State of the Art Technologies

Volume 1, No. 10, November 2010, ISSN 1729-8709

State of the art technologies

• Guest Interview Prof. Fischer : Innovation benefits from standards

rd • ISO 33 General Assembly © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ Contents

Comment Karen Higginbottom, Chair of ISO/IEC JTC 1 Inseparable partners – Standards and innovation ...... 1 ISO Focus+ is published 10 times a year (single issues : July-August, World Scene December-January) International events and international standardization ...... 2 It is available in English and French. Guest Interview Annual subscription - 98 Swiss Francs Individual copies - 16 Swiss Francs Øystein Fischer – Founder of MaNEP (National Center of Competence in Research)..... 3

Publisher Special Report ISO Central Secretariat On par with innovation ...... 8 (International Organization for Standardization) One for all, all for one – Global space collaborations blast off...... 10 1, chemin de la Voie-Creuse CH - 1211 Genève 20 Oil disaster preparedness – ISO standard for oil skimmers to improve Switzerland clean-up operations ...... 13 Tel.: +41227490111 Fax: +41227333430 Future of nanotech – ISO standards hold huge promise for a safe E-mail: [email protected] and prosperous industry ...... 15 Web: www.iso.org Hydrogen roll-out – Deploying an automotive and fuelling infrastructure ...... 19

Manager: Roger Frost No melt miracle – Welding industry turns high-tech ...... 21 Editor: Elizabeth Gasiorowski-Denis Assistant Editor: Maria Lazarte 3D Manufacturing – In comes maturing laser sintering ...... 23 Communication Officer: Sandrine Tranchard SmartCharge – Electric vehicles and the grid ...... 28 Artwork: Xela Damond, Pierre Granier and Alexane Rosa Centre-fold Translation: Translation Services, ISO Central Secretariat Just think ! ...... 26-27

Subscription enquiries: Sonia Rosas Friot Planet ISO ISO Central Secretariat News of the ISO system ...... 32 Tel.: +41227490336 Fax: +41227490947 Management Solutions E-mail: [email protected] ISO 9001 × 1 000 000 – Latest edition of The ISO Survey ...... 34 © ISO, 2010. All rights reserved. ISO/IEC 27001 for SMEs – Handbook on information security ...... 35

The contents of ISO Focus+ are ISO 9001 “ visa ” for US passports – QMS to cover 100 % of printing in 2011 ...... 36 copyrighted and may not, whether in whole or in part, be reproduced, stored in a Standards in Action retrieval system or transmitted in any Stop Internet piracy ! – Video signatures offer a solution ...... 38 form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, 360° without written permission of the Editor. ISO 33rd General Assembly – ISO adopts Strategic Plan 2011-2015...... 40 The articles in ISO Focus+ express the views of the authors, and do not Open Session – IT@Work, the contribution of standards...... 46 necessarily reflect the views of ISO or DEVCO – ISO approves next Action Plan for developing countries ...... 49 of any of its members. New Releases ISSN 1729-8709 Printed in Switzerland ISO launches ISO 26000 guidance standard on social responsibility ...... 50 Financial guidance for national standards bodies ...... 51 Cover photo : © CERN, 2010, “ ATLAS pixel detector ” How strong is your company’s brand ? An ISO standard can help tell you ...... 52 ISO standard for water-resistant watches makes “ huge splash ” ...... 52 ISO Update : www.iso.org/isoupdate Coming Up 53 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ Comment Inseparable partners Standards and innovation

As global markets move toward new power sources, new transpor- As the next point of departure, the ra- tation models and new information sharing technologies, the stand- dio frequency contactless interface from ardization process will play a key role in integrating these markets. ICC is the basis of the near field communications (NFC) standardization that This significantly complex environment will require standards to is now being used for video uploading provide the focus that advances innovation. in consumer electronics products and the “ wave and pay ” transactions available Standards provide a baseline of technol- are considered. One such example is the on mobile phone handsets. Without the ogy. Market forces determine the most vi- biometric standard for face image data ICC standard, developers would not have able of these technologies. Once a success- (ISO/IEC 19794-5). This 2005 standard focused on this functionality to advance ful standard is implemented, it becomes specifies images of faces and describes their new, innovative ideas. part of the global development toolkit. constraints on facial appearances. The While there is some debate about whether Imagine how long it would take a “ smart standard is written in a way that allows standardization leads to innovation or inno- phone ” producer to develop a new phone for verification both by humans and com- vation leads to standardization, that the top- with amazing applications if each element puter automated recognition. It also relies ic is a subject for hallway conversation at of the system needed to be made “ from on existing standards – the digital image all demonstrates the two concepts are stra- scratch ”. It is only because the communi- format can be JPEG or JPEG2000. tegically linked. Standardization is the path cation, application and electronic building that brings increased visibility and recogni- blocks are already in place that such a vast tion to advanced technologies. It offers an number of creative solutions are able to Standards opportunity to develop a consensus based proliferate in the marketplace. bring innovation solution where user needs are addressed. Implementing standards to serve as the to the marketplace. Implementing broadly accepted standards foundation of new, innovative solutions lowers the cost to produce and reduces the brings products to market more rapidly. cost to the customer. Standardization creates Supporting a “ build once, implement Such technology has been incorporated downstream opportunities for adding greater worldwide ” strategy, manufacturers ex- at airport smart gates that allow travelers value to the product and encouraging inno- perience lower costs to develop a single to process themselves through security vation for greater product differentiation. global product and those savings can re- checkpoints. The ability to innovate a less The bottom line : standards bring in- sult in lower costs for purchasers. intrusive method of security to meet both novation to the marketplace and the joint Standards that are innovative and well the agents’ and the passengers’ needs was technical committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, In- implemented will gain visibility and rec- dependent on the information contained formation technology, is at the forefront ognition for their new functionality. One in an electronic passport and the facial of this great endeavour.  such advancement was the development recognition technology. of a long-life generic cabling system for Within the standards development en- the interconnection of information tech- vironment, innovation is the result of nology (IT) equipment. The first edition great engineers brought together in an of the standard (ISO/IEC 11801) was environment that encourages open dis- published in 1995 and was intended for cussion and the sharing of new ideas. Of- use within office buildings. Its imple- ten, it is these experts, from vastly varied mentation allows information to be trans- sources, that can spawn innovative down- ferred in any form (voice, data, video) stream products. and applications can be changed quickly. The work on a contactless integrated Available bandwidth has increased circuit card (ICC) standard (contactless from 1 MHz (Megahertz) in 1990 to 1 smart cards, ISO/IEC 14443 series) began GHz (Gigahertz) over twisted pair cop- in 1993. The four-part standard first edi- per cables today. Standardization allowed tions were published in 2000 and 2001. not only for the cabling technology to ad- Their implementation was rapidly adopt- vance, but also for the dependent applica- ed for mass transit smart ticketing and tions and networks to progress. integrated ticketing applications. Innova- The standards consensus building pro- tion has progressed to their use as “ wave Karen Higginbottom, cess ensures that broader end user needs and pay ” credit and debit cards. Chair of ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 1 World Scene

ISO President Alan Morrison, when ad- ternational Standards through its members dressing the IEC Council, highlighted the and stakeholders. The active involvement of long and fruitful collaboration between ISO industry, government, consumers and other and IEC, including recent achievements on stakeholders, including users of standards technical policy, the work of joint technical as those represented by IFAN, is essential to committees, especially ISO/IEC JTC 1 on in- meet this objective. formation technology, and the newly formed ISO/IEC JPC 2 on energy terminology, as well as the efforts of the World Standards Cooperation which comprises IEC, ISO and the International Telecommunication Union. But the ISO President emphasized that this collaboration needs to be even more powerful. “ There is a growing trend in standardization to work closer together, ” he said. First, because technology is evolving at an extraordinary pace, and collaboration can only make us stronger, faster and better equipped to succeed. Second, because the growing convergence of technology makes it harder to draw the line between the work Mysteries of the cosmos of both organizations, particularly in the area of new technologies. “ Mysteries of the cosmos ” was the theme “ Not one of us sees the whole picture or of World Space Week 2010 – the largest pub- has all the answers. The more we work to- lic space event organized annually from 4-10 gether the stronger we will be, ” concluded October, celebrating the contributions of the ISO President. space science and technology to life on earth. Throughout history, humans have looked Standards users’ conference WSD poster 2010.indd 1 to the heavens and wondered about the universe and our place within it, writes the “ Standards : Challenges of the Future ” 07.07.2010 11:43:35 World Space Week Association. Although was the theme of the 13th conference of the Older people’s contribution we have learned a lot, with each answer International Federation of Standards Us- to society comes more questions. This year, World ers (www.ifan.org) held in October 2010, Space Week is a time to probe what we in Seattle USA. Attended by leaders from Over 600 million persons are aged 60 or know, what it means, and what we have yet industry, government, standards user organi- over, a total that will double by 2025, and to learn about the mysteries of the cosmos. zations and standards developing organiza- that will reach two billion by 2050, high- Numerous ISO standards have helped us tions, the event addressed strategic challeng- lighted the 2010 International Day of Older make new discoveries and further our un- es and opportunities facing the community of Persons, under the theme “ Older people – derstanding of the universe by contributing standards users – sustainability and develop- New power for development. ” Organized to space exploration and study. These stand- ment, education, innovation and standards, annually on 1 October, the event acknowl- ards are developed by experts from the sci- promotion, implementation and relevance of edges the growing population of older per- entific and academic community, industry, standards, confidence and compliance, etc. sons, their participation in society and the government and other relevant stakeholders. ISO President Alan Morrison spoke about importance of empowerment. The main technical committee responsi- the long-standing relationship between Older persons already make huge contri- ble for developing standards in this area is IFAN and ISO, who has provided IFAN’s butions to society, mainly through care for ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles. By secretariat since 1982. “ Our close links are ill relatives, orphaned children (e.g. due to standardizing materials, components and understandable and desirable, ” he said. En- HIV), and in general for dependent and sick equipment for the construction and opera- suring the satisfaction of our customers and individuals of all ages. A study in Spain has tion of aircraft and space vehicles, as well stakeholders is important for ISO. Moreo- found the average number of minutes per as equipment used in their servicing and ver, the theme of the conference resonates day spent in providing such care increases maintenance, the committee contributes to strongly with the new ISO Strategic Plan exponentially with the carer’s age : 201 safer and more efficient space exploration. 2011-2015, he explained. minutes for 65-74 and 318 minutes for 75- Recent work includes standards for the dis- ISO aims to be the world’s leading pro- 84 (Duran H, Fundación BBVA, 2002). posal of space debris and for helping manu- vider of high quality, globally relevant In- To enable older people to make such con- facturers and operators take advantage of tributions to development, they must enjoy lessons learned from space projects. adequate levels of health and accessibility. Numerous International Standards target An even stronger partnership – the specific needs of older persons, notably ISO and IEC ISO/IEC Guide 71 which provides guidelines for considering their needs and those Over 2 800 delegates from more than 80 of people with disabilities, in the develop- countries attended the 2010 General Meeting ment of standards. of the International Electrotechnical Com- In the context of World Standards Day mission (IEC), the largest in IEC’s history. 2010 which focused on accessibility, ISO, Some 400 meetings from 100 technical com- IEC and ITU organized a workshop for mittees, subcommittees and working groups addressing the challenges faced by people were held over the course of the event which with disabilities and older people, through took place in Seattle, USA, in October 2010. standardization. 

2 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 ISO P Guest Professor attheUniversityof Stanford, USA. Switzerland, since1977, andhasalsotaughtasa densed MatterPhysicsat theUniversityofGeneva, He hasbeenaProfessor in theDepartmentofCon- one ofthemajorenigmas intoday’sphysics. ture superconductors,whosepropertiesrepresent conducting researchonhighcriticaltempera- is aspecialistinsuperconductivity,currently An internationallyrenownedphysicist,Prof. Fischer materials ofthefuture,sinceitscreationin2001. Research (NCCR)dedicatedtoexploringelectronic tronic Properties)NationalCentreofCompetence in Founder ofMaNEP’s(MaterialswithNovelElec - Øystein Fischer has been Director and rof. Øystein FischerhasbeenDirectorand Focus + November 2010 November Øystein Fischer Øystein Guest Interview Guest

of theSwiss PhysicalSociety. tion foreightyearsandan honorarymember Council oftheSwissNational ScienceFounda- Prof. Fischer wasamemberof theResearch for the2008TageErlander guestprofessorship. and wasselectedbytheSwedishResearchCouncil advancements incondensedmatterphysics, scientists whoseworkhasenabledsignificant Randers’ ResearchPrize,adistinctionhonouring Prof. Fischer wasawardedtheGunnar Switzerland, in2005. of hisresearch,andbytheUniversityNeuchâtel, by theUniversityofRennes,France,inrecognition He wasawardedanhonorarydoctorate(1990) © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+

3 Photo : © UNIGE 4 Scanning tunnelling microscopeforstudyingmaterials fornewelectronics. of superconductivityincludemagnets magnets forfutureapplications. enable muchsmallerormorepowerful on electricpowertransmissionandalso sity isexpectedtohaveamajorimpact zero resistanceandhighcurrentden- technological applications.Inparticular, and thisenablesarangeofinnovative current electrical of flow the to sistance terials, atlowtemperature,toloseallre- nomenon ofnature.Itcausescertainma- which aresuperconductingmaterials. for futuretechnological markets, among of materialswhichhavestrongpotential es oninvestigatingseveralmajorclasses the propertiesofmaterials.MaNEPfocus- safety andtransportputsalotofstrainon tronics, imagery,energy,environment, kets suchastelecommunications,elec- Fischer :Thedevelopmentofmar- Prof. potential ? future plications ofsuperconductivityandits could youpleasedescribethemajorap- conductivity. Tofamiliarizeourreaders, your groundbreakingworkinsuper- the TageErlanderprofessorshipfor gratulations Prof.Fischeronreceiving Focus+ :Firstly,oursincerecon- ISO

Photo : © UNIGE Guest Interview Today, major commercial applications Superconductivity isauniquephe- © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ complex molecules. ture, the interaction and the kinetics of maceutical industriestostudythestruc- magnets (upto23.5T)areusedbyphar- superconductingfield high on based tems solution totheserequirements. NMR sys- and superconductorsprovideaunique and speedrequiredforclinicalimaging, sential toachievetheresolution,precision es- are field magnetic the of stability and Just asimportantly,highhomogeneity achieved usingconventionalmagnets. be MRIcannot for required values field nance spectroscopy(NMR).Thetypical aging (MRI)andnuclearmagneticreso- used inmedicalmagneticresonanceim- tions oftheuniversemomentsafter magnets areusedtorecreatethecondi- accelerators madeofsuperconducting standing ofmatterandenergy in expandingourfundamentalunder- Superconductivity alsoplaysakeyrole need for standardization.need will to lead anincreased collaborative projects Large international : particle quantum computation. but alsoinviewoftheimplementation of far beyondthesilicontechnology limits, only inordertoraisethecomputing speed envisaged inhigh-endcomputing, not conducting analog-to-digitalconverters. tal transmitters and receivers, using super- opments involvethetransitiontoall-digi allowed bysuperconductors.Futuredevel and tothe intrinsic frequency precision tremely low dissipation at high frequency simultaneous channels, thankstotheex- mission channels andalarger number of stations, enabling a widerrangeoftrans- employed incommercialbase wireless already are filters superconducting vanced fast developingcleantechsector. portant contributionsinthefutureto perconductivity maythereforemakeim- trains andshippropulsionsystems.Su- ogies, includingmagneticallylevitated rent limitersandinthetransporttechnol- power transmissioncablesandfaultcur- structure, i.e.ingenerators,transformers, applications intheelectricpowerinfra- of emergingandenvironmentallyfriendly racy uptofivepartsperbillion. calibrating anystaticvoltagewithaccu- able commerciallyforgeneratingand tems, basedonthisprincipleareavail- verter. Intrinsicvoltagestandardsys- which actsasafrequency-voltagecon- ducting element,theJosephsonjunction, fundamental propertyofakeysupercon- trical unitoftheVolt.Thisisduetoa for ametrologystandardtheelec- clear fusioncantakeplace. the hightemperatureplasmasothatnu- shape and confine to needed fields netic will beusedforgeneratingthehighmag- dant energyproduction.Superconductors ity ofnuclearfusionforcleanandabun- to demonstratethetechnologicalfeasibil- wide projectsinenergyresearchandaims (ITER). ITERisoneofthebiggestworld- Thermonuclear ExperimentalReactor the enablingfactorforInternational conducting magnets. be economicallyachievedwithoutsuper- gies generatedinthismachinecouldnot dipoles andquadrupoles.Thehighener- more thanonethousandsuperconducting Collider (LHC)atCERNismadeupof high energyparticles.TheLargeHadron Big Bangthroughthecollisionofvery Applications ofsuperconductivity are ad- communications, of field the In Superconductors alsoenableavariety A superconductingdeviceisthebasis The useofsuperconductorsrepresents

