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Righteous Jehu and His Evil Heirs the Deuteronomist’S Negative Perspective on Dynastic Succession

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Righteous Jehu and His Evil Heirs the Deuteronomist’S Negative Perspective on Dynastic Succession OXFORD THEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Editorial Committee M. McC. ADAMS M. J. EDWARDS P.M.JOYCE D.N.J.MACCULLOCH O.M.T.O’DONOVAN C.C.ROWLAND OXFORD THEOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS RICHARD HOOKER AND REFORMED THEOLOGY A Study of Reason, Will, and Grace Nigel Voak (2003) THE COUNTESS OF HUNTINGDON’S CONNEXION Alan Harding (2003) THE APPROPRIATION OF DIVINE LIFE IN CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA Daniel A. Keating (2004) THE MACARIAN LEGACY The Place of Macarius-Symeon in the Eastern Christian Tradition Marcus Plested (2004) PSALMODY AND PRAYER IN THE WRITINGS OF EVAGRIUS PONTICUS Luke Dysinger, OSB (2004) ORIGEN ON THE SONG OF SONGS AS THE SPIRIT OF SCRIPTURE The Bridegroom’s Perfect Marriage-Song J. Christopher King (2004) AN INTERPRETATION OF HANS URS VON BALTHASAR Eschatology as Communion Nicholas J. Healy (2005) DURANDUS OF ST POURC¸ AIN A Dominican Theologian in the Shadow of Aquinas Isabel Iribarren (2005) THE TROUBLES OF TEMPLELESS JUDAH Jill Middlemas (2005) TIME AND ETERNITY IN MID-THIRTEENTH-CENTURY THOUGHT Rory Fox (2006) THE SPECIFICATION OF HUMAN ACTIONS IN ST THOMAS AQUINAS Joseph Pilsner (2006) THE WORLDVIEW OF PERSONALISM Origins and Early Development Jan Olof Bengtsson (2006) THE EUSEBIANS The Polemic of Athanasius of Alexandria and the Construction of the ‘Arian Controversy’ David M. Gwynn (2006) Righteous Jehu and his Evil Heirs The Deuteronomist’s Negative Perspective on Dynastic Succession DAVID T. LAMB 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox26dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß David T. Lamb 2007 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd., King’s Lynn, Norfolk ISBN 978-0-19-923147-8 13579108642 Dedicated to my parents, Richard and Jane Lamb This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to the many people who have contributed to the completion of this work, Wrst as a doctoral thesis and now as a monograph. My supervisor, Sue Gillingham, is a gifted teacher and it has been a privilege to be her student. Her insightful analysis and probing questions gradually raised the standard of my writing and her encouragement enabled me to persist until the end. Hugh Williamson graciously agreed to supervise me during Sue’s sabbaticals. My re- search beneWted signiWcantly from his impressive command of not only the Hebrew language, but also the relevant secondary literature. Paul Joyce, my college advisor, sponsor, and friend, frequently oVered wise counsel. From John Barton, John Day, and Jill Middlemas, I learned about both the Old Testament and the world of biblical studies. I have also appreciated the expertise of Stephanie Dalley and Lawson Younger, who were willing to examine aspects of my research on Assyrian inscriptions. My fellow students at Oxford (Peter Balaam, Hywel CliVord, Madhavi Nevader, Stephen Russell, Francesca Stavra- kopoulou, and Lena Tiemeyer) read over sections of my work and gave me invaluable feedback. In the transition from thesis to mono- graph, Robert Gordon, John Jarick, and Robert Wilson uncovered numerous Xaws and oVered helpful suggestions. James Butler, Bobby Clinton, and John Goldingay (professors from Fuller Seminary) pro- vided the initial inspiration for my love of the academic study of the Old Testament. I must, however, accept full responsibility for any errors that still remain in the book, in spite of this wealth of input, due either to my refusal to heed sound advice or to my own carelessness. I have also profoundly appreciated the prayers, support, and encouragement of friends and family both in England and in the US. My own two ‘heirs’, Nathan and Noah, contributed uniquely to this process by distracting me from work, thus allowing me to return to writing with fresh insights. My extraordinary wife, Shannon, was willing to move from sunny Pasadena to rainy Oxford, has provided for her slacker husband and family for six years, has pretended to be viii Acknowledgements interested in his research (often successfully), and has even read over his work. My parents, Richard and Jane Lamb, in addition to passing