβ=1.655-1.670; 0.014 - 0.018 strong fluorescent (2/m) conchoidal rose to violett, translucent cleavage surfaces nγ=1.662-1.670 (kunzite) Lithium Aluminium Silicate green colorless nα=1.484-1.500; [Na9-1,Ca0- monoclinic-prismatic common on {001} uneven to transparent to vitreous, pearly on Stilbite monoclinic C2/m 13.63 18.17 11.31 Z=4 3.5 - 4 2.1 - 2.2 perfect on {010} (usually), white, white biaxial (-) nβ=1.492-1.507; Potassium Calcium silicate 4(Si27Al9)O72]*28(H2O) (2/m) (penetration twinning) conchoidal translucent cleavage surfaces Aluminate pink nγ=1.494-1.513 brittle, flexible and monoclinic-prismatic common on {011} elastic in thin steel-gray, iron- opaque, thin Tenorite CuO 1326 monoclinic C2/c 4.67 3.42 5.12 Z=4 3.5 - 4 6 - 6.5 poor to indistinct brownish-black metallic to earthy biaxial (+) distinct (2/m) (lamellar) flakes; uneven to gray, black flakes transparent Copper (II) oxide conchoidal yellowish orthorhombic- brown nα=1.606-1.629; orthorhom uneven to transparent to Topaz Al2[(F,OH)2SiO4] dipyramidal (2/m 2/m P bnm 4.65 8.80 8.40 Z=4 8 3.5 - 3.6 perfect on (001) (common), white vitreous biaxial (+) nβ=1.609-1.631; 0.010 weak bic conchoidal translucent Aluminium Hydroxy Flouro 2/m) blau, violett, nγ=1.616-1.638 Silicate red, colorless black (common), colorless to brown, red, (Ca,K,Na)(Al,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn) orange, yellow, ditrigonal-pyramidal brittle, uneven, translucent to vitreous, sometimes nω=1.635-1.675; Tourmaline 3(Al,Cr,Fe,V)6(BO3)3(Si,Al trigonal R3m 15.84 - 16.03 15.84 - 16.03 7.10 - 7.15 Z=3 7 - 7.5 2.82 - 3.32 indistinct green, blue, white uniaxial (-) 0.018 - 0.040 moderate to strong (3m) small conchoidal opaque resinous nε=1.610-1.650 ,B)6O18(OH,F)4 violet, pink, can be bi- colored or even tri-colored in between red to reddish- Tausonite (Strontium hexoctahedral (4/m -3 translucent to SrTiO3 cubic P m3m 3.9 3.9 3.9 Z=1 6 - 6.5 ~4.8 indistinct brittle, conchoidal brown, orange, adamantine isotropic n=2.4 Titanate) 2/m) opaque dark gray yellow, orange, opaque to hexagonal-dipyramidal {0001}, {10-10}, {10-11}, uneven, white to bright yellowish- nω=2.416; Vanadinite Pb5(VO4)3Cl hexagonal P 6_3/m 10.32 10.32 7.34 Z=2 3 - 4 6.8 - 7.1 none brown, transparent or resinous to adamantine uniaxial (-) 0.066 (6/m) {21-31} conchoidal brown nε=2.350 sometimes red translucent Lead Vanadium Chloride brittle, in thin {10-11}, {10-12}, {0001}, penetration and metallic-gray, ditrigonal- flakes elastic, nω=3.150-3.220; Hematite Fe2O3 1539 - 1569 trigonal R-3c 5.04 5.04 13.77 Z=6 {10-18}, {11-23}, {01-14}, lamellar on {0001}, 5.5 - 6.5 5.2 - 5.3 none dull to bright bright red to dark red opaque metallic to splendent uniaxial (-) 0.280 moderate to strong scalenohedral (-3 2/m) uneven to nε=2.870-2.940 {01-11}, {11-20} {10-12} and {10-12} red Iron (III )Oxide conchoidal on {101}; reddish-brown, ditetragonal- polysynthetic twins on perfect on {110} and conchoidal to yellow, blue, transparent to nω=1.925-1.961; radioactive, Zircon ZrSiO4 2550 tetragonal dipyramidal (4/m 2/m I4_1/amd 6.59 6.59 5.94 Z=4 {100}, {110}, {101} {112} (shocked 7.5 4.67 white vitreous to adamantine uniaxial (+) 0.047 - 0.055 weak {111} uneven green, gray, opaque nε=1.980-2.015 fluorescent 2/m) crystals by meteorite colorless Zirconium Silicate impact) monoclinic-prismatic polysynthetic twins on AcantHite Ag2S 825 monoclinic P 2_1/n 4.23 6.93 7.86 Z=4 2.0 - 2.5 7.3 indistinct uneven iron-black black opaque metallic Silver sulfide monoclinic (2/m) {111} black, reddish ditetragonal- often prismatic with {110} perfect on {001} and brittle to weakly to yellowish transparent to nω=2.561; Anatase TiO2 tetragonal dipyramidal (4/m 2/m I4_1/amd 3.78 3.78 9.51 Z=4 rare on {112} 5.5 - 6 3.9 pale yellowish to white metallic to adamantine uniaxial (-) 0.073 weak and {010} {011} conchoidal brown, dark opaque nε=2.488 2/m) Titanium Oxide Anatase type blue, gray orthorhombic- pink, violet, nα=1.629-1.640; orthorhom brittle to transparent to Andalusite Al2SiO5 dipyramidal (2/m 2/m P nnm 7.78 7.92 5.57 Z=4 {110}, {001} rare on {101} 6.5 - 7.5 3.13 - 3.16 perfect on {110} yellow, green, white vitreous biaxial (-) nβ=1.633-1.644; 0.009 - 0.010 strongly trichroic bic subconchoidal nearly opaque Aluminium Silicate 2/m) white, gray nγ=1.638-1.650 usually green, colorless, hexagonal-dipyramidal brittle to transparent to nω=1.631-1.675; Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) hexagonal P 6_3/m 9.38 9.38 6.86 Z=2 {10-10}, {0001}, {10-11} 5 3.2 indistinct yellow, blue, white vitreous to subresinous uniaxial (-) 0.004 - 0.014 weak to very weak (6/m) conchoidal translucent nε=1.627-1.668 violet, pink, Calcium Phosphate brown white, red, often on {110} orthorhombic- yellow, orange, vitreous, resinous on nα=1.529-1.530; orthorhom cyclically and imperfect on {110} and translucent to Aragonite CaCO3 dipyramidal (2/m 2/m P mcn 4.96 7.97 5.74 Z=4 3.5 - 4 2.94 brittle, conchoidal green, purple, white fracture and cleavage biaxial (-) nβ=1.680-1.682; 0.156 none bic polysynthetic
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  • Mimetite Pb5(Aso4)3Cl C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal

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    Mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 6/m. Crystals are usually prismatic to acicular k [0001], to 12 cm, may be tabular, showing {1010}, {0001}, {1011}, rarely {1121}, {2131}, others; rounded, barrel-shaped, mammillary, stalactitic, granular. Twinning: On {1122}, very rare. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {1011}, interrupted. Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3.5–4 D(meas.) = 7.24 D(calc.) = 7.26 Piezoelectric; may fluoresce reddish yellow under LW or SW UV. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale to bright yellow, yellowish brown, yellow-orange, white, may be colorless; colorless or pale yellow in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Resinous to subadamantine. Optical Class: Uniaxial (–), commonly anomalously biaxial (–), sectored. Pleochroism: Weak. Absorption: O < E. ω = 2.147 = 2.128 Cell Data: Space Group: P 63/m (synthetic). a = 10.250(2) c = 7.454(1) Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 3.06 (100), 3.01 (90), 2.962 (66), 3.36 (38), 2.110 (30), 1.994 (22), 1.905 (20) Chemistry: (1) (2) P2O5 0.14 As2O5 23.17 23.17 PbO 74.58 74.99 Cl 2.39 2.38 −O=Cl2 0.54 0.54 Total 99.74 100.00 (1) Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, USA. (2) Pb5(AsO4)3Cl. Polymorphism & Series: Dimorphous with clinomimetite. Mineral Group: Apatite group. Occurrence: A common secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of arsenic-bearing lead deposits. Association: Cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, willemite, pyromorphite, wulfenite. Distribution: Many localities. A few for well-crystallized material include: Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony, Germany.
  • Minerals Found in Michigan Listed by County

    Minerals Found in Michigan Listed by County

    Michigan Minerals Listed by Mineral Name Based on MI DEQ GSD Bulletin 6 “Mineralogy of Michigan” Actinolite, Dickinson, Gogebic, Gratiot, and Anthonyite, Houghton County Marquette counties Anthophyllite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirinaugite, Marquette County Antigorite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirine, Marquette County Apatite, Baraga, Dickinson, Houghton, Iron, Albite, Dickinson, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Monroe and Marquette counties counties Algodonite, Baraga, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Aphrosiderite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette Ontonagon counties counties Allanite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette counties Apophyllite, Houghton, and Keweenaw counties Almandite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, and Marquette Aragonite, Gogebic, Iron, Jackson, Marquette, and counties Monroe counties Alunite, Iron County Arsenopyrite, Marquette, and Menominee counties Analcite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Atacamite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Anatase, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Augite, Dickinson, Genesee, Gratiot, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Andalusite, Iron, and Marquette counties Awarurite, Marquette County Andesine, Keweenaw County Axinite, Gogebic, and Marquette counties Andradite, Dickinson County Azurite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Anglesite, Marquette County Ontonagon counties Anhydrite, Bay, Berrien, Gratiot, Houghton, Babingtonite, Keweenaw County Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kent, Keweenaw, Macomb, Manistee,
  • Quaternary Celestine and Gypsum Extensional Veins in a Folded Hypersaline Lake Infill: the Qaidam Basin, Wes- Tern China