ISO Focus + November 2010 November - - Photo : © CERN mation onstandards.Itisimportant to for educationandresearch. parisons. Theyarethereforeessential ensure qualityandperformancecom- language andcommonbenchmarksto national Standardsprovideacommon the worldondifferentprojects.Inter- lar basiswithscientistsfromallover in Switzerlandworkingonaveryregu- that MaNEPisanetworkofresearchers Fischer :Itisalsoworthnoting Prof. sity’s programmeandSwissindustry is therelationshipbetweenUniver- national Standards in education does MaNEPseethepromotionofInter- tion educationisapriorityforISO.How Focus+ : Excellenceinstandardiza- ISO ISO superconductivity. Seewww.manep.ch awareness ofthepotentialanddevelopment of 1) InGeneva,severaleventswillbe held toraise Children discoveringthemagicofsuperconductivityatPhysiScope. applications look tothefutureandstimulate an opportunityinnearlyallcountriesto ery ofthisphenomenon and will provide mark the100 perconductivity. Theyear2011will su- of field the in projects development Yet, students seem to have little infor- l mjr onre hv significant have countries major All Focus + November 2010 November 1) th . anniversaryofthediscov- ? What ? they arenotdoingtheirjob. to solvingstandardizationissues,orelse Researchers must not limitthemselves constrained. be not must research ficient, research areconcerned.Indeed,tobeef- of standardizationasfareducationand to raisestudents’awarenessofthelimits ards amongstudentsand,atthesametime, promote theaimsandrelevanceofstand- enthusiasm. In ordertocontribute younger generation’smotivation and standardization shouldbegin withthe countries’ demands. subsequently developed in ordertomeet ardization ideasorneeds.Standardsare may bedescribedasprovidersofstand- matically leadstostandardization.We auto- approach scientific the sequently, a naturalneedforstandardization.Con- This scientific process ultimately creates which requiresahighlevelofrigour. reproducibility) (data method scientific Besides, thelongprocessleading to a follows a scientist definition, By industry is essential. is industry universities and Swiss between link The © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ researchers at the UniversityofGeneva pre-clinical MRI,BrukerBiospin. The leader industryinNMRspectroscopy and in severalR&Dprojectswith themarket the ITERmagnets.Theyarealso involved CERN, andtothewiredevelopment for of theupgradeLHCacceleratorat utes to the preliminary studies in view wires. In particular, the group contrib- and characterizationofsuperconducting pates activelytowardsthedevelopment of AppliedSuperconductivitypartici- MaNEP’s research. stage fortheapplicationsderivedfrom ing withthebusinesscommunitysets Swiss industryisthusessential future. Thelinkbetweenuniversitiesand scientists who will work for them in the to bothhelptheminnovateandtrainthe with the local ecosystem. The objective is with Swisscompanies,andconsequently MaNEP’s researchactivitiesarealigned of modernsciences. dents can come and discover the magic where schoolchildrenandolderstu- Scope (www.physiscope.ch) – a place tive laboratoryinGeneva–thePhysi- this process,wehavesetupaninterac- At theUniversityofGeneva,Group As farasindustryisconcerned,someof ; work- 5 Guest Interview

Members of MaNEP

Academic partners Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen (AG) University Empa EPFL of Fribourg ETHZ Lausanne Zurich

University of Zurich Hepia Geneva University University of Bern of Geneva Industrial partners (host institution) Coatings, metallurgy and thin films

Superconductors Sensors and Microtechnology actuators Tool machine Instrumentation industry : © UNIGE Photo also collaborate with the Swiss-Swedish the development of this technology. As must not imagine that applying standards company ABB in view of the future gen- a scientist and researcher, how do you means the end of their task. They must eration of superconducting fault current view the relationship between standard- analyse and further investigate how to limiters for the electric grid. ization and innovation ? provide innovations that may be stand- Prof. Fischer : As previously mentioned, ardized years later. standards provide a common language. In Geneva, we are currently setting up a Innovation can truly They enable objective comparisons be- new system of collaboration between re- benefit from standards. tween laboratory results and help deter- search and industry – the “ Geneva Crea- mine the best working method. Yet, sci- tivy Center ” – in order to stimulate initial entists must go beyond standards. They creative thought and the ensuing innovative process that leads to new products. The characterization of the supercon- This new centre will be a forum which ducting properties of the wires (critical current, resistivity, losses, etc.) is per- will contribute to finding solutions to the formed according to the International Elec- apparent conflict between the need for trotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. complete freedom in research and the The adoption of International Standards is practical and legitimate need for stand- a key point in large collaborative projects, ardization in industry. where the exchange and integration of information from different laboratories are ISO Focus+ : Can you give us your indispensable elements. views on standards as powerful tools for opening up markets for new technolo- ISO Focus+ : ISO’s current work on gies and disseminating state-of-the-art nanotechnologies is providing indus- : © UNIGE knowledge and best practice ? How are

try with classification methodologies, Photo International Standards helping pro- common definitions and terminology, mote the work of MaNEP’s scientists, Cross section of an Nb3Sn wire fabricated at and other tools which may facilitate the University of Geneva. including your own ?

6 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 ISO The elaborationofthesematerials into operate atmuchhighertemperatures. superconductors which,inprinciple, can has seenthediscoveryofnumerous new peratures. Inthelast25years, theworld als havetobecooledvery lowtem- perconducting propertiesthesemateri- the 1950s.Todisplaytheirpositivesu- perature superconductorsdiscoveredin are madewiththeso-calledlowtem- ductivity, mostlargescaleapplications supercon- of field the In Fischer : Prof. like toseestandardizationinthefuture few innovativeareaswhereyouwould field your in gies new upcomingexcitingtechnolo- Focus+ : Canyoutellusaboutany ISO need forstandardization. rative projectswillleadtoanincreased for research,largeinternationalcollabo- of thenecessitytohavecompletefreedom other propertiesarecrucial.Thus,inspite conductors, alternativecurrentlosesand chanical strengthofcompositessuper- critical current,residualresistance,me- measurement processofquantities,like tween the groups, standardization of the mentioned previously. scale applications like ITER andLHC,as perconducting wiresandcablesforlarge the developmentandimprovementofsu- collaborating worldwidetocontribute and devices.Today,numerousgroupsare velopment ofnewsuperconductingwires zation hasbecomeessentialforthede- ample ofaresearchareawherestandardi- among researchers. ments andtheyarewidelydisseminated that theyincorporateinnovationrequire- lishing standards, care should be taken nological markets.However,whenpub- more quicklyandeasilytoindustrialtech- efit from standards in that it can reach out Fischer :Innovationcantrulyben- Prof. One ofthe14 Indeed, inordertocompareresultsbe- Superconductivity isaverygoodex- Focus + November 2010 November 641 filamentsinNb Cn o mnin a mention you Can ? 3 Sn wire.

? Photo : © UNIGE will needtobeelaborated. and undoubtedlynewpracticalstandards number ofnewapplicationswillfollow available atacceptablecosts,alarge lenge. Whensuchconductorsbecome sents a huge and very important chal- practical andcheapconductorsrepre- related electronic quantum statescanbe cial electronicsystemsshowinghowcor- lowed thedevelopmentofnewinterfa- recent advancesinmaterialcontrolal- Indeed, films. thin epitaxial of field the ing potentialfornewdevelopmentsisin Another areainwhichIseeveryexcit- a common language. provide Standards See physics. level intheareaofsolid-state theinternational at information extends beyond borders.Its reputation It has become a focal point of schools, severaluniversities, aswellwithinindustriallaboratories. inthetwopolytechnicin Switzerlandworkingonmasteringmaterials University ofGeneva, 250scientists MaNEPisanetworkofapproximately Foundation waslaunchedin2001, that fora12-yearperiod. Basedinthe ScienceMaNEP ispartoftheNCCRProgrammeSwiss National are superconductors. isthuscrucial.materials forthefutureAmong thesepromisingmaterials the raceforspeedandperformance. Understandingandmasteringthese potential measures up to the challenges raised by new technologies in arehighlypromisingandoftenunrecognized.These materials Their MaNEP, exploring materials electronic the future of www.manep.ch © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ electronics. future of superconductivity, field the in generally of more and field the in tion the futureofinternationalstandardiza- tion ofsuchnewtechnologies. techniques forthe practical implementa- needed forthedevelopmentofsuitable thus is field this in Standardization ics. long termdevelopmentoffutureelectron- ble electronic properties will impact the The creationofinterfaceswithcontrolla- terface betweentwoinsulatingmaterials. that superconductivityoccursatthein- at the obtained University ofGeneva,whereitwasfound was field this in sults laboration, oneofthemostexcitingre- charge, spinandorbitalinteractions. engineered throughdesign,playingwith the cornerstonesof21 new electronicproperties, oneof showing(NCCR) studiesmaterials Centre ofCompetenceinResearch electronic properties)National withnovelThe MaNEP(Materials with industry. in collaboration their applications their fabrication, and to prepare for develop advancedmethodsfor properties ofthesematerials, to to abetterunderstandingofthe physics. Itsobjectiveistocontribute It willbeextremelyinterestingtosee In the framework of international col-  st century 7 8 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 Special Report On par with innovation

by Maria Lazarte

The famous words spoken by Neil Armstrong when first walking on the moon, “ That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind, ” can be applied to many innovations that have radically transformed the world we live in, such as automobiles or the Internet. As human knowledge continues to grow, we are witnessing a rapid escalation in the development of new technologies. But for such innovations to take hold, and even fulfil their life-changing potential, International Standards are necessary.

Scientists working on cutting-edge re- form of transport, making it easier for search often have diverse backgrounds manufacturers to develop this technology and are interested in different applica- and improve user experience. tions – for example, in nanotechnology Standards are also helping disseminate this can range from sunscreens to com- innovative techniques for welding with- puter chips. Without standards, each out melting, which preserves the original group of scientists would have to develop metal characteristics ; useful, for example, new understandings and assumptions for space shuttles and automobile parts. for emerging concepts, resulting in poor No subject is more “ global ” than space, communication, lack of interoperability and ISO is developing standards that tack- among systems, and duplication of effort. le the problems posed by growing space International standardization builds and debris and disposal of crippled satellites. disseminates consensus amongst the fore- Nanotechnology has an incredible poten- most experts and stakeholders in the field tial. While the technology is still at an early – facilitating and speeding up progress. stage of development, standards are already ISO standards for classification, defini- playing a crucial role in ensuring that sci- tions and testing are powerful tools for entists across fields can share concepts and communicating new knowledge amongst ideas. They are also an important vehicle for scientists, industry, consumers, govern- addressing any issues related to the appli- ments and regulatory bodies in both de- cation of this technology, particularly con- veloped and developing countries alike, cerning health, safety and the environment. so that everyone can share in the benefits. A final example looks at how stand- In turn, this facilitates the uptake of new ards are opening up markets for hydro- technologies and enables interoperability, gen energy. helping open up markets for innovative Some people imagine standards to be products and services. At the same time, fixed and rigid, hindering development standards protect consumers through safe- and research more than helping it. But the ty, quality and environmental principles. reality is just the opposite. International This Special Report highlights some of Standards bring together best practices the most exciting new areas where ISO from around the world, helping to speed is developing standards, such as state-of- up progress and facilitating the introduc- the-art laser sintering technology, which tion of new technologies. They are flex- allows the manufacture of plastic prod- ible tools, revised every few years to ucts without moulds, and standards for oil ensure that they are up-to-date with in- collection and oil skimmers, particularly novation. As such, ISO standards, though timely given the most recent oil spills. small documents in size, are giant leaps International Standards for the smart for technology.  charging of electric vehicles will facilitate the spread and reach of this greener Maria Lazarte is Assistant Editor, ISO Focus+.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 9 Special Report

One for all, all for one

Global space collaborations Not rocket science for all… There are four categories of space- blast off faring countries. China, France, India, Ja- pan, Russia and the USA develop, launch, by Dave Finkleman and operate satellites and boosters. These countries also take advantage of the func- tions of satellites. The move and need to conform to International Standards is no- Brazil, Germany, Italy, and the United where as noticeable as in the following excerpt from Ken Follet’s Kingdom develop and operate satellites. The Pillars of the Earth. These countries have not yet developed independent launch capability (although “ So how many feet are there in a pole ? ” Brazil is very close). “ Aha ! That depends. Eighteen in Lincoln. Sixteen in East Anglia. Egypt, Morocco, Pacific Republics, There are fifteen on this site. ” South Africa, Thailand, and others rely on satellite services. “ In Paris they don’t use the pole at all – just the yardstick. ” This fictional exchange is a fair description of the current disruptive inefficiency of space system development, launch, and operations. Within ISO, technical committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, subcommittee, SC 14, Space systems and operations, is dedicated to overcoming these problems by establishing a collaborative international environment for future space operations.

Space standards are unique within ISO. minology. There are several, sometimes Space system operations are interdiscipli- competing, space standards bodies. nary, and development is highly competi- SC 14 is as diverse as its subject : engi- tive. Knowledge and capability of space neering design, testing, space operations, system knowledge vary widely among space environment, management, and countries, and the technologies are pro- materials. Space debris management and tected as national treasures by measures mitigation spans all of these fields. Each such as the United States International area demands standards in order to serve Trade in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Ma- a burgeoning market for launch services, jor space-faring countries do not share a satellite operation and control, and com- common language, let alone common ter- mon space vehicles.

10 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ Other countries, such as central Afri- can countries, seek greater involvement and benefits. Some provide well-located equatorial ground stations, like Malinde, Kenya. Each country in these categories has essential interests in international space standards. SC 14 standards encompass all dimensions of science and engineering. At the fundamental operational level, there are standards for reporting launch site failures that facilitate forensics and remediation. The subcommittee has developed standards for ground site interfaces, pressure vessels, and the composition of consumables. Since spacecraft cannot be repaired once launched, mechanical, electrical, and process reliability are overarching requirements. The space industry has dramatically expanded the science of failure analysis ; Failure Mode and Effects Criticality Analyses (FMECA) is the essential core of space operations. At the level of true rocket science, op- where each member ideally represents a dif- erators determine satellite orbits in a vari- Collaborative operations ferent potential user with different needs. ety ways. Classes of observations include Together with ISO/TC 20/SC 13, Space Finally, there must be a minimum num- ranging on active links with satellites, data and information transfer systems, ber of votes with a clear majority, not inertial measurement onboard (such as (also known as the Consultative Commit- merely a plurality among those who par- GPS), radar skin track, and telescopes. tee for Space Data Standards), SC 14 has ticipate in the vote. Similarly, there are multiple ways to developed and published standards for describe satellite orbits and many per- communicating comprehensive orbital How much debris is too much spectives from which to calculate fu- data in a manner that enables collabora- ture positions. The earth is not a perfect tive operations. This requires a series of Near-earth space may already be overpop- sphere, and its mass is not uniformly supporting standards for determining and ulated. At a minimum, it is necessary to dis- distributed. Changes over time in our expressing the orientation of the earth in pose of satellites safely at the end of mission planet’s shape, mass distribution, and inertial space, for prescribing the compo- life. The Interagency Debris Coordinating mass have important implications for sition of the rarefied space environment Committee (IADC) has developed disposal spacecraft operation. (which determines dissipative drag and guidelines, but this advisory body of national light pressure), and for correlating meas- space agency representatives lacks authority urements acquired at different times. or normative capability. The IADC does not Some supporting standards either ex- include or necessarily represent industrial, ist or are being developed, while some civil, or private scientific interests. remain to be addressed in the context of international standardization. Space system operations ISO standards are widely respected and are interdisciplinary, trustworthy. We embrace the principles of recognizing processes, balance within and development developing groups, and true consensus. is highly competitive. Widespread practices should not be invali- dated by new standards, but their deficien- ISO and the United Nations have drafted cies should be revealed. New, more effec- recommendations and standards based on, tive approaches should also be conceived. but not necessarily fully congruent with, Standards must be developed by those IADC guidelines. For example, there is no who need them. Each participant or or- consensus on controlling the size and dis- ganization must have a material stake in tribution of particulates in solid rocket mo- the outcome. Having an interest implies tor combustion products. It also may not also having biases, which can be mitigated be feasible to deorbit spent boosters locked by balance within the development group, in geostationary transfer orbits.

The IADC recommends that satellites in bit will not naturally deorbit or migrate operations require timing accuracy and orbits with apogees less than 2 000 km be further into space. Geostationary satel- precision of less than a millisecond. The removed from that protected region within lites are not truly geostationary ; they hope is to use the committee’s savoir faire 25 years of end of mission life. However, will migrate slowly around the earth and and bring about the most industry-benefi- there was no normative guidance for de- acquire non-equatorial inclination if left cial result for the benefit of all.  termining orbit lifetime, or that it would unattended. Dead geostationary satellites be 25 years with reasonable certainty. SC are a substantial hazard. 14 developed such guidance along with SC 14 has published normative guid- About the author straightforward, consensus-based, norma- ance for disposal from geostationary orbit. tive analytical techniques and criteria. The standard strongly urges raising orbits Dr. Dave Finkleman in deliberate increments with confirmation is a Principal in the of intermediate stages. Although the orbit The ISO standards Center for Space could be raised to a safe separation with Standards and Inno- discipline is widely one burn, an error might leave the satellite respected and vation sponsored by in an even more threatening state. Analytical Graphics, trustworthy. There are no standards for orbits in the Inc. He is a Fellow area occupied by navigation satellites, be- of the American tween 2 000 km and geostationary. The This is a noteworthy accomplishment Institute of Aero- number of navigation satellites in operation in International Standards since orbit nautics and Astronautics, the American is approaching a level where they will begin lifetime estimation is notoriously uncer- Astronautical Society, and the American to interfere with each other. Disposal orbits tain, influenced by marginally predictable Association for the Advancement of have not been coordinated among stakehold- solar cycles. Despite the diversity of ap- Science, Convenor of ISO/TC 20/SC 14/ er countries, and this could cause problems. proaches and predictions, countries found WG 3, Space Operations, and ex-officio consensus in favour of safe disposal of The scope of space standards is ex- contributor to the Consultative Commit- low-earth orbit satellites. tremely broad, and this article explores tee for Space Data Standards. Dr. Fin- only a small fraction of the work space. SC kleman earned his PhD in Aeronautics Risky business 14 continually finds itself at the borders of and Astronautics from the Massachusetts the responsibilities of other ISO technical Institute of Technology. He served for Geostationary orbits are even more committees and subcommittees. Timing is nearly 20 years as Chief Technical Officer important. Satellites in geostationary or- the most recent intersection. Many space for the United States Space Command.

12 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 dition of the oil, sea state, air and sea temperature, thickness of the oil slick, and Oil disaster whether or not debris is present. All this makes it a challenge to select the proper skimmer. For example, the characteristics of the spilled oil are important but they preparedness often change over time, particularly when lighter fractions volatilise, causing the oil to become more viscous. Oil can become even more viscous when it emulsifies with water. Therefore, what works at the beginning of the clean-up process may not be as effective with time.

The various skimming options must be performance-tested.

Sea state can also impact performance. In most circumstances, waves can adversely affect skimmer performance while in other scenarios they may actu- ally improve the oil recovery process. Of course, wave activity varies from day to day. Currents may adversely impact ISO standard for oil skimmers skimmer performance by causing oil to escape under the collection booms or by to improve clean-up operations swamping collection intakes. Air and sea temperature affect volatility and viscosity of the oil. Skimmer performance by Koichi Yoshida and Carolyn E. Junemann is also affected by the thickness of the slick : nearly every skimmer is effective he Gulf of Mexico oil rig disaster that captivated the world’s at- if the oil is thick enough. Moreover, the T capability of a device to handle debris tention last summer has faded from the daily headlines, but its effects must be considered. continue to reverberate in an intense discussion focusing on ways to improve clean-up operations in future spills. During the BP Gulf spill, Test facility requirements responders employed a variety of oil skimming options, from vessels The methodologies provided in ISO of opportunity, such as fishing trawlers rigged with oil booms, to an 21072 apply to testing in a basin, and oil tanker converted for use as a high-volume super skimmer. they require control of oil properties and oil slick characteristics. They refer to all types of skimmers, provided that skimmer An oil skimmer is a mechanical device During 2009 and 2010, SC 2 revised its used to remove oil from the water’s sur- three-part standard, ISO 21072, Marine face. According to the US Environmental environment protection – Performance Protection Agency, mechanical contain- testing of oil skimmers : ment or recovery is the primary line of • Part 1 focuses on testing skimmers in defence against oil spills. But to have a moving water conditions reasonable chance of success, the various • Part 2 addresses testing in static water skimming options must be performance- conditions tested so that the proper type can be Part 3 provides procedures for testing selected for a given situation. Further, • in high viscosity oil. only controlled testing can produce reliable results. This is where ISO technical Complex conditions committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, subcommittee SC 2, Marine Any number of factors affect skimmer environment protection, comes into play. performance, including the type and con-

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 13 Special Report

Slick A number of operating parameters af- Viscosity Oil Target Density kg/l Thickness 1) Example fect skimmer performance. For testing Range cP mm purposes, the main operational parameter Fresh crude, must be identified and tests performed us- 1 10 5 – 20 0,85 – 0,90 10 very light ing at least three variations of this param- bunker eter. For example, weir skimmers drain oil off the surface of the water. The main 2 200 170 – 230 0,90 – 0,93 30/50 Light bunker operating parameters are the size of the Medium 3 2 000 1 800 – 2 200 0,92 – 0,95 50 inlet, the depth of the unit and hydraulic bunker balancing, and pumping capacity. Testing 19 000 – 4 20 000 0,95 – 0,98 50 Heavy bunker may include changing the size of the in- 21 000 lets, placing more than one skimmer head Emulsion 19 000 – in the scenario, or varying the attachment 5 20 000 0,95 – 0,98 50 of medium 21 000 1) and placement points. bunker The standards test protocol for the ef- 90 000 – Emulsion of fect of debris is more qualitative in na- 6 2) 100 000 0,96 – 0,99 100 110 000 1) heavy bunker ture. The resulting information provides Table 1 – Ranges for properties of test oils and related slick parameters. the end user a general indication of the effects of different materials that are of- dimensions are within the physical limita- Test parameters ten found in oil spill recovery operations. tions of the test basin. Test facilities are to Recommended groups of materials to be be designed and equipped to control the The goal of the testing is to establish tested include ropes, soft wood pieces and following parameters : quantitative performance data for a skim- loose materials such as tree bark and plas- mer as a function of : • Oil properties – the ranges of properties tic containers. for test oils are provided as part of the • Test oil properties standard and must remain within these • Oil slick thickness ranges for the duration of the test • Debris interference ISO 21072 offers the tools • Water temperature – the test water tem- • Skimmer operating parameters. for making key decisions perature shall always be at least 3° C in the response effort. above the pour point of the oil and shall Forward movement of the skimmer never have more than a ±2° C variation through the slick is an additional param- • Oil slick thickness – the facility must be eter when testing performance in high capable of measuring the oil slick thick- viscosity oil. Table 1 provides the ranges There is much to consider when select- ness, with a proven accuracy of ±10 %. of properties of test oils and required slick ing the type of skimmer to be used in an thickness. oil spill response scenario. The process For confidence in results through mul- Because oil slick thickness is important of assessing the performance of a skim- tiple runs, the facility is required to main- when determining the effectiveness of a mer at the full-scale level is essential, but tain several calibrated tanks capable of skimmer, it must be monitored regularly equally important is a standardized proce- accurately measuring fluid recovery rate, throughout the test period and measured dure for accomplishing these tests so that oil recovery rate, and water uptake. at a standard distance (1.5 meters under end users can make informed decisions. the standard) from the skimmer entrance. The methodologies provided in ISO Measuring effectiveness The time-averaged thickness may not de- 21072 offers the tools for developing the viate more than 10 % from the specifica- information needed for making key deci- In Parts 1 and 2 of the standard, per- tion given in Table 1. sions in the response effort.  formance is measured by the following parameters : • Fluid recovery rate (FRR) – the total About the authors volume of fluid recovered per unit time • Oil recovery rate (ORR) – the volume Dr. Koichi Yoshida Dr. Carolyn E. of test fluid recovered per unit time is Director of the Junemann serves International Coo- as Secretary of • Recovery efficiency (RE) – the ratio of peration Center. He ISO/TC 8/SC 2. test fluid (oil or emulsion) to the total chaired the Inter- She is a graduate of volume recovered per unit time national Maritime the State Univer- • Emulsification factor (EF) – the amount Organization fire pro- sity of New York of water emulsified into the oil as a re- tection subcommittee Maritime College sult of the skimming/pumping process. for 10 years and is and Tulane Univer- now chairing its greenhouse gases (GHG) sity School of Public Health. 1) Acceptable variation ±10 %. working group. He is also the Chair of ISO/ 2) At a shear rate of 10 s-1. TC 8/SC 2, Marine environment protection.

14 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 Common vocabulary One of the first requirements when embarking on a new technology domain is clear agreement on a common vocabulary, particularly where it impacts and is impacted by different disciplines, as is the case with nanotechnology. However, consensus on terms and their definitions is by no means the only prerequisite for successful scientific development and commercial exploitation. Other basic requirements include protocols for the use of measurement tools and techniques for characterizing the components of the technology, including comprehensive unanimity on any health and environmental risks associated with the technology, and how these can best be mitigated.

Initial working structure The need to address these three hori- zontal areas was recognized in the original proposal for the new technical committee submitted by the British Standards Institution, ISO member for the United Kingdom, and was confirmed when ISO/TC 229 agreed an initial structure comprising three working groups : • WG 1, Terminology and nomencla- Future ture, convened by Canada • WG 2, Measurement and characterization, convened by Japan of nanotech • WG 3, Health and environmental safety, convened by the USA. ISO standards hold huge promise The establishment of ISO/TC 229 was for a safe and prosperous industry shortly followed by a proposal to estab- by Peter Hatto

Nanotechnology is widely expected to have far-reaching impacts on society by contributing to advances in agriculture, construction, energy, health, manufacturing and resource utilization. As a reflection of these expectations, public investment in nanotechnologies has been considerable since the turn of the present century, with US spending alone exceeding USD 12 billion 1).

The science of nanotechnology has term economic and societal benefits. A made major strides since the “ early days ” comprehensive framework of validated of 10 or 20 years ago. Still, spending on standards will be required to ensure sus- this scale can only be justified by long- tained and responsible commercial exploitation. In mid-2005, ISO established technical committee ISO/TC 229, Nano- 1) “ Nanotechnology : A policy primer ”, John F. Sargent Jr, Congressional Research Service, technologies, as a step toward creating March 2010. this framework.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 15 Special Report

a survey of members’ needs was initiated, the results of which were discussed at the third meeting, held in Seoul, Republic of Korea in the fourth quarter of 2006. This survey helped inform the development of working group road maps and paved the way for further new work item proposals.

Single-walled carbon nanotube. Anticipatory specifications of carbon that exist only with nanoscale Given the emerging nature of nano- dimension – Buckminsterfullerenes, or technologies, the majority of work items “ buckyballs ” (C60 fullerene molecules), to date have been directed at the develop- Multi-walled carbon nanotube. with a diameter of around 0.7 nm ; and ment of “ anticipatory ” technical specifi- single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), cations, although proposals have also been lish an IEC (International Electrotechni- consisting of rolled sheets of graphene approved for four International Standards. cal Committee) technical committee to (a single atomic layer of graphite) with a address electrotechnical aspects of na- similar diameter, but with a length of up notechnologies, leading to the creation ISO/TC 229 represents to several micrometres. in 2006 of IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology a sizeable stakeholder While fullerenes appear to have many standardization for electrical and elec- interesting properties relevant to chemi- tronic products and systems. constituency. cal and biological applications, the ex- In recognition of the two committees’ treme strength and electrical properties joint interest in the activities of WG 1 and The committee’s draft business plan, of single wall carbon nanotubes has been WG 2, agreement was quickly reached first published in 2006, was revised and the subject of intensive investigation for to combine efforts by replacing these a new version adopted in June 2010. The possible use in applications ranging from with joint working groups, JWG 1 and committee’s first standards were pub- electrical wiring for new generation inte- JWG 2. A fourth working group, on ma- lished in 2008 : ISO/TS 27687:2008, Na- grated circuits, electron sources for field terials specifications, convened by China, notechnologies – Terminology and defi- emission displays, storage devices for hy- was established at the beginning of 2008. nitions for nano-objects – Nanoparticle, drogen, and diagnostic sensors. The committee’s work programme, nanofibre and nanoplate, and ISO/TR However, few of these potential appli- initiated by a new work item proposal 12885:2008, Nanotechnologies – Health cations have so far materialized, largely from the United Kingdom for a termi- and safety practices in occupational set- because of the variability of raw mate- nology document on nanoparticles, has tings relevant to nanotechnologies. rial, the lack of internationally agreed developed steadily to populate the four Among the most familiar nanotech- specifications, the difficulties of charac- working groups. At the second meeting, nology images is of the two new forms terizing the materials produced, and cost.

Medical nanotechnology – Drone cleaning an infection.

16 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 It is therefore little wonder that an early focus of the work of ISO/TC 229 has been on measurement and characterization techniques for SWCNTs, and six documents addressing these materials have now been published or approved for publication, with two more in the pipeline. Another type of carbon nanotube, the multiwall form, consists of varying numbers of concentric cylindrical graphene sheets, which in some cases can exceed 100 nm in diameter. Potential applications for these more variable materials range from conductive elements for electrically conducting polymers, high-strength fillers for polymer matrix composites, heat dissipation for integrated circuits, and anti-fouling coatings for ships. Six documents relevant to these materials are in preparation. Other work in JWG 2 addresses nano-object release from powders, artificial gratings with the publication of ISO 29701:2010, of nomenclature models for nano-objects, used in instrument calibration, nanotribology Endotoxin test on nanomaterial samples for are under development. (study of friction at the nanometer scale), and in vitro systems, two other standards under The committee’s work on terminology generic requirements for reference materials. Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) and nomenclature has been resolutely pur- balloting, and several other technical speci- sued for the last five years, and agreement Addressing potential hazards fication (TS) and technical report (TR) in has been reached on core terms related to active development. nanotechnologies, nano-objects and car- Following the initial enthusiasm for ap- The safety of manufactured nanoma- bon nano-objects. In many ways, this is the parently limitless opportunities in applica- terials is also high on the agenda of the most contentious area of the committee’s tions ranging from advanced drug therapies Organisation for Economic Co-operation work programme, largely because of the to a “ space elevator ”, the nanotechnology and Development (OECD), where a work- implications that definitions could have for community was forced to take a somewhat ing party on manufactured nanomaterials possible regulation in the area. more sober view when concerns began (WPMN) is undertaking safety testing to arise about potential health and safety on a representative set of nanomaterials implications of human and environmental either in or nearing commercial exploita- Standards will be required exposure to nanomaterials. Researchers tion. ISO/TC 229 cooperates closely with to ensure sustained and are paying particular attention to potential the WPMN through a formal liaison, and responsible commercial hazards from nanoparticles and nanofibres participates in a number of its projects. – two of the three forms of “ nano-object ”, exploitation. the third being nanoplates. Terminology impacts regulation While possible risks from nanoma- So, while the committee’s 36 participat- terials were brought to prominence in a The work programme of JWG 1 is ing and eight observer member countries seminal report by the United Kingdom being pursued in a similarly vigorous have achieved consensus on the meaning Royal Society and Royal Academy of manner to that in JWG2 and WG3. Five 2) of terms such as nanoscale, nanomate- Engineering 2, such concerns had already documents have been either published or rial, nanoparticle and nanotechnology, the been voiced in reports by the international approved for publication, two are under meaning of these and other terms is still insurance companies Swiss Re and Mu- ballot, and three more, including a study hotly debated in a number of jurisdictions. nich Re, both of which have long faced While ISO/TC 229 recognizes that it has significant exposure to insurance claims no right to primacy in definitions – and in- related to asbestos, which has similarities deed welcomes such debate – it does rep- to some forms of carbon nanotubes. resent a sizeable stakeholder constituency ISO/TC 229’s work on health, safety and that has deliberated long and hard on the environmental standards commenced with terminology it has formally approved. the development of a technical report on safe While respecting the right of legislative practices in occupational settings relevant bodies to define the terms incorporated to nanotechnologies, published as ISO/TR into regulation, the committee would en- 12885:2008. Work in WG 3 has continued courage lawmakers to recognize the international dimensions of the ISO process 2) “ Nanosciences and nanotechnologies : opportunities and uncertainties ”, The Royal Society and and make efforts to harmonize with its The Royal Academy of Engineering, July 2004. © Sandia National Laboratories definitions wherever possible.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 17 Molecules moving inside a nanotube. Nanomaterials for industry support this contribution ; identify any Future hopes and dreams and commerce sustainability issues associated with the committee’s existing programme of ISO/TC 229 has embarked on what is The survey of members’ needs men- work and suggest how these might be ad- likely to be a long and challenging journey to tioned above identified materials specifi- dressed ; and identify opportunities for develop a comprehensive suite of standards cations as a high priority, and this was collaboration with other standardization to support the safe and responsible exploita- one of the drivers for developing projects committees with an interest in the area. tion of this group of new technologies. While regulators grapple with how best to protect in the area. However, despite the approv- The committee has also recognized the vulnerable groups from the potential risks of al of five projects (two on nano titanium high level of consumer and societal de- nanotechnologies, and other groups examine dioxide, two on nano calcium carbonate bate on these technologies, which has been and one on the preparation of materials their ethical, legal and societal implications, likened to the controversy regarding ge- specifications), it has become clear that ISO/TC 229 will continue doing what ISO netically modified organisms. Some com- specifications for existing, widely used does best, developing pragmatic, consensus- mentators see nanotechnology as a vehicle materials, albeit in generally non-nano based, robust standards to support industry, through which to challenge existing mod- form, presents significant challenges for regulators and other stakeholders in the re- els of technology development, calling for the committee, not least of which is the alization of a safe and prosperous future.  greater societal involvement in – and pos- impression that it is straying into areas sible veto of – decisions in the field. that are rightly the jurisdiction of other To help address these and other soci- committees. WG 4 is therefore urgently About the author etal issues related to nanotechnologies reviewing its role and deliberating on the – and specifically to consider their impli- need for generic versus material-specific Dr. Peter Hatto cations for standards development – the standards. These deliberations were ex- has been Chair of committee has established a task group pected to culminate in recommendations ISO/TC 229, Nano- on societal and consumer dimensions of to the TC for consideration at its Decem- technologies, since nanotechnologies. ber 2010 meeting in Malaysia. it was established One issue of particular interest to con- in June 2005, and Sustainability and societal sumers is the identification of products is also Chair of the issues containing nanomaterials. The commit- equivalent Euro- tee has been working closely with the pean technical committee, CEN/TC 352. In addition to the formal work of stand- European Committee for Standardization He has been Chair of the British Stan- ards development, the committee has (CEN) committee for nanotechnologies, dards Institution committee in the area recognized the special contribution that CEN/TC 352, using the Vienna Agree- since its inception more than six years nanotechnologies could make to sustain- ment, to develop a TS providing guidance ago. Dr. Hatto is Director of Research ability by establishing a task group to : on appropriate labelling of such products, for IonBond Ltd, a leading producer of recommend how standardization might which is currently under ballot. advanced, thin film, ceramic coatings.

18 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 Hydrogen roll-out

can result from a proliferation of differing regional and national standards, and Deploying an automotive regulations that reference them, instead of international standards of the type devel- and fuelling infrastructure oped by ISO and its partners.

ISO standards can make by Randy Dey a significant difference. ISO plays an important role in the development of International Standards for hydrogen technologies through ISO technical com- In the field of hydrogen technologies, Hydrogen technologies the availability of ISO standards can mittee ISO/TC 197, , in which 20 countries make a significant difference for a large participate, with another 15 as observers. Its comprehensive work number of stakeholders, namely the man- programme covers standards for infrastructure, automotive, trans- ufacturers who will be able to compete on portable and portable hydrogen applications. This article focuses on many more markets around the world, the governments, who will benefit from the the ISO/TC 197 activities, which are aimed at facilitating the de- technological and scientific bases under- ployment of a safe and efficient infrastructure for hydrogen-powered pinning health, safety and environmental road vehicles and their fuelling by 2015. legislation, developing countries, which will have access to an important source of technological know-how and the consumers that will be given the assurance of ISO and world trade relevance, coherence, and addressing the the quality, safety and reliability of these concerns of developing countries. new technologies. ISO International Standards are de- ISO together with the International veloped using the core principles of the Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles World Trade Organization’s Agreement the International Telecommunication Un- on Technical Barriers to Trade (WTO ion (ITU) have built a strategic partner- In terms of market entry, some hy- TBT) : transparency, openness, impar- ship with the WTO. This partnership aims drogen technologies are getting close to tiality and consensus, effectiveness and to avoid technical barriers to trade, which commercialization with the roll-out of

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 19 Special Report hydrogen fuel cell vehicles expected to gain momentum around 2015. To ensure the smooth operation of the hun- dreds of thousands vehicles forecast, ISO/TC 197 is developing the standards described below : • Hydrogen fuel quality specification is covered by ISO technical specification ISO/TS 14687:2008. Work continues to define contaminants, including their measurement and monitoring using practical sampling and test methods • Fuelling connectors – ISO 17268:2006 defines 25 MPa (Megapascal) and 35 MPa refuelling connectors. It is being revised to define the 70 MPa refuelling connectors • On-board hydrogen storage tanks for both gaseous and liquid hydrogen are addressed, respec- hazardous locations. It is also working ISO 16110:2010 for hydrogen genera- tively, in ISO/TS 15869:2009 and to define the requirements applicable tors using fuel processing technologies ISO 13985:2006 to the compressor and dispensing • Stationary storage – Work has been system, including the preparation of launched to define requirements of a dispenser protection table which composite and metal hydrogen storage ISO plays an important identifies the safeguards necessary containers that will be used in station- role for hydrogen for possible equipment malfunction. ary applications (ISO 15399). technologies. Through these measures, the standard will address the safety of users and Road to the future protection of the downstream equip- Through the work of ISO/TC 197, ISO • Hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS) ment on the vehicles is preparing the way for the upcoming in- To support the development of the • Hydrogen sensors – ISO 16142:2010 ternational deployment of hydrogen fuel hydrogen refuelling infrastructure, a covers the performance requirements cell vehicles and the fuelling infrastruc- number of major companies signed the of hydrogen detection apparatus used ture anticipated in 2015. The input and hydrogen mobility initiative in Sep- in stationary applications participation of all stakeholders – includ- tember 2009. ISO/TC 197 is working • Hydrogen generators – Two ing manufacturers, regulators and users – to support this infrastructure through standards are already available to to this work will ensure that innovation the development of ISO 20100, Gase- support onsite hydrogen produc- in the sector is translated into safe and ous hydrogen – Fuelling stations tion at refuelling facilities. They efficient products and services which are Working group WG 11 is looking are ISO 22734:2008 for hydrogen available in time to serve the market.  specifically at separation distances and generators using water electrolysis and About the author

Randy Dey is President of the CCS Global Group, a strategy consulting company established in 1977. He is an expert in international regulations, codes and standards (RCS) development, harmonization and compliance with a focus on hydrogen, fuel cell and other sustainable energy technologies. Mr. Dey holds leadership positions in several RCS forums including chair of ISO/TC 197 on hydrogen technologies. Email : [email protected]

20 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 No melt miracle Welding industry turns high-tech by David R. Bolser • No filler metal is required • The weight of the joint is reduced elding processes are integral to the fabrication of engineered me- compared with current joining meth- W ods (for example, fasteners) th tallic structures. Throughout much of the second half of the 20 centu- • Welding skills are not required ry, fusion welding – where fusion is obtained by the melting of metal – • The process is automatic and highly dominated the welding of large structures. But in 1991, Wayne Thomas repeatable at TWI – an independent research and technology organization based • Dissimilar aluminium alloys can be in Cambridge, United Kingdom – invented friction stir welding (FSW), welded which is carried out entirely in the solid phase, without melting. • Inert gas shielding is not required for FSW aluminium. The increased use of FSW has created During the traverse, softened metal is the need for a standard to ensure that transferred from the leading edge of the Boeing’s strategic choice tool to the trailing edge. There, the sof- welding is carried out in the most effec- The Boeing Company builds Delta tened metal is forged by the tool’s shoulder tive manner, and that appropriate controls rockets, some of which contain cylindri- and the probe, creating a solid-phase bond are in place to cover all aspects of the cal, aluminium fuel tanks constructed of between the two metal parts. The metallic operation. ISO 25239, comprised of five curved panels. For years, the panels were parts must be clamped onto a backing bar parts under the title, Friction stir weld- welded together with traditional gas metal to prevent the abutting joint faces from being – Aluminium, is being developed to arc welding. But this process can cause ing forced apart by the probe. address this need. Its publication is slated gas pores to form as the material solidi- The advantages of FSW include : for the third quarter of 2011. fies, and if the pores are large enough, The FSW community welcomed the • The metal being welded does not melt the weld can be rejected when it is ra- announcement of the publication of ISO • The welded part distorts very little, diographically inspected. A rejected weld 25239 because it showed the FSW process and there is very little residual stress normally must be repaired. has matured, and is now accepted by In- • The mechanical properties of the fric- ternational Standards organizations. The tion stir weld approach those of the Friction stir welding adoption of FSW in standards represents a parent material significant leap in the technology readiness softens the metal joint • No fumes or spatter are produced level (TRL) of the technique and its ability • Once the welding parameters are de- without melting. to move into production. veloped, no porosity or defects of any kind occur in the weld metal How it works Because of the high cost of weld repair, as well as the negative impact on the construc- In friction stir welding, a cylindri- tion schedule, Boeing decided to replace gas cal tool with a profiled probe rotates and metal arc welding with friction stir welding. slowly plunges into the joint line be- Since the metal does not melt during FSW, tween two abutted pieces of metal (see no gas pores form in the welds. Figure 1 on next page). Friction generates With defect-free welds, the require- heat between the wear-resistant welding tool ment for radiographic inspection was and the metal being welded. This heat causes eliminated soon after FSW was intro- the metal to soften, but not melt, and allows Boeing uses FSW to assemble fuel tanks for duced. Since fully implementing FSW, the tool to traverse along the joint line. its Delta rockets. more than 8 900 meters of friction stir

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 21 Special Report

welding procedure prior to the release of the WPS to actual production. This ISO standard defines these rules • Part 5 : Quality and inspection requirements, specifies a method to determine the capability of a manufacturer to use the FSW process for the production of aluminium products of a specified quality. It defines specific quality requirements but does not assign those requirements to any specific product group. The International Institute of Welding (IIW) is recognized by ISO as a No fail approach standardization body. Its highly referenced collection of standards is acknowledged by technical experts worldwide. The flexible internal To be effective, welded structures should organization in working groups allows for quick development of innovative be free from serious problems in production and in service. This requires controls standards, with a transversal collaboration of scientific and industrial from the design phase through material se- 1) experts from a variety of sectors . lection, fabrication, and inspection. For example, a poor design may cre- 1) The Welding Institute (TWI) and The Boeing Company are thanked for their involvement in ate serious and costly difficulties in the the project as for authorization to use copyrighted photos in this article. The author and the IIW express their gratitude to Mr. Richard Freeman from TWI for his collaboration to this article. workshop, on site, or in service. Incorrect material selection may result in welding problems such as cracking. welds have been made without defects. • Part 2 : Design of weld joints, presents Welding procedures must be correctly More importantly, the Delta rockets have the design requirements for friction formulated and approved to avoid imperfec- had some 73 successful missions with stir weld joints in aluminium tions. To ensure the fabrication of a quality friction stir welded joints. product, management should understand the sources of potential trouble and introduce ap- Aluminium focused The International Institute of propriate quality and inspection procedures. Welding has prepared the Supervision should be implemented to ensure that the specified quality is achieved. ISO 25239 focuses on the friction stir first standards series for an welding of aluminium because the major- When Hamlet said the following, he ity of commercial applications for FSW innovative welding process. exquisitely summarized the unknowns involved aluminium at the time the stand- that remain when humans think they un- ard was created. Examples include rail- derstand a complex situation : “ There are way cars, consumer products, food pro- • Part 3 : Qualification of welding op- more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, cessing equipment, aerospace structures, erators, specifies the requirements for than are dreamt of in your philosophy ”. and marine vessels. the qualification of an FSW operator But, what neither Horatio nor Hamlet The ISO 25239 standard comprises working with aluminium dreamt of was that FSW would be one of five parts : • Part 4 : Specification and qualification those “ things ”. FSW has walked to the • Part 1 : Vocabulary, presents terms of welding procedures, specifies the precipice of ISO standardization, ready to and definitions specific to FSW requirements for welding procedures leap into the arms of expectant users, all for FSW with aluminium. A weld- over the world.  Sufficient downward force to consolidate ing procedure specification (WPS) is the weld needed to provide a basis for planning Retreating welding operations and for quality About the author side of weld control. Welding is considered a special Leading edge Advancing process in the terminology of standards David R. Bolser of the shoulder side of weld for quality systems. Standards for qual- holds a BSc in ity systems usually require that special Psychology and processes be carried out in accordance an MSc in Wel- with written procedure specifications. ding Engineering Metallurgical deviations constitute from Ohio State a special problem. Because non-de- University in the structive evaluation of the mechanical USA. For the past Trailing edge of the properties is impossible at the present 30 years, Mr. Bolser has contributed shoulder level of non-destructive technology, to the development and fabrication of Probe this has resulted in the establishment aerospace structures made from titanium, Figure 1 : Friction stir welding in action. of a set of rules for qualification of the stainless steel and aluminium alloys.

22 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 3D Manufacturing In comes maturing laser sintering by Sylvia Monsheimer and Ralf Tuellmann

A new kind of plastic processing technology, dubbed “ additive fabrication ” or “ additive manufacturing ”, is used to produce real three-dimensional parts without requiring a tool as in injection moulding or extrusion. As a result the technology is increasingly having a major impact on the innovation, design and manufacturing practices in a rapidly growing number of companies.

Characteristics of additive fabrication Each process has different advantages time of a car model, but also for a lengthy include : and disadvantages, and each is suited to period after the end of production. • Material is added to build the part (in producing parts for certain applications. Another potential application for ad- contrast to processes such as computer Additive fabrication no longer refers only ditive fabrication is the production of numerical controlled (CNC) machin- to prototyping ; there are a number of in- parts that can be individualized through ing, where material is removed) teresting fields where these new processes digital data handling at far lower produc- have great value. tion costs than earlier methods. These • The process works in layers (using applications were not commercially vi- fluids, sheets, powder, or filaments) able in the past due to high tooling costs • The process is automated Additive fabrication or manual costs. Successful examples • The process is flexible from batch to no longer refers only are dental crowns and bridges, which are batch (a part can be updated or opti- to prototyping. produced by metal laser sintering, and mized with only digital changes) hearing aids which can be adapted to the • The process is based on three-dimen- shapes of individual ears. sional data of the model. Parts on demand Additive fabrication is developed An obvious example is the production of from rapid prototyping, and covers sev- spare parts on demand, which represents eral different approaches, including : se- enormous potential cost savings for the lective laser sintering (SLS, LS as shown automotive industry (see Figure 3 on next in Figures 1 and 2), fused deposition page), as well as in other sectors. Auto modeling (FDM), 3D-printing, and ste- manufacturers guarantee supplies of spare reo lithography (SLA). parts not only during the production life-

Figure 2 : Evonik’s laser sintering plant in

Laser Marl, Germany. Scanner system scanning direction Laser beam Laser Pre-placed Additive fabrication can also make Sintered powder bed Roller (green state) Powder Fabrication powder particles possible the production of parts that pre- powder bed (brown state) Laser sintering delivery Object being viously could not be made at all due to system fabricated technical limitations. This could include parts with inner structures or undercuts, or integration of individual parts into a more complicated whole. Of particular interest here is the pro- Unsintered material in previous layers duction of small series of plastic parts, Powder delivery piston Fabrication piston where the price of fabricating the tool is Figure 1 : The principle of additive manufacturing on the example of laser sintering, in which a often too high in relation to the number laser is used to build parts, layer by layer, based on a computer model. of parts to be produced. Trends favouring

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 23 Special Report smaller series, individualization and prototyping, and the industry faces obsta- lighter structures underline the need for cles due to a lack of applicable standards. additive manufacturing technology. As with injection moulding, certain rules are required to be able to produce test spec- Commercial considerations imen while maintaining comparability. Laser sintering is among the most com- Comparability guarantees mercially advanced technologies able to address these application requirements. Originally used primarily in rapid pro- This technique uses a high-power laser to totyping, laser sintering has become one fuse small particles of plastic, metal, ce- of the most important additive manufac- ramic or glass powders into a mass with a turing methods. This development has desired three-dimensional shape. created an urgent need for material data One important advantage in comparison to characterize the physical behaviour of to other additive manufacturing processes the finished parts. is that no support structure is needed dur- It is also clear that material proper- ing the build process, because the sur- ties tested with specimens derived from rounding un-sintered powder supports the processes such as injection or compres- structure. This makes it possible to build sion moulding cannot qualify the mate- multiple parts in layers, avoiding manual rial behaviour of a laser-sintered part. In work to remove support structures. particular, mechanical properties differ Another advantage is that part proper- significantly. ties for a polyamide are comparable to Engineers appreciate the design free- those produced by injection moulding, dom associated with this new method, but The FinGripper of Festo AG & Co. KG, making the parts reliable and reproduc- they also need reliable, comparable and Esslingen, which specializes in automation meaningful material data. engineering. Produced by selective laser ible (Figure 4). sintering, the FinGripper is light, flexible and Nevertheless the requirements for a adaptable. Like the human hand, it adjusts production process are very different than itself to the shape of the object to be gripped, Engineers appreciate which allows fast and safe handling of ripe fruit, bulbs and pressure-sensitive foods. The Cost per unit the design freedom FinGripper is produced by applying layers associated with of polyamide powder 0.1 millimeters thick on top of each other and selectively melting them Injection moulding laser sintering. by laser. The result, after cooling, is a solid component (Photo : Festo AG & Co).

For polymer materials, ISO technical Additive manufacturing committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, main- Material-specific conditions tains several standards aimed at guaran- ISO 27547-1:2010, Plastics – Prepa- teeing comparability and reliability of ration of test specimens of thermoplastic characterizing data as well as reproduc- Number of units materials using mouldless technologies – ibility of test methods. These standards Part 1 : General principles, and laser sin- Figure 3 : Additive manufacturing describe test methods, specimen types technologies are significantly more economical tering of test specimens, is considered to and shapes, specimen preparation meth- for low-volume production than injection be the first of a series on the subject, since moulding, which is cost-effective only for ods and material standards with specific laser sintering is not the only method for mass production due to the high cost of the parameters for specimen preparation. additive manufacturing. mould. The minimum piece count required All these ISO standards are interrelat- before injection moulding begins offering cost ISO 27547-1 describes the process of ed, creating a system that guarantees the advantages depends on the size and complexity laser sintering with general remarks in the of the part to be produced and the mould. comparability of material properties. introduction and scope, as well as a definition of all parameters necessary for the Parameter set 3 preparation of specimens. These include Parameter Parameter (same as Parameter Test method laser power, beam radius, laser speed, set 1 set 2 set 1, but upright orientation) powder dispenser speed, powder temper- Density g/cm³ 0.91 0.9 0.91 atures, preheating time and more. Modulus of Typical terms such as contour, hatch, MPa DIN 53457 1872 1919 1921 elasticity layer thickness, specimen orientation and Tensile specimen position are defined. MPa DIN 53455 49 48 49 strength Preparation of specimens according to Elongation % DIN 53455 18.2 8.4 7.0 ISO 27547-1 must take into consideration certain material-specific parameters : Figure 4 : Depending on the parameter set, tests on the same part can yield differing values and make evaluation more difficult. Standards should improve this situation. • Laser power used when hatching

24 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 The intake manifold for the Evonik-sponsored Lotus racing car was produced by laser sintering from polyamide 12 powder. The geometry of the intake manifold – a three-dimensional, curved, elliptical tube – cannot be produced by conventional metal processing methods or by injection moulding.

• Laser power used when producing the ISO 1872, Polyethylene moulding and ex- ods with an eye toward international and contour trusion materials. European standards. The group is aware • Beam travel speed when hatching This is the first time ISO has standardized of ISO 27547-1 and acknowledges this alternative specimen preparation methods standard by citing it in the guidelines. • Beam travel speed when producing the With this new standard, vendors of la- contour without violating the established system of comparability guarantees in ISO/TC 61. ser sintering equipment now have clear • Layer thickness guidelines to set up their machines for • Lowest polymer temperature (at the Outlook and uptake manufacturing parts and preparing speci- beginning of the laser sintering) mens in the same unit.  • Overall temperature in the specimen Since 2008, a workgroup of the German preparation chamber. Society of Engineers (VDI) has worked on development of a general standardi- These material-specific parameters zation concept for additive manufactur- will be specified in Part 2 of material ing methods, including laser sintering. standards such as ISO 1874, Polyamide This group has prepared a set of German moulding and extrusion materials, and guidelines regarding laser sintering to be published in 2010, and has begun setting up an international standardization concept for additive manufacturing meth-

Making a statement with lighting : the Tulip. MGX light from Materialise has the kind of delicate hollow structures that can only be created by additive manufacturing (Photo : MGX by Materialise).

About the authors

Sylvia Monsheimer Ralf Tuellmann is responsible for is Senior Manager global market of the Polymer development of Testing Group for additive manufac- Evonik Degussa turing for Evonik’s GmbH in Marl, High Performance Germany. He is Polymers business also active as the line. She holds a German delegate The Faltstuhl One_Shot.MGX foldable stool, produced in a single piece by selective laser degree in construction engineering, and to ISO/TC 61, Plastics, and ISO/TC 138, sintering by Materialise N.V. Headquartered has more than 10 years of experience Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the in Leuven, Belgium, the company specializes in powder development and application transport of fluids. in rapid-prototyping technologies. The chair engineering for selective laser sintering E-mail : [email protected] is on display, among other places, at the Museum of Modern Art in New York and other tool-free processes. E-mail : (Photo : MGX by Materialise). [email protected]

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 25 Just think !

In today’s inter-connected world, International Standards can provide harmonized solutions to global challenges that are too large for any one company to solve on its own. New industries rely on ISO standards to open up markets and speed progress by disseminating innovative solutions, including to developing countries, so that all can share on the benefits.

Product added-value : There is no doubt that we need technology, new processes and new products. We need innovation to secure green growth and a better distribution of health care. ISO and the international standardization community play a vital role in making this happen.

Trond Giske, Norway’s Minister of Trade and Industry

Prof. Øystein Fischer, Director and Founder of MaNEP’s (Materials with novel electronic properties) International best practice : National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR). Standardization is the path that brings increased visibility and recognition to advanced technologies. It offers an opportunity to develop a consensus based solution where user needs are addressed.

Karen Higginbottom, Chair of ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.

Consensus-building : One of the first requirements when embarking on a new technology domain is clear agreement on a common vocabulary, particularly where it impacts and is impacted by different disciplines, Product added-value : as is the case with nanotechnology. There is no doubt that we need technology, new Dr. Peter Hatto, Chair of ISO/TC 229, processes and new products. We need innovation Nanotechnologies. to secure green growth and a better distribution of health care. ISO and the international standardization community play a vital role in making this happen.

Trond Giske, Norway’s Minister of Trade and Industry Standards in action : We are exploring implementation of video signature tools, based on ISO/IEC 15938-3:2002/Amd 4, Video signature tools, (MPEG-7), as a cost-efficient solution to help dramatically reduce copyright infringement.

Kota Iwamoto, Assistant Manager at Information and Media Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation. Customer satisfaction : ISO standards can make a significant difference for a large number of stakeholders, namely the manufacturers who will be able to compete on many more markets around the world.

Randy Dey, Chair of ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 27 Special Report

At any station Every PEV needs to be able to charge at SmartCharge any station, and that means that infrastructure systems must be standardized – from Electric vehicles and the grid the plug to the capabilities of the electrical vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). To keep development costs as low as possible, vehicle manufacturers operating in global markets clearly need worldwide solutions, both in the vehicle and in the charging infrastructure. This calls for an unam- biguously specified standard, especially for region-wide interoperability between PEVs and charge spots such as petrol stations.

Drivers of plug-in electric vehicles will require widespread availability of charging infrastructure.

Successful market introduction of electric vehicles requires introduction of diagnostic features, especially for new by Werner Preuschoff and Christoph Saalfeld components such as the high voltage-battery, the electric motor and the onboard n an era of dwindling fossil fuel resources and rising concerns about charger. SmartCharge communication of- I fers simple solutions to these needs. air pollution and climate change, electric vehicles offer considerable promise for improved transportation efficiency – perhaps most promi- Interface requirements nently in urban settings. The requirements for an intelligent charging interface that enables integration of bat- To meet that promise, drivers of plug- energy demand and response negotiation, tery electric vehicles into the grid require- in electric vehicles (PEVs) will require exchange of local limits and grid load ments can be divided into three use-cases : widespread availability of charging in- levelling. In addition to these basic func- frastructure, and standardization has a tions, SmartCharge enables potential val- • Optimized charging and intelligent central role to play in bringing this about. ue-added services, providing customers load management Although some drivers will be able to re- with additional information and experi- • Payment and billing charge their PEVs at home overnight or ences while charging their PEVs. • Value added services. at work during the day, “ home ” will be kerbside on a city street for many others. To meet the needs of all users, the indus- Automatic • Automatic cashless payment via contract-ID (like cell phones) • Accessibility to all public charging stations (roaming) try must develop intelligent load manage- payment and ment systems and convenient, automatic • Safe and private payment through public/private key security billing payment and billing procedures for large • Automatic billing numbers of PEVs in small areas. SmartCharge communication, a new • Energy costs optimized charging, e.g. using night rates technology developed to address these • Improve battery life through intelligent charging (states of needs, is employed in the smart fortwo Optimized charge, state of health, temperature) subcompact car and the Mercedes-Benz charging • Grid and energy mix (green) optimized charging (certificates) Vito E-CELL delivery van. Smart and • Intelligent load management (esp. for EV-Fleets) Mercedes are brands owned by Germa- • Mobile access to important vehicle parameters (state ny’s Daimler AG. of charge, range, charging profile, location) SmartCharge communication between Comfort • Remote control of charging parameters, online tracking an intelligent PEV and its pendant in the services of contract/payment information charging infrastructure provides features • Remote diagnostics (service information) Software download (z.B. GPS/POIs) such as authentication, pricing categories, • automated payment, billing, transactions, SmartCharging use-cases.

28 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 The PEV can even feedback electricity charged with renewable energy during 1,4 kW 14h 38h off-peak times back into the grid during 2,3 kW 8h 23h peak times. These use-cases, known as wind-to-ve- 7,7 kW 2,5h 7h hicle (W2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G), 44 kW 30 min. 1,2h require intelligent integration of PEVs into the grid with several services : Charging time in relation to given charging power. • Tariff tables • Availability of renewable energy Optimized and intelligent sources charging • Grid overload information Charging a battery electric vehicle • Planned departure time with a standard two to three kW onboard • Bi-directional charging (including charger (which takes six to eight hours), refund). draws an additional load equivalent to the average energy demand of a single-family Intelligent load management is mandato- home. Without intelligent charging func- ry with the increased electrification of com- tionality, the charging process starts im- mercial electric vehicles and vans. Because mediately when the vehicle is plugged in. these vehicles will tend to charge at similar Payment and billing Payment and billing services play an 1 000 important role in avoiding micro-pay- ments, whether with coins, credit cards or 800 RFID cards. Given the potentially large percentage of household with an electric vehicule number of energy providers and charge 80 % 600 (15 000km p.a.,200Wh/km) station operators, customer acceptance 40 % would be reduced by the burden of re- 20 % 400 10 % quiring separate contracts. The ability to Power [W] Power 05 % “ roam ”, as commonly practiced today standard load profile 200 with cell phones, needs to be implemented 3 persons/household for automatic payment and billing without national or regional complications. 0 At the charge spot, component and 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00 maintenance costs can be reduced if the Time infrastructure avoids : • Credit-card readers Optimized grid utilization. • Coin validators

The term “ fast charging ” (charging times on the same grid transformer, this • RFID-readers power of 22 - 43 kW that reduces charg- functionality will be required to prevent lo- • Displays ing times to less than 1 hour) refers to cal grid imbalances or transformer overload. • Keypads. load levelling, and delayed charging functionality to shift demand from on- peak to off-peak. That means that the charging process does not necessarily start immediately when plugging into the infrastructure, but depends on the following variables : • Planned departure time • Electricity price • Availability of green/renewable energy (e.g. night-time wind energy) • Charge time shift form on-peak to off- peak windows (e.g. late night instead of evening). Status information such as state of charge, range and end of charge.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 29 More than 100 participants are involved in the JWG, with active collaboration from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), electric utilities and grid operators, as well as information and communication technology (ICT) companies. This broad collaboration aims to produce a standard with acceptance and input from many industries and countries, leading to accelerated implementation. Four project teams are working on de- Web interface with charge-spot locations. fining solutions for individual open sys-

SmartCharge communication (SCC) Remote customer service (RCS) Payment Charge status & information

Plug’n charge (automatic payment) Provide customer with charge Roaming and utility independent status contracting Value-added services Contract data configuration Running bill (power theft Support in public & private charge recognition). Beyond normal charging communica- scenarios Safety & security Multi-language support, tion, a variety of value-added services can Connect or locking exchangeable user interfaces and be implemented : Secure communications. support of mobile devices. • Reading vehicle status information, Charge optimization Vehicle settings such as state of charge, range, charge Time-shifted charging (departure time) Vehicle diagnostics profile and current position of the Tariff optimization Extended usage statistics. Support of grid load leveling vehicle. This information can be ac- Personal administration cessed via Internet devices such as Battery optimization Controlling energy Web browsers and smart phones Bidirectional charging. • Remote access (pre-conditioning) of the vehicle, including cabin temperature, departure time and charge profile Overview of the SmartCharge communication use-cases. • Diagnostics and software downloads such as navigation points of interest. tems interconnection (OSI) layers for the SmartCharge communication protocol Customer acceptance stack. A fifth project team ensures that aspects such data security, authenticity would be reduced by and privacy are sufficiently considered the burden of requiring across the OSI layers. This is necessary separate contracts because communication between a PEV and an EVSE can be standardized, but the Implementation of remote customer service on infrastructure IT systems used by utility smart phones. SmartCharge communication was ini- tially presented to ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, SC 3, Electrical and electronic PLC = Power line carrier RCD = Remote connect/disconnect equipment, WG 1, Data communica- Pilot signal-, tion, in 2008, and a new work item pro- communication- posal was initiated requesting the crea- controller power grid tion of a common standard for vehicles and infrastructure. ISO/TC 22 then es- PLC tablished a joint working group (JWG) PLC vehicle-to-grid – communication inter- RCD Charger face, between ISO and IEC, with representation from the automotive industry as well as utility companies and energy suppliers. Figure 1 : Private or public charging equipment with dedicated SmartCharging implementation.

30 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 PLC = Power line carrier DSL = Digital subscriber line RCD = Remote connect/disconnect Internet

Detached central Main power distribution charge controller PLC DSL PLC EVU Communication distribution grid Circuit companies and energy suppliers differ controller breaker greatly. Various security measures must be applied on the application layer (e.g. for contract data authenticity), while other security threats can be handled on the transport layer (TLS encryption to prevent sniffing and replay). This structured approach led to a de- PLC cision to divide the new document into PLC two parts. ISO/IEC 15118-1, describes the background information and use- PLC Control pilot cases that must be addressed by the tech- PLC handling nical protocol definition, while ISO/IEC PLC 15118-2 contains the actual protocol, including messages, protocol sequences Charger RCD and the power-line communication technology. To allow the expert groups to Mode 3 wallbox work independently, it was later decided Figure 2 : Charging of PEV fleets with centralised charging intelligence. to move the physical and data link layer description (PLC technology) into a sep- The draft version of the SmartCharg- cated charging equipment (see Figure 1), as arate document. ing protocol standard will be available well as to support efficient installation for by the middle of 2011, aiming for com- charging of fleets of PEVs (see Figure 2). pletion in mid-2012. Another current discussion revolves The ultimate goal is to define a standard around how DC-charging requirements that supports a scalable approach to be im- can also be covered in ISO/IEC 15118 in plemented in public charging infrastructure order to re-use as much as possible of the and home-charging installations with dedi- protocol stack. 

About the authors

Werner Preuschoff Christoph Saalfeld is Senior Manager, is Manager of the Vehicle Diagnostics Onboard-Diagnos- and SmartCharging tics team in Group in Group Research Research and and Advanced Engi- Advanced Engi- neering at Daimler neering, Daimler AG, Boeblingen, AG, Boeblingen, Germany. He is Germany. He is the responsible for diagnostic communica- convenor of ISO/TC 22/SC 3/JWG 1 (JWG tion protocols as well as vehicle-to-grid V2G CI), and he also leads ISO/TC 22/SC communication interfaces for e-mobility 3/WG 1/TF 3, which specifies ISO13400, projects (SmartCharge Communication). Diagnostics over IP, and ISO 27145, World He is an active member of ISO/TC 22/ Wide Harmonized OBD (WWH-OBD). SC 3/WG 1, Data Communication. His team is responsible for developing and integrating SmartCharge communication into Mercedes-Benz PEVs. In addition, he leads the new joint ISO/IEC vehicle-to-grid taskforce developing ISO/IEC 15118.

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People and places 2 electronically ISO Members

process International Standards in from 1 to 31 October 2010 3 tered Committee Drafts (CD) regis 4 The ISO Update, a d Standards (DIS) circulate Draft International 8 (FDIS) circulated Final draft International Standards 10 ed Standards publish 12 monthly supplement rmed Standards con 14

Standards withdrawn 14 Meeting calendar to ISO Focus+ otherwise known as the yellow pages due to the colour of the paper it is printed on, can now be ac- cessed electronically (PDF) in both Eng- lish www.iso.org/isoupdate and French www.iso.org/fr/isoupdate. The ISO Update informs about the latest developments in the ISO world, including ISO member bodies’ CEO and Concrete committee holds plenary in Cartagena, Colombia. address changes, draft standards under circulation, as well as newly published, sectors, state and nongovernmental organi- quakes, hurricanes and day to day use. They confirmed or withdrawn standards. It zations. Among these organizations was the are also applied for quality control of con- also includes a list of upcoming technical Center of International Law of Presiden- crete material, incorporating the most ad- committee plenary meetings. tial Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, vanced techniques from the standardization The ISO Update will no longer be avail- Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, the committees of five continents. Ultimately, able in print. Judiciary, Iran Environmental Protecting the application of ISO/TC 71 standards en- Organization, Ministry of Interior, Minis- sures optimized and efficient construction Iran explores social responsibility try of Industries and Mines, Industrial and for long-lasting and safe structures. Manufacturer Companies, Inspection Bod- The plenary was held in the frame of the A national social responsibility (SR) ies, Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries 2010 Colombian concrete meeting – an ac- workshop was held in July 2010 in Teh- and Mines, Quality Management Society ademic and commercial event organized by ran, Iran, hosted by ISIRI, the ISO member of Iran, Customer Protecting Organization, the Colombian Association of Producers of for the country. The workshop focused on National Iranian Productivity Center, uni- Certified Concrete (ASOCRETO). numerous subjects, including a description versity instructors and organizations. of ISO 26000 on social responsibility, its To acquaint experts and stakeholders Consensus and new work advantages and application by public and with ISO 26000, the ISIRI SR working on terminology private organizations. group forwarded a report on to the coun- Participants were divided into groups try’s ministries. It was intended to inform In operation for over 60 years, the ISO to discuss and exchange procedures for and introduce the standard to their sub or- technical committee on terminology and adopting International Standards as na- ganizations. The report was also sent to all other language and content resources (ISO/ tional ones. Among the comments that national scientific, manufacturing, trade TC 37) held its 21st annual meeting in Au- emerged was the power of ISO 26000 to union and industrial organizations to in- gust 2010. Hosted by the National Standards create a positive image for organizations form their bodies. Authority of Ireland (NSAI), the meeting and what logistical matters need to be ad- attracted over 100 delegates from about 28 dressed for its successful implementation. Concrete comes to Colombia countries, making it one of the most well at- ISIRI’s interest in SR dates back to 2005 tended ISO/TC 37 meetings in recent years. when it established an SR working group Concrete solutions on key issues were with huge participation from different reached at the 17th plenary of ISO techni- stakeholders including private and public cal committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete. Held in September 2010, in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, the event was successfully hosted by the Colombian Techni- cal Standards Institute (ICONTEC). Over 80 experts from more than 30 countries participated. Among the subjects discussed were the latest developments on simplified design standards, service life design of concrete (durability), grouting and prestressed systems, test methods for concrete, non-traditional reinforced materials, maintenance and repair of concrete structures and progress on environmental management for concrete and concrete structures. The standards developed by ISO/TC 71 help designers of concrete structures to Participants at the workshop on ISO 26000 guarantee that their projects resist through- Participants of the ISO/TC 37 meeting in in Iran. out their lifespan loads produced by earth- Dublin, Ireland.

32 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 Consensus was reached on key standards projects. Notable achievements include progress to the final development stage of various standards for developing terminology databases, frameworks for multilingual information and linguistic annotations, persistent identifiers, and terminological entries in standards across ISO committees. It was also decided that ISO would develop a standard on interpreting services. Chair of ISO/TC 37 Kara Warburton commented on the meeting, “ Organizing such an event is challenging, but NSAI made it look easy ! From helpers wear- ing green T-shirts (who we affectionately called leprechauns), to the well-equipped facilities, friendly hosts, and an amazing dinner and cultural entertainment, it was a stimulating and productive week for everyone.” “ The successful plenary will serve as a springboard for continued progress leading First meeting of project committee ISO/PC 253 in Lisbon, Portugal. to our next annual meeting, which will be held in June 2011 in the Republic of Korea. ” Future outlook highlighted irrigation, took place in Lisbon, Portugal in Denmark in October 2010. Join the STEP community The event hosted by Portugal’s Labo- “ International Standards for the future ” ratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil If you need to understand and use STEP – was the theme of a speech delivered by ISO (LNEC) was attended by some 17 rep- the ISO 10303 standard for product data rep- President Dr. Alan Morrison to the Chairs resentatives from Austria, France, India, resentation and exchange – then this commu- of Danish national mirror committees, dur- Israel, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, and the nity is for you. STEP experts are launching ing a conference hosted by Fonden Dansk United Kingdom. an especially dedicated question and answer Standard in Copenhagen, Denmark in The title (use of treated wastewater in (Q&A) site for professionals, students, engi- September 2010. During his visit, the ISO irrigation), scope and table of contents of neers, researchers, managers, technology ex- President also met with the new CEO of the the future standard were confirmed. The ecutives, etc. The aim is to build a responsive Danish Standards Foundation (ISO mem- committee decided that two face-to-face STEP community where you can solve issues ber for the country), Anne Hasløv Stæhr meetings will take place each year, with and learn about ISO 10303. and the Chair of the Danish Standardiza- Internet-based virtual meetings in between. The community is currently at a stag- tion Policy Forum Annette Dragsdahl. It was estimated that the standard would be ing zone, where a number of “ follow- Dr. Morrison looked at ISO’s vision for published in 2013. ers ” are needed before it can go live at the future, encompassed in the ISO Strate- Next actions include comparison of qual- http://ow.ly/2SI8S. The site is hosted by gic Plan 2011-2015, and highlighted some ity values regarding health and agronomic- Area 51 – the Stack Exchange Network of the initiatives that already demonstrate related parameters in existing regulations where groups of experts come together to ISO’s commitment to its strategic direction and guidelines ; as well as research of com- build new collaboratively edited Q&A sites. and core principles including : a project to mon definitions used in those documents. make standards available in XML, a “ Liv- The project was originally proposed by ing Laboratory ” to optimize the standards Israel who holds the chairmanship of the development process, investment in aware- committee under Jorge Tarchitzky. ness raising communication tools, studies The next meeting will take place in May on the economic benefits of standards, fo- 2011, in Vienna, Austria, followed by an- cus on development countries, etc. other later in the year in Mexico.  “ Lastly, addressing the future means setting targets and measuring progress, ” said Dr. Morrison, referring to ISO’s adoption of a balanced scorecard – a framework for looking at what ISO wants to achieve from the perspective of the customer, including what they want, and the people and skills, process, systems and financial resources that are needed to meet or anticipate their needs.

First meeting of wastewater for irrigation committee The first meeting of new ISO project committee ISO/PC 253, which will devel- ISO President addresses Chairs of Danish op a standard for treated wastewater use in national mirror committees.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 33 Management Solutions

and to enhance customer satisfaction in supplier-customer relationships. ISO 9001 Up to the end of December 2009, at least 1 064 785 ISO 9001 (2000 and 2008) certificates had been issued in 178 countries and economies. The 2009 total rep- × 1 000 000 resents an increase of 81 953 (+8 %) over 2008, when the total was 982 832 in 176 Latest edition of The ISO Survey countries and economies. ISO 14001:2004 by Roger Frost ISO 14001:2004, which gives the requirements for environmental manage- The principal highlights of The ISO Survey of Certifications – ment systems, retains its global relevance 2009, for organizations wishing to operate in an are that ISO 9001, the global benchmark for quality manage- environmentally sustainable manner. ment, has topped one million certifications, and that certifications to ISO 22000:2005 for food safety management systems, and to Certifications to ISO/IEC 27001:2005 for information security management systems ISO 22000 and ISO/IEC have rocketed. 27001 have rocketed.

ISO comments in the introduction to The increasing importance organiza- the survey that the 8 % increase in ISO tions give to information security was Up to the end of December 2009, at 9001 certificates, compared with the 3 % demonstrated by the 40 % increase in least 223 149 ISO 14001:2004 certifi- increase in 2008, “ confirms the impor- ISO/IEC 27001 certifications which cates had been issued in 159 countries tance of ISO 9001 in the global supply reached 12 934 in 117 countries. and economies. Annual growth is stabi- chains and as the pioneering model on lized at almost the same level as in 2008 which subsequent management system 1993 to 2009 figures – 34 334 in 2009, compared to 34 242 in standards have been built and flourish ”. 2008, when the total was 188 815 in 155 ISO Secretary-General Rob Steele com- Safe food supply chains are a global countries and economies. priority. ISO 22000:2005 certifications ments : “ Each year, the release of the latest ISO Survey is an eagerly awaited event as reached at least 13 881 certificates in 127 ISO/TS 16949 countries and economies – a rise of 69 %. the primary source of information on the importance of ISO’s management system ISO/TS 16949 (certifications to 2002 and standards to the global economy. For the 2009 editions cumulated) gives the require- first time, the new edition is being pub- ments for the application of ISO 9001:2000 lished on a CD-ROM containing Excel by suppliers in the automotive sector. Up to files of the surveys from the first in 1993 the end of December 2009, at least 41 240 The ISO Survey is made available on this CD For the first time, up to the end of 2009. Making this data ISO/TS 16949:2002 certificates had been as an electronic database including certification data from the first available in one place will facilitate com- survey in 1993 up to the end of 2009. The information provided issued in 83 countries and economies. ????? ???? includes the number of certificates worldwide, by region, by country parison and extrapolation and make the and by industrial sector. Data, where available, on the following The ISO Survey survey an even more useful business tool ”. standards is included: ISO 9001:(2000 and 2008), ISO 14001:2004 ISO 13485:2003 for environmental management systems, ISO/TS 16949:(2002 and NEW of Certifications 2009), ISO 13485:2003, ISO/IEC 27001:2005 and ISO 22000:2005. Includes data from ISO 9001 ISO 13485:2003 gives quality manage- 1993 to 2009 2009 ment requirements for the medical device ISO 9001 (certifications to 2000 and sector for regulatory purposes. Up to the 2008 editions cumulated) which end of December 2009, at least 16 424 gives the requirements for ISO 13485:2003 certificates had been is- quality management sued in 90 countries and economies. The systems, is now 2009 total represents an increase of 3 190 firmly established (+24 %) over 2008 when the total was as the globally 13 234 in 88 countries and economies. implemented standard for ISO/IEC 27001:2005 providing assurance about ISO/IEC 27001:2005 gives the require- the ability to ments for information security manage- ® Microsoft Office Excel required. satisfy qual- ment systems. At the end of 2009, at least

34 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010

Label CD - ISO Survey 2009.indd 1 had been issued in 117 countries and economies. The 2009 total represents an increase of 3 688 (+40 %) over 2008 when the total ISO/IEC 27001 was 9 246 in 82 countries and economies. ISO 22000:2005 for SMEs ISO 22000:2005 gives the requirements for food safety management systems. Up to the end of December 2009, at least Handbook on information security 13 881 ISO 22000:2005 certificates had been issued in 127 countries and econo- by Roger Frost mies. The 2009 total represents an increase of 5 675 (+69 %) over 2008 when the total SO and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have was 8 206 in 112 countries and economies. I just launched a new handbook providing practical advice for small Sector breakdowns and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on how to achieve the benefits of implementing an information security management system (ISMS) ISO makes available the principal find- ings of the survey free of charge on the based on the International Standard ISO/IEC 27001. ISO Website. More information, includ- Published in 2005, ISO/IEC 27001 is one ing industry sector breakdowns, can be Sensitive information of the fastest growing management system found in The ISO Survey of Certifications standards, being implemented by thousands Information may concern an organiza- – 2009, on a CD-ROM. It is available of organizations in more than 100 countries. tion’s products, processes or markets. It from ISO national member institutes (see ISO/IEC 27001 for Small Businesses may be sensitive information entrusted by the complete list with contact details at – Practical advice, takes the mystery out the organization’s customers, suppliers www.iso.org/isomembers). of information security and presents a or stakeholders. It may be stored in paper It may also be obtained directly from practical, clearly explained step-by-step form, but is increasingly digital. the ISO Central Secretariat, price 50 Swiss approach for SMEs to implementing an If information is power, then failure francs, through the ISO Store on the ISO ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001. to protect that information can render Website at www.iso.org or by contacting the organization powerless by ruining the Marketing, Communication and Infor- its organization’s reputation, resulting in mation department ([email protected]).  The handbook presents escalating financial losses and wreaking Roger Frost is Head of Communication Services, a practical step-by-step havoc with business operations. ISO Central Secretariat. approach for SMEs. ISO/IEC 27001:2005 specifies the processes for enabling an organization to establish, implement, review and moni- ISO Secretary-General Rob Steele and tor, manage and maintain an effective IEC General Secretary Ronnie Amit com- ISMS. Its implementation will reassure ISO/IEC 27001 ment in the foreword to the handbook : customers and suppliers that information for Small Businesses “ An information security management security is taken seriously within the or- Practical advice system based on ISO/IEC 27001:2005 ganizations they deal with because the can empower the small business to com- latter have in place state-of-the-art pro- pete successfully on today’s globalizing cesses to deal with information security markets. This handbook is intended to threats and issues. provide the key to the door. ” ISO/IEC 27001 for Small Busi- The advice given is based on the prem- nesses – Practical advice, A5 format, ise that information is an asset, which, is printed in English (ISBN 978-92- like other important business assets, adds 67-10517-8, 138 pages) and French value to an organization and consequently (ISBN 978-92-67-20517-5, 142 pages) needs to be protected. Information securi- editions. It is available from ISO na- ty protects information from a wide range tional member institutes (see the of threats in order to ensure business complete list with contact details at continuity, minimize business damage www.iso.org/isomembers). and maximize return on investments and It may also be obtained directly from business opportunities. An ISMS is a sys- the ISO Central Secretariat, through the tematic approach to managing sensitive ISO Store on the ISO Website at www. company information so that it remains iso.org or by contacting the Marketing, secure. It encompasses people, processes Communication and Information depart- and information technology systems. ment ([email protected]).  08.09.2010 10:11:46

ISO 27001-Small Businesses-E-Cover A5.indd 1

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 35 Management Solutions

Since 2008, when the facility began implementing ISO 9001-conforming procedures and process improvements, the average of material waste dropped from 5.9 % to 0.5 %. These improvements include the installation of digital access to the QMS operating procedures on touch pad lap- tops to provide quick and easy access on the production room floor.

Why ISO 9001 ISO Focus+ asked Steve LeBlanc, Managing Director of GPO’s Securi- ISO 9001 “ visa ” ty & Intelligent Documents, to expand on the organization’s ISO 9001 implemen- for US passports tation and certification experiences. The average of material QMS to cover 100 % of printing waste dropped from 5.9 % to 0.5 %. ISO 9001 helped in 2011 us simplify virtually every by Garry Lambert operating procedure. The US Government Printing Office (GPO) has reached what it describes as “ a major milestone in the production of the US passport ”, ISO Focus+ : What were the key reasons for implementing ISO 9001 at GPO, and claimed the world’s most secure document, by achieving ISO 9001 what did you hope to achieve ? quality management system (QMS) certification of the organization’s Steve LeBlanc : We implemented and secure production facility on the grounds of Stennis Space Center in certified to ISO 9001 to create an envi- Mississippi, USA. ronment of process improvement and high process standards, to assure customers that we are making products con- sistently, to raise the quality bar, and be able to show we meet the global standard of excellence. Since GPO opened the Mississippi facility in 2008, employees there have made that facility a model of high standards and high quality manufacturing processes.

ISO Focus+ : Was this a top management decision ? Steve LeBlanc : Yes, it was a top management initiative supported by GPO Public Printer Bob Tapella and myself. We established performance goals for the ISO 9001 implementation process, and set time and resources aside for it.

ISO Focus+ : Did you have to adapt the requirements of ISO 9001 to suit the organization, or was it a good fit ? Steve LeBlanc : We didn’t change any- From left : David Spiers, Passport Manager and Dio Enterline, Foreperson, inspect a passport thing, we implemented ISO 9001 as print sheet produced in conformity with ISO 9001 quality procedures. written. GPO does a monthly review,

36 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 Step two was to identify the big waste one in Washington, DC, which currently leaders, mainly the paper and electronic produces 70 % of the nation’s passports, materials involved in the production of and the other is the ISO 9001-certified passports. unit in Mississippi, run by Passport Manager David Spiers, which covers the ISO Focus+ : Do you intend to extend balance of 30 % of passport output. The ISO 9001 certification further in the or- DC facility is on track to attain the ISO ganization ? 9001 certification in 2011, by which time Steve LeBlanc : GPO’s Security and In- 100 % of US passports will be produced telligent Documents division controls the in conformity with ISO 9001.  production of millions of passports, border crossing cards, and associated docu- Garry Lambert is a British freelance journalist ments each year through two facilities, based in Switzerland.

Steve LeBlanc, GPO’s Managing Director for Security & Intelligent Documents. i.e. following the “ planned intervals ” as requested by the standard, and it fits the business model without change.

ISO Focus+ : Did GPO employees receive training in ISO 9001 requirements and procedures ? Steve LeBlanc : All employees were trained in-house ; we developed our own The US Government Printing Office’s Secure Production Facility in Mississippi, USA, which training modules via steering commit- produces 30 % of the nation’s passports. tees, and also trained our internal audi- tors. Employees were engaged in the About GPO training every step of the way, which was achieved with good will throughout. The GPO is the US Federal Government’s primary centralized resource for gathering, cataloguing, producing, providing, authenticating and preserving published government ISO Focus+ : In addition to installation information in all its forms. of digital access, can you mention other operating procedures that changed as a GPO is responsible for the production and distribution of information products and result of ISO 9001 implementation ? services, and makes government information available at no cost to the public through its Federal Digital System (www.fdsys.gov) and through partnerships with Steve LeBlanc : We chose to go pa- perless, and ISO 9001 implementation approximately 1 220 libraries nationwide participating in the Federal Depository helped us simplify virtually every oper- Library Program. For more information, visit www.gpo.gov. ating procedure. GPO has been producing passports for the US Department of State since the 1920s at its secure facility in Washington, DC. In 2008, to meet the rising demand for passports, ISO Focus+ : You mention reduction in GPO opened its second secure production facility in Mississippi. material waste – how was that achieved ? In 2005, GPO produced the first electronic passport (e-Passport) and switched to Steve LeBlanc : We measured waste producing all e-Passports in 2007. GPO employees produced more than 23 million over a one-year period. Step one was to track waste by getting operators to passports in the last two years, of which about seven million came from the measure waste from their own produc- Mississippi facility. tion processes, which made them aware.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 37 Standards in Action

A fundamental issue in attacking video piracy is simply distinguishing unauthor- ized copies from the vast amount of legal Stop Internet content available on the Web. Broadcast- ers, filmmakers and other content owners currently must rely largely on human re- piracy ! sources conducting manual inspections. This is a time-consuming and costly task requiring keyword searches of UGC sites, visual checks for copyright viola- tions, and filing removal requests with service providers.

Video piracy undermines legitimate Video signatures offer a solution revenue sources. by Kota Iwamoto However, given the quantities of video on the Internet, only a tiny fraction can With the proliferation of video distribution services and video- be checked manually and most content sharing Websites offering user generated content (UGC) on the Inter- is overlooked. An automated solution for net, illegal distribution of copyrighted material has become a major fast and reliable detection of illegal copies is the key to ending video piracy on problem for both rights holders and service providers. Video piracy the Internet. undermines legitimate revenue sources such as DVD sales, and it may even damage the growth of the content market itself. It also poses a Video signature tools risk to operators of video-sharing sites, who can face lawsuits from An ISO/IEC standard offers a solution to content owners. video piracy: ISO/IEC 15938-3:2002/Amd 4, UGC site

Distribution Advance filtering Posting UGC video users UGC videos filtering matching extraction contribution

On-demand removal

removal matching UGC signatures

original content signatures

extraction Registration

original content content owners

Figure 1 : Video content inspection system on a UGC site.

38 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 The registration of the copyrighted About NEC Corporation material by the content owner is accom- plished by uploading only the signature data, not the original content itself. Ex- NEC Corporation is a leader traction of the signature can be done in the integration of IT and on the content owner side by providing network technologies that appropriate software. This implementa- benefit businesses and peo- tion uses network resources efficiently, ple around the world. By since the signature data is much smaller providing a combination of than the content itself. It also eliminates products and solutions that the risk of accidental leaks of the con- cross-utilise the company’s tent owner’s copyrighted content from the site. experience and global resources, NEC’s advanced technologies meet the com- Toward a new distribution framework plex and ever-changing needs of its customers. With video viewing shifting strong- NEC brings more than 100 ly toward the Internet, it will become years of expertise in tech- beneficial to utilise video signature tools not only to stop piracy, but also nological innovation to em- to take full advantage of content use on power people, businesses the Internet. For example, identifica- and society. tion of content by video signature can For more information, visit be used to track view ratings, or to pro- NEC at www.nec.com vide content-based advertising. This can be expected to open up new business models for content distribution on the Internet. Video signature tools, standardizes a com- Figure 1 depicts an example of a video In the future, NEC intends to use pact descriptor – called the video signa- content inspection system on a UGC site. video signature tools to provide a new ture or video fingerprint – which is ex- The system makes use of video signa- framework for content distribution on tracted from video content to uniquely tures of the original copyrighted content the Internet, benefiting content own- identify videos. Video signatures can be as registered by the content owners, and ers, service providers, advertisers, and compared with one another to detect du- compares these with the signatures ex- users alike.  plicate content – even if it has been edited tracted from the videos on the UGC site. into segments. Video signature presents two primary About the author advantages : Video signature tools • It can detect video copies even after can be expected to open Kota Iwamoto various editing and copying tech- up new business models is Assistant niques, such as camera capture, cap- for content distribution Manager at tion overlay, and severe compression Information and • It provides the speed and scalability on the Internet. Media Research required for searching the entire Web. Laboratories of NEC Corpora- Video content inspection The system can provide two types of tion. He received content filtering : advance filtering and his BE and ME The Japanese IT company, NEC, is on-demand removal. In the advance degrees in Electronics, Information exploring implementation of video sig- filtering function, the UGC video is and Communication Engineering nature tools to create a system to inspect checked when it is posted to the site by from Waseda University in 2001 and user-generated content sites and auto- the contributor. If it is found to be an il- 2003, respectively. He was involved in matically detect illegally copied videos. legal copy, it will be filtered out without ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (known This system could prove to be a cost- being made public on the site. With on- as MPEG) for the standardization of efficient solution for service providers demand removal, the search is carried video signature tools as a member of the hosting UGC sites, helping stop the pro- out when the original content is regis- Japanese delegation. His research inte- liferation of video piracy and enabling tered by the content owner. If any UGC rests include image processing, image/ operators to dramatically reduce copy- video on the site matches the registered video indexing and retrieval and image right infringement. original content, it is removed. classification.

ISO Focus+ November 2010 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ 39 statements, weretheprincipaloutcomesof33 Solutions toGlobalChallenges(seebox),alongwithvisionandmission bly whichtookplaceinSeptember2010Oslo,Norway. 40 leading orchestras aroundtheglobe,performedat theopeningofGeneralAssembly. Norway’s Norway’s MinisterofTradeandIndustry,TrondGiske T by RogerFrost Assembly, Norway’sMinisterofTrade General Assembly. was themainitemonagendaof that years five next the for strategy the of the worldisfacingtodayatheart ty ofinterrelatedandcomplexchallenges Standards totacklingthegrowingdiversi- of StandardsNorway,JanA.Oksum. Alan Morrison General Assemblyby(fromleft)

Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen 360° Speaking attheopeningofGeneral The contributionofISOInternational ISO Strategic Plan 2011-2015 – he approvalandadoptionoftheISOStrategicPlan2011-2015– Strategic Plan Strategic 2011-2015 © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ Arve Tellefsen,oneofthemosthighlyregarded violinists inEurope,whoplayswith ; theManagingDirectorofStandardsNorway,TrineTveter,andChairman : theISOSecretary-General,RobSteele 33 O S I “ and Industry,TrondGiske,praisedthe the lock and that the paper fits into the into fits paper the that and lock the “ around useveryday, job thatstandardizationorganizationsdo tion, technologyandhealthcare. tion insupportofissuessuchasinnova- vital role tnad mk sr ta te e fits key the that sure make Standards “ We seetheresultsofinvisible (centre), iswelcomedtothe33 rd ISO adopts General Assembly ” ofinternationalstandardiza- rd ISOGeneralAssem- ; theISOPresident, ” theMinistersaid. rd ISO

Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen Jan A.Oksum. Chairman ofStandardsNorway, ing thishappen, ation communityplayavitalroleinmak- care. ISOandtheinternationalstandardiz growth anda better distribution of health We needinnovationtosecuregreen nology, newprocessesandproducts. and development. and safer,theyenabletrade,growth of standards.Theymakeourliveseasier us maycomeacrossasubstantialnumber printer. Onanygivenday,eachoneof all cornersofour world,thusmakingour seen globalizationspreading toalmost opportunities. Atthesametime, wehave opments constitutechallenges aswell reaching outtonewareas.These devel- last fewyears,standardization hasbeen A. Oksum,toldparticipants ber forthecountry.SN’sChairman,Jan Standards Norway(SN),theISOmem- “ The GeneralAssemblywashostedby There isnodoubtthatweneedtech-

ISO ” Mr. Giskeconcluded. Focus + November 2010 November : “

Over the

Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen ISO and widespreadsocialresponsibility. growth economic sustainable efficiency, ordination, commonsolutions,improved population. Thefuturecallsforbetterco- globe asmall home forarapidlygrowing The ISOPresident,AlanMorrison. Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen • • • • • • • Seven keyobjectivestoachievethevision • • • • ISO developsitsstandardsthroughaneffectiveprocesswhichmeetscustomerneedsand sustainable andequitableeconomicgrowth, andprotecthealth, promote innovation safetyandtheenvironment. exchangeofgoodsandservices, international support Standardswhichfacilitate International ISO developshighqualityvoluntary ISO’s mission To betheworld’s leadingproviderofhighquality, Standardsthroughitsmembersandstakeholders. globallyrelevantInternational Global visionforISOin2015 Focus ISO and the value of voluntary International Standardsareclearly International understoodbycustomers,ISO andthevalueofvoluntary stakeholdersandthegeneral public. ISO anditsprocessesaresignificantly improved Standards furtherincreasethevalueand efficientdevelopmentofInternational ISO fosterspartnershipsthat stakeholdersISO excelsinreachingouttoand engaging issignificantlyenhanced standardization ofdevelopingcountriesininternational andparticipation The capacity andprovidesolutionstoaddressglobalchallenges ISO standardspromoteinnovation ISO deliverablesmeetcustomerneeds Produces coherent, effective, widelyrecognizedandrelevantstandards. ofdevelopingcountries andsupportstheparticipation Increasingly facilitates Is fully compliant with the core principles affirmed in the Ensures consensusamongststakeholdersandacrosscountries, principle delegation throughthenational + November 2010 November ” ISO Strategic Plan 2011-2015 Solutions to Global Challenges Alan Morrison,declared best practicetoallcornersoftheworld. markets, andspreadharmonization the result is standards that shape global experiences. Thejobisacrucialoneand have differentinterests,motivationsand among stakeholdersthatthinkdifferently, eration andfacilitatingcommunication on buildingconsensus,fosteringcoop- thousands ofexperts.Together,wework the world’spopulation – therepresentativesofmorethan97 is thenvoicedthroughyou,ourmembers sumer need,aregulatoryneed.Thisneed starts withaneed.Amarketneed,con- first It standard. that or this of influence everyone is talking about the important without manypeoplerealizing it, until tion canchangeandtransformourworld, firmed Steele, inhisreporttodelegates,af- cesses that are inclusive, transparent tions thatareglobal,theresultofpro- : “ Opening theevent,ISOPresident, The ISO Secretary-General, Rob Together wemobilizehundredsof : “ : ISO CodeofEthics, requiretheprocesstobeopen, that transparentandimpartiality The world is looking for solu- for looking is world The ! : “ Standardiza- % of ” © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ The ISOSecretary-General,RobSteele key areasinthechallengesfacing tial todevelop,standardshelpaddress leadership. Thedevelopment,orpoten- and affected,thatprovidepragmatic and robusttorespectallthoseinterested : . 41 Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen 42 strategic directionandcoreprinciples demonstrate thecommitmenttoISO’s ments “ of number a to ferred of standardizationactivity. be enhancedandharmonizedasaresult global understandingofsuchissueswill sibility. These are all examples where health informaticsandsocialrespon- port systems,foodsafetymanagement, nanotechnologies, intelligenttrans- design andoperation,waterservices, and supplychains,sustainablebuilding resources, carbonfootprintofproducts change, energy efficiency and renewable cietal security,theresponsetoclimate efficiency and effectiveness,informationso- business assist velopment, • • • • ally relevant. for developingsolutionsthatareglob- reputation growing ISO’s confirm world The IECTreasurer,OlivierGourlay. Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen Looking to the future,Mr. Steele re- “ the development ofcasestudiesand nomic benefitsofstandards,to support An extensionoftheprojecton theeco- leaders butalsotothepublic ardization tobusinessandgovernment tools toshowthebenefitsofstand - A projecttoprovidecommunication cess andallowevaluationofnewideas model ofthestandardsdevelopmentpro- tory A projecttodevelopa“ anticipate customerneeds be formattedinnewwaystomeetor ISO’s publicationsanddocumentsto A projecttointroduceXMLallow ISO standardspublished,orinde- ” approvedbytheISOCouncilthat ”, which will provide a computer ”, whichwillprovideacomputer ISO33 © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ significant invest- significant Living Labora- ” rd GeneralAssembly : • ISO partners ISO Telecommunication StandardizationBureau. Reinhard Scholl,DeputyDirector,ITU ic crisesofmoderntimes. through one of the most difficult econom- helped tosustainbothofourcommunities how theISOandIECbusinessmodelhas IEC Treasurer, I can personally testify to Olivier Gourlay,said dent, JacquesRégis,theIECTreasurer, Telecommunication Union(ITU). Commission (IEC) and the International eration, theInternationalElectrotechnical members oftheWorldStandardsCoop- are partnerstoISO,includingitsfellow by 13internationalorganizationsthat the difficulties, essentially the same the business modelliesbehindbothand, essentially difficulties, the slightly differentsolutionstosomeof Even if ISO andthe IEC have found and itisvitalthatcontinuestodoso. and sustainourservicestothemarket, helped usbothtosupportourmembers range ofindustriesandcountries the useofmethodologyacrossa programmes. and opportunitiestoleveragethese funding partnersthecommitment countries, andtodemonstrateISO’s needs, especiallyamongstdeveloping develop solutionsthatmeettraining training budgettoallowISOfurther to the2011ISOdevelopmentand A significantfinancialcommitment “ Attending onbehalfoftheIECPresi- The GeneralAssemblywasattended Most importantly,Ibelieveithas : “ In myroleas

Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen be achieved…atagloballevel. respect isashiningexampleofwhatcan they wantglobalstandards…WSCinthis not wantregionalornationalstandards, ogy foreverydifferentmarket.Theydo create differentversionsofthistechnol- Global carmanufacturersdon’twantto needed torollthisoutonaglobalscale. no realbreakthroughintermsofstandards implement these technologies but thus far Systems ”. leading playersinIntelligentTransport “ was 2010 GenevaMotorShow,whichhesaid at theFullyNetworkedCarevent Technical management at managementlevel. munication and coordination between us once again,therehasbeenhealthycom- the “ Scholl, TSBDeputyDirector,referredto Standardization Bureau(TSB),Reinhard rector oftheITUTelecommunication to offercost-effective solutionstothe members ontheelectricvehicle inorder for increasedcooperationbetween WSC management), Jacob Holmblad, called the LDEawardonbehalfofcommittee. Bjørnhild Saeterøy,werepresented Olaf M.Østensen,anditsSecretary, The ChairofISO/TC211, “ On behalfofMalcolmJohnson,Di- The ISOVice-President(technical There isawillfrommanufacturersto very successful a key fixture on the calendar of the of calendar the on fixture key a

ISO Focus ” WSCcooperation ” + November 2010 November

” ISO standardizers information geographic Award for and consistent“ be rearrangedintoamoreuser-friendly system standards,hesaidthat these should sue newareasofwork.Onmanagement cess, to reach out to customers, and to pur- ers intothestandardsdevelopment pro- market relevance, to bringnewstakehold also focusedonthe initiatives to enhance average standards development time and formation technologies. nologies andthepotentialdecreasein- trends work itemswhichrevealedtwomajor active InternationalStandardsandnew of number significant the to pointed he bly ontheprogressoftechnicalwork, market. ReportingtotheGeneralAssem- location relative totheearth. directly or indirectly associated with a standards coverobjectsor phenomena graphic information/Geomatics , whose technical committee ISO/TC 211,Geo- groups. The2010award went to ISO one ofISO’sstandardsdevelopment knowledges superiorperformanceby D. Eicher LeadershipAwardwhichac- through thepresentationofLawrence geographic informationwererecognized team developingstandardsfordigital He described ISO’s efforts to reduce the The achievementsoftheinternational Focus : the increase in engineering tech- + November 2010 November plug-in model ”.

- Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen Meeting customer needs Reihlen Awardto WilfredFanokuhle. Mdluli The ISOVice-President(technical management),JacobHolmblad different customersinordertoidentify and industrygroups. CEOs, intergovernmental organizations tee chairsandsecretaries,ISOmember purchasing customers,technicalcommit- the opinionofitscustomers,including els thewholeISOprocessandcollects achieve this,theLivingLaboratorymod- further withtheneedsofitscustomers.To tives ISOhaslaunchedtoaligneven tory McKinley, describedthe“ since itsinceptionin1994. but alsothededicationandhardwork portance oftheactivitiesISO/TC211, only dowewanttoacknowledgetheim- Morrison said ware andsoftwaresystems. graphic informationandassociatedhard- effective andeconomicuseofdigitalgeo- efficient, the promotes 211 ISO/TC tion. availability, sharing,accessandintegra- geographic informationandincreasesits supports the understanding and usage of a familyofInternationalStandardsthat General Assembly,StandardsNorway. mittee isheldbythehostof2010 for ISO/TC 211asthesecretariatofcom- achievement significant more even Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen A seriesofquestionsareputtothese ISO Deputy Secretary-General, Kevin Presenting theaward,ISOPresident The goalofISO/TC211istodevelop Winning theawardthisyearwasan ” projectwhichisoneoftheinitia- : “ Through thisaward,not Living Labora- ” © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ wins award Climate change essay writer Kevin McKinley. ISO DeputySecretary-General, that canmostbenefitfromimprovement. index. Theresultshelptargettheareas to produceanoverall“ ment ofirritantshasbeenmadeinorder rent modelofISOprocesses.Anassess- provement initiatives the main“ with the ISO Helmut Reihlen Award 2010 with theISOHelmutReihlenAward2010 ards Authority (SWASA) was presented Stand- Swaziland the with officer surance Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen Wilfred FanokuhleMdluli,aqualityas- irritants (left) presentstheISOHelmut ” andpossible“ ” regardingthecur- customer value

im- 43 ” 44 the standardization message the Communicating Standards helpfightclimatechange countries onthetheme,“ test for Young Standardizers in developing submitted thebestessayinISOCon- agement), JacobHolmblad.Mr. Mdluli by theISOVice-President(technicalman- at theISOCentralSecretariat. Communication andInformation Nicolas Fleury,DirectorofMarketing, very widetarget audiences. message was clear ISO’s and relevant to that in ensuring lay difficulty The 2015. objectives of theISOStrategic Plan 2011- organization. It wasthusoneoftheseven and akeyelement ofthe strategy ofany in today’shighlycompetitive environment communication is an essential requirement ISO CentralSecretariat, underlined that Communication and Information at the ards Board(GSB)respectively. Francisca Frimpong,oftheGhanaStand- Xolile Maphanga,alsoofSWASA,and standardizers forsecondandthirdplace of climatechange. national Standardstomeetthechallenges how hiscountryisgearinguptouseInter- his essay,healsosharedinformationon measures are taken to actively respond. In community andcanensurethatpragmatic ordinated expertiseoftheinternational climate changeastheycontaintheco- one oftheglobalsolutionstotackling Standards presentanopportunitytobe Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen Nicolas Fleury,DirectorofMarketing, Prizes werealsoawardedtotwoyoung Mr. Mdluli wrotethatInternational ISO33 © ISOFocus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ Can International Can International rd

GeneralAssembly ? ” : ISO’s strategy ISO’s finances The ISOTreasurer, JulienPitton. improved inthenextStrategicPlan. said thattheseprocessescouldbefurther the titative reviewsoftheimplementation been introduced in order to perform quan- the keyperformanceindicatorswhichhad ao Takeda, underlined the importance of objectives setoutintheplan. gic Plan2011-2015andachievethebold move ahead to implement the ISOStrate- “ He concluded sector. financial the for sized theopportunitiesforISOstandards on itscurrentbusinessmodelandempha- its intellectualpropertyandthepressure ing challengesregardingtheprotectionof 2011-2015. HepointedtoISO’sincreas- the frameworkofISOStrategicPlan within objectives financial ISO’s garding his observationsandrecommendationsre- sented ISO’s financial results in 2009 and and theotheratbusinessgovernment. short videos,oneaimedatthegeneralpublic to increaseISO’svisibility,hepresentedtwo perform. Asanimmediate,concreteaction better understandthemarketandto committees andthe ISO CentralSecretariat. volving ISOmembers,expertsintechnical communication wasacollectiveprocessin- their owninformation.Heemphasizedthat ly usedby audiences themselves to create media platformsasthesewereincreasing- tools andwasalsoventuringontosocial Financially, ISOisingreatshapeto The ISOVice-President(policy),Sad- The ISOTreasurer,JulienPitton,pre- Its success had to be measured in order to Its successhadtobemeasuredinorder ISO usedtraditionalcommunication ISO StrategicPlan2005-2010and ”

Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen : • • • • • • Council elections III. II. I. the 2011-2012term elected toserveontheISOCouncilfor Sadao Takeda. The ISOVice-President(policy), the 2011-2015plan emphasized threeaspectsinrelationto Balanced Scorecardmodel. and annual plans against the criteria of the plementation ofthelonger-termstrategy tain ISO’sflexibilitytocircumstances. tation planshadbeendesignedtomain- task, andthiswaswhyannualimplemen- changes overthelongtermwasnoeasy TSE (Turkey). SASO (SaudiArabia) SARM (Armenia) SABS (SouthAfrica) IST (Iceland) ICONTEC (Colombia) The followingISOmemberswere Mr. Takeda andtheSecretary-General The ISOCouncilwillmonitortheim- Mr. Takeda recognizedthatanticipating biguous manner. a straightforward,clearandunam- The sevenkeyobjectivesdraftedin ment process the nextfiveyearsandtheirdevelop- features ofInternationalStandardsin ISO’s missionstatementdefiningthe based onusers’needs produce solutions-orientedstandards the globalvisionforISOin2015to bers andstakeholderstoachieve The fundamentalroleofISOmem-

ISO Focus : : + November 2010 November

Photo : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen Next ISO President The current ISO President, Alan Morrison extended a special welcome to the President- elect, Boris Aleshin, who expressed his gratitude to the member bodies for the trust placed in him through his election as ISO President for the 2011-2012 period. He paid tribute to the current President and highlighted his active individual involvement as a huge example for ISO. He assured the delegates that he would do everything in his power for ISO to continue to be innovative and to prosper in the future. Boris Aleshin has more than 30 years’ experience in Russian industry. He has also held several senior positions in the Government of the Russian Federation, and has been at the forefront of reforming technical regulation and standardization in Russia. Currently, Boris Aleshin is Advisor to the Chairman of the State Corporation “ Russian Technologies ”, which promotes development, production and distribution of high-tech products on domestic and international markets. He is also Director General of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI). Boris Aleshin has served as Secretary of State and First Deputy Minister of Industry, Science and Technology of the Russian Federation ; as President of the State Committee of

: © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology (ISO member for the country) ; as Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, as President of the Federal Agency Photo Boris Aleshin, for Industry and as President of the AvtoVAZ Group (Russian Automobile Manufacturer) ISO President-elect for 2011-2012. among other positions. He is the author of more than 100 scientific papers.

SNZ (New Zealand) had tied with Presentations The 2011 ISO General Assembly will be ICONTEC in the voting, but withdrew hosted in New Delhi, India, by the Bureau of to avoid a repeat vote. ICONTEC’s The ISO Vice-President (technical man- Indian Standards (BIS) and the 2012 event Executive Director, Fabio Tobón thanked agement), Jacob Holmblad, on behalf of in San Diego, CA, USA, by the American ISO, presented the outgoing ISO President, SNZ for this “ noble gesture ”. National Standards Institute (ANSI).  Alan Morrison, with cufflinks as a token of ISO’s appreciation for his achievements as Roger Frost is Head of Communication Services, ISO Central Secretariat. ISO President. Mr. Holmblad stressed that it was difficult to condense all Alan Mor- rison’s accomplishments during his tenure which coincided with a very important time in the history of ISO. He emphasized in particular his role in the definition of the new Strategic Plan which set a promising direction for the organization, in the promotion of standardization throughout the world, and in the inclusion of good governance as a re- current item on ISO’s agenda. The ISO Secretary-General, on behalf of ISO and the ISO Central Secretariat, presented SN with a gift – a piece of crys- tal Lalique – underlining that the week had been everything an ISO General As- sembly week should be. He paid homage to SN’s warm welcome and remarkable organization stressing that such an event : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen took years of thought, planning and effort. He also thanked the Norwegian Agency Photo Photo for Development Cooperation (NORAD) The outgoing ISO President, Alan Morrison for its generous financial support that ena- The Managing Director of Standards Norway, (right),is presented with ISO cufflinks by the Trine Tveter (left), receives a “ thank you ” ISO Vice-President (technical management), bled a number of ISO members from least gift to SN from the ISO Secretary-General, Jacob Holmblad. developed countries to be present. Rob Steele.

a privilege, technology is accessible to most people, and this is driving innovation, particularly in emerging markets. As such, technology can enhance com- petitiveness and improve lives. Prof. Dutta IT work gave the example of an Indian farmer who @ designed a mobile phone application to The contribution of standards operate irrigation pumps. For this farmer, electricity and water are not always accessible. Instead of walking long distances to discover that he cannot switch on the pumps, he is now able to do it remotely – a significant improvement to his working life. Similarly, in Africa, consumers can now identify counterfeit medicines by sending an SMS with a unique code fea- tured in each packet, and receive a confirmation that they are buying a legitimate product. Although simple, these applications are having a huge impact on quality of life, health, and poverty alleviation.

© Frode Lillevik It is no surprise therefore that many are calling broadband a fundamental right. Oslo Opera House. by Maria Lazarte For Prof. Dutta, as the use of technology spreads, emerging challenges include building the next generation infrastructure An inseparable partner in the daily working lives of people, in all and developing people’s IT skills – areas areas, all over the world, information technology (IT) continues to where standards play an important role. redefine the way we do our jobs. IT helps society to operate more efficiently and many sectors depend on it : from global supply chains and cross-border trade of goods and services to banking and finance ; from healthcare to sustainability and environmental performance.

International Standards provide a frame- More than 400 participants attended the work for the modern world at work, ena- Open Session, and an additional 300 have bling compatibility and interoperability, ef- followed the Webcast, which is available at ficiency, security and safety. Because ISO http://tinyurl.com/ISOwebcast. The event can effectively achieve global consensus made extensive use of social media to reach between countries and throughout business a wider public through platforms such as sectors, it is one of the principal actors in Twitter (www.twitter.com/isostandards), the development of global IT standards. Facebook (www.facebook.com/isostandards) and Youtube (www.youtube.com/ planetiso), encouraging dialogue, commu- International Standards nication, transparency and openness. provide a framework for The Open Session was facilitated by the modern world at work. Paul Chaffey, Managing Director, As- sociation of Norwegian knowledge- and technology-based companies (Abelia). The Open Session held in the context of the 2010 ISO General Assembly in Oslo, Do more with more for more ! Norway, looked at the crucial contribution of standards for enabling an interconnect- “ The world is truly connected, ” said ed working environment. The event high- Prof. Soumitra Dutta, Roland Berger Profes- lighted the growing pervasiveness and reli- sor of Business and Technology at INSEAD, ance on IT in the modern world, focusing during his keynote address. IT is changing on innovative, and sometimes sensitive, the world at large, facilitating access to infor- areas like healthcare, building and con- mation and creating a global, open, transpar- struction, technology, digital divides of de- ent real-time and interactive environment to velopingOpen session 2010-E.indd countries, 2 and the environment. which organizations must adapt. No longer

12.07.2010 16:58:02

46 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 country, and that ISO standards should be considered as building blocks, whose selection and use is decided at national level to meet local needs.

IT@building and construction – Doubling productivity

Øivind Christoffersen, Director General, Public Construction and Property at Stats- bygg’s, Norway, introduced the session with an account of the international architectural competition for the new National Museum in Oslo. A first for such a competition, the project required that submissions used BIM (building information modelling) based on publicly available specification ISO/ PAS 16739 for industry foundation classes

: © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen (IFC). This move facilitated comparison of submissions, allowed visualization of de- Photo signs, ensured the projects were practical From left : Debbie Chin, Paul Chaffey, Georg Heidenreich, Patrick MacLeamy, Petter Eiken, Øivind Christoffersen, Soumitra Dutta, Rob Steele (ISO Secretary-General). and achievable, and calculated GHG emis- sions of construction and operation. IT@Health – 1 000 times care IT Standards, Siemens, Germany. “ With BIM all parties involved in a fewer errors He highlighted the work of ISO technical construction project can share informa- committee, ISO/TC 215, Health infor- tion in real-time and focus on quality, IT is revolutionizing healthcare, includ- matics, but recognized that other bodies efficiency and cost, ” explained Petter ing on data administration, health infor- are also producing standards in this area, Eiken, President of Skanska Norge, dur- matics, and the medical device industry. which creates confusion for end-users. ing the session. BIM is revolutionizing The use of IT improves health out- the role of the contractors. It promotes comes and increases efficiency in the IT is revolutionizing defect-free design, makes implementation sector, emphasized Debbie Chin, Chief of standards much easier, facilitates com- Executive, Standards New Zealand. She healthcare. munication with clients, and promotes in- recounted how in India telemedicine is ternal cooperation within the industry. He bringing health care to remote areas with For Jean-Yves Robin, Director, ASIP later said that IT standards could double successful results – giving greater access Santé, France, standardization for health productivity for the construction industry. to information, linking local clinics with information systems, like in any other field, BIM was originally developed in a con- larger health centers, etc. Such operations is an important factor for efficiency and in- sortium – buildingSMART International. rely on standards for data exchange, inter- teroperability of systems across borders. Its President Patrick MacLeamy, recount- operability, communication devices, and But there is still work to be done. We must ed how already three of its standards electronic health records, to name a few. continue to strive for ever better consist- have been adopted as ISO publications Another interesting example is that of ency and compatibility, facilitate choice of addressing IFC (ISO/PAS 16739:2005), robotics in surgery, health dispensers, etc. complementary standards, improve their terminology (ISO 12006-3:2007) and A study shows that robotic dispensing has usability, and bring standards closer to sys- process model (ISO 29481-1:2009). The 1000 times fewer errors, than people con- tem design and development reality. organization seeks ever closer coopera- trolled packaging, which has a 4 % error Participants agreed that national tion with ISO, and extension of the BIM rate. The development, proliferation and healthcare systems differ from country to concepts to the whole built environment. use of this technology is greatly facilitated by standards for robotics, mechanics, engineering/wiring, software, and testing and verification standards for medical devices. But these and other examples are only the tip of the iceberg. “ We must unleash the potential of health@IT for citizens of the world with standards, ” concluded Ms. Chin. eHealth (use of IT for health services) can bring substantial advantages in cost reduction, better quality of medical treatment, faster care and patient mobility, added Georg Heidenreich, Manager, Health- Oslo view © Radisson BLU Scandinavia Hotel

pate in standardization. JSMO welcomed these actions and encouraged continuous support to help even the poorest to fully reap the benefits.

IT@green – Sustainable solutions A Danish project aiming to meet 50 % of electricity needs from wind power by 2025 was presented by Prof. Henrik Mad- sen, DTU Informatik, Technical Univer- sity of Denmark. He mentioned that it was possible to supply the whole world’s energy from wind turbines covering less than the area of the North Sea. However, he recognized that this would not be possible with the power system of today and

: © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen that IT solutions were needed to ensure stability of the power grid. Photo Other renewable sources (hydropower, From left : Yaseen Khayyat, Adam Jollans, Henrik Madsen, Paul Chaffey, Lars Flink, solar) reliable energy labelling, better in- Stephen McGibbon, Rob Steele (ISO Secretary-General). formation for consumers (e.g. from smart IT@IT – The future is here Standards Institute (SIS), ISO member meters) and IT systems that can ensure for the country, challenged participants reliability of the power supply based on The future evolution of the IT industry by asking, “ Are we going to be capable of consumption needs (smart grid) have a and its implications for the way people taking our organizations into the future ? ” key role to play in the future, but require work, were discussed during the session on supporting standards. IT@IT. “ The world is being transformed IT@developing countries – Through consensus-building and their by major trends in the IT industry, ” said Bridging divides ability to disseminate solutions to all cor- Adam Jollans, Program Director, IBM ners of the globe, International Standards Software Group. “ The instrumentation of “ There are wide disparities in access will be crucial in bringing about a more everything through pervasive low-cost net- to IT, in particular by the poor and those sustainable energy future. works and open standards, the availability living in remote regions, ” said Yaseen of almost limitless processing power from Khayyat, Director General, Jordan In- A changed world microprocessors to the Cloud. ” Together, stitution for Standards and Metrology Moderator Paul Chaffey concluded, these enable us to build cities with fewer (JSMO), ISO member for the country, “ The importance of IT and supporting traffic jams, healthcare with better predic- when highlighting the challenges of standards to further development and tive treatment and energy production with developing countries. Although he ex- technological innovation in many sectors more efficient consumption. plained that IT is essential for fostering has been recognized. ” ISO standards help The way people interact with comput- competition and sustainable develop- drive innovation in the fields of health in- ers is already changing. “ Fundamentally ment, issues of illiteracy, migration of formatics, building and construction and IT now needs to solve the problem of ena- skilled professionals, cost, lack of in- information and communication tech- bling everyone to exploit the instrumen- frastructure, education, and low support nologies. ISO’s efforts to support devel- tation, interconnection and intelligence of from government, can present enormous oping countries with IT training and tools IT without needing to be an IT expert, ” challenges for developing countries. are helping them to be more involved in highlighted Mr. Jollans. Stephen McGib- However, important benefits can be standardization. bon, Senior Director at Microsoft EMEA, achieved, particularly in health, education, As technology’s pervasiveness contin- presented his company’s vision of the fu- commerce and eGovernment, scientific ues to increase, it becomes ever more im- ture with the video http://tinyurl.com/ capacity building, gender empowerment portant to ensure that everyone can share McGibbon and explained, “ Where were and human rights. IT can lead to greater in the benefits. Solid IT infrastructures and standards in that ? Well of course, stand- levels of productive and well-remunerated matching skills are no longer an option, ards are absolutely everywhere. ” employment, reduce poverty and increase but a requirement in today’s hectic world. Both speakers emphasized that standards economic and social opportunities. As we go forward, standards will continue will be essential to maintain interoperabil- Future developments in IT can help to play an important role in promoting fur- ity as technology develops. ISO will also bridge the digital device. ISO’s efforts to ther development of this technology and need to evolve as IT becomes ever more promote access and exchange of informa- ensuring technological know-how and best pervasive in other industries and we see an tion, electronic balloting and interactive practice are available to all.  ever growing convergence of technology. applications for its members, is helping Lars Flink, Managing Director, Swedish developing countries to better partici- Maria Lazarte is Assistant Editor, ISO Focus+.

ISO approves next Action Plan for developing countries by Sari Rajakoski

The ISO General Assembly was preceded on 13-14 September 2010, in Oslo, by the 44th meeting of the ISO Committee on developing country matters (ISO/DEVCO) at which the principal item for discussion was the ISO Action Plan for developing countries 2011-2015.

The Oslo meeting enjoyed a record attendance with 258 participants representing 98 countries. In addition to the : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen Action Plan, the ISO/DEVCO agenda notably included discussions on the fol- Photo th lowing subjects : The 44 ISO/DEVCO meeting attracted a record participation. • Developing country perspectives on unique ISO standards development consider developing an overall strate- processes. This discussion was led by gic plan for standardization activities Steven Cornish and Amanda Richard- in the area of climate change son, representing the ISO Technical • ISO standards driving business. This Management Board Process Evalu- discussion identified the need to ation Group (PEG). ISO/DEVCO’s enhance support to small and medium- recommendations will be fed back sized businesses in developing coun- to the PEG tries as these are an important target • Energy policies for tackling climate group for promoting International

Photo workshop jointly organized with the ISO/DEVCO Chair, Bambang Setiadi. Norwegian Agency for Development Sari Rajakoski, Manager, Technical Assistance Cooperation (NORAD). The work- Development and Training Services, The Action Plan is aimed at supporting shop identified the need for ISO to ISO Central Secretariat. sustainable economic growth and access to world markets, fostering innovation, technical progress and the quality of life in the developing country members of ISO. The Action Plan also sets well defined objectives to be achieved by 2015. These are : increasing participation in ISO technical work, building capacity in standardization with members and stakeholders, improving awareness not