on their faith to this son, have communicated their deep love throughout this process. They frequently called, generously funded, consistently prayed, and always encouraged. It is to them therefore that this book is dedicated. Contents List of Tables xi Abbreviations xii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Uniqueness of Jehu’s Dynasty 1 1.2 History of Research 2 1.3 Narrative DeWnition, Methodology, and Organization 11 2 Righteous Jehu 15 2.1 Jehu’s Righteous Regnal Evaluation 15 2.2 Jehu’s Fathers: Jehoshaphat, Nimshi, and Omri 27 2.3 Jehu’s Prophetic and Divine Anointing 47 2.4 Jehu’s Divine Election 57 2.5 Jehu’s Violent Obedience 81 2.6 Jehu’s Contracting Borders 110 2.7 Jehu’s Omitted Tribute 119 2.8 Dtr’s Positive Perspective on Jehu 128 3 Jehu and David: Two Charismatic Kings 130 3.1 Parallels between Jehu and David 130 3.2 The Two Most Charismatic Kings 144 3.3 Dtr’s Positive Perspective on Charismatic Rulers 151 4 Jehu’s Evil Heirs 155 4.1 Unrighteous Evaluations 155 4.2 Royal Longevity 164 4.3 Military Success 177 4.4 Dtr’s Negative Perspective on Jehu’s Heirs 204 x Contents 5 Jehu’s Dynasty and Dtr’s Perspective on Dynastic Succession 206 5.1 Dynasty in the ANE 206 5.2 Dynasty in the DH: Observations and Questions 213 5.3 Dtr’s Explanation: Dynastic Oracles 223 5.4 Dtr’s Negative Perspective on Dynastic Succession 241 6 Conclusion 256 6.1 Summary: Dtr’s Critique of Dynastic Succession 256 6.2 Two Additional Implications and Three Unresolved Questions 259 Bibliography 263 Index 287 List of Tables 2.1A. A northern regnal formula (Jehoahaz) 18 2.1B. Regnal formulas for northern kings 20 2.1C. Jehu’s regnal formula 23 2.2A. Israelite references in Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions 34 2.3A. Anointing (hWm) references in the DH 49 2.3B. The repetition of Jehu’s anointing 53 2.4A. Divine election references in ANE sources 70 2.4B. Divine election references in the DH 75 2.5A. Prophecy and fulWllment in Jehu’s narrative 93 2.5B. Deuteronomistic phrases in prophetic texts related to Jehu’s narrative 98 2.5C. Scholarly views on redaction of prophetic texts in 2 Kings 9–10 99 2.6A. Political changes of Israel and Judah in 1–2 Kings 114 2.7A. Tribute and plunder from rulers of Israel and Judah 122 3.1A. Deuteronomistic nature of David/Jehu parallel material 141 3.2A. Charismatic attributes of Israelite and Judean kings 149 4.2A. Regnal years of Jehuite rulers 175 4.3A. Prophetic support for and opposition to rulers in the DH 188 5.2A. The royal dynasties of Israel and Judah 214 5.3A. Royal dynastic promises 224 5.3B. Royal dynastic judgments 227 5.3C. ‘Lamp’ (tjn:) oracles 229 5.3D. Priestly dynastic oracles 231 5.4A. Charismatic attributes of non-royal leaders of the DH 253 Abbreviations AB Anchor Bible. ABR Australian Biblical Review. ANEP The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament, ed. J. B. Pritchard, 2nd edn. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969. ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, ed. J. B. Pritchard, 3rd edn. with supplement. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969. AnSt Anatolian Studies. ARAB D. D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyrian and Babylonia, 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1926–7. ARM Archives royales de Mari. Paris: Geuthner, 1941. ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments. ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch. ATSAT Arbeiten zu Text und Sprache im Alten Testament. AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies. BAR Biblical Archaeology Review. BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. BBB Bonner biblishe Beitra¨ge. BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium. BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1983. Bib Biblica. BibInt Biblical Interpretation. BJS Brown Judaic Studies. BN Biblische Notizen. BO Bibliotheca Orientalis. BWANT Beitra¨ge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament. Abbreviations xiii BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fu¨r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. CANE Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, 4 vols. New York: Scribner, 1995. CBC Cambridge Bible Commentary. CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly. CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monography Series.
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