    Quaternary Celestine and Gypsum Extensional Veins in a Folded Hypersaline Lake Infill: the Qaidam Basin, Wes- Tern China

    © Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft/Austria; download unter www.geol-ges.at/ und www.biologiezentrum.at Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences Volume 103/2 Vienna 2010 Quaternary celestine and gypsum extensional veins in a folded hypersaline lake infill: the Qaidam basin, wes- tern China Franz NEUBAUER1)*), Yongjiang LIU2), Johann GENSER1), Andrea Brigitte RIESER1)3), Gertrude FRIEDL1), Xiaohong GE2) & Martin THÖNI4) 1) Dept. Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; KEYWORDS 2) Faculty of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, China; Sr isotopic stratigraphy 3) present address: Nagra, Hardstrasse 73, 5430 Wettingen, Switzerland; extensional vein 4) Dept. of Lithospheric Research, Vienna University, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Qaidam basin celestine *) Corresponding author, [email protected] brine Abstract The nonmarine, at present hypersaline Qaidam basin of Western China comprises a ca. 8–17 km thick sedimentary fill, which is dominated by Eocene to Recent clastic rocks. These successions were folded due to ongoing India-Eurasia convergence from late Miocene onwards until today. Shortening also resulted in enhanced fluid flow and precipitation of sulphate minerals in subvertical tension gashes, which are mainly filled by celestine and fibrous gypsum. The orientation of subvertical veins is similar over most parts of the western Qaidam basin and indicates NNE-SSW to N-S shortening (present-day coordinates) dissimilar to the NE-motion direction deduced from recent geodetic (GPS) data. In deeper stratigraphic levels of anticlinal cores, tension gashes composed of fibrous gypsum subparallel to bedding demonstrate fluid overpressure during their formation at a shallow structural level, below the conversion temperature of gypsum to anhydrite.
  • A SAMPLER of SELECTED 2018 BMC AUCTION SPECIMENS Auction Date: Saturday, January 20, 2018 Snow Date: June 9, 2018 Volume 004 Bismuth(Bi) Xls

    A SAMPLER of SELECTED 2018 BMC AUCTION SPECIMENS Auction Date: Saturday, January 20, 2018 Snow Date: June 9, 2018 Volume 004 Bismuth(Bi) Xls

    A SAMPLER OF SELECTED 2018 BMC AUCTION SPECIMENS Auction Date: Saturday, January 20, 2018 Snow date: June 9, 2018 Volume 004 Bismuth(Bi) xls. (Lab. Grown) Unusually large size l 9.0 x 8.6 x 8.2 cm l 360 g l Germany l Donated by l Mike Haritos Photograph by Mike Haritos Albite NaAlSi3 O8, Sodium aluminum silicate l 22 x 15.5 x 8.0 cm l 2,243 g l Hohe Tauern, Carinthia, Austria l BMC purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Gypsum var. Selenite CaSO4 · 2H2O Hydrated Calcium Sulfate, Calcite CaCO3, Calcium Carbonate & Quartz SiO2 Silicon dioxide l 19.3 x 16.0 x 11.1 cm l 2,146 g l Cavnic Mine (Kapnikbánya), Cavnic (Kapnic; Kapnik), Maramures Co., Romania. l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Rhodochrosite (slab) MnO3 Manganese Carbonate l 19.0 x 11.1 x.3.0 cm l 1,130 g l Capillitas Mine, Andalgalá Department, Catamarca, Argentina l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Celestine (Celestite) SrSO4, Strontium Sulfate l 12.4 x 10.5 x 6.7 cm l 879 g l Madagascar l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Quartz var. Chalcedony SiO2 Silicon Dioxide l 12.4 x 10.5 x 6.7 cm l 879 g l Idar Oberstein, Hunsrück, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Rhodochrosite MnCO3 Manganese Carbonate with minor Pyrite FeS2 Iron Sulfide l 12.5 x 8.0 x 6.8 cm l 818 g l Huanzala Mine, Huallanca, Huallanca District, Bolognesi Province, Ancash Department, Peru l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Wulfenite PbMoO4, Lead Molybdate l 8.0 x 6.0 x 3.5 cm l 177 g l Bleiberg District, Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen, Carinthia, Austria (Type Locality) l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Uvarovite Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3, Calcium Chromium Silicate l 10.0 x 8.5 x 5.4 cm l 809 g l Outokumpu Cu-Co- Zn-Ni-Ag-Au ore field, Eastern Finland Region, Finland l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Copper Cu, Elemental Copper & CaCO3, Calcium Carbonate l 7.1 x 5.0 x 2.5 cm l 106 g l Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Otjikoto Region (Oshikoto), Namibia l BMC Purchase Photograph by Mike Haritos Quartz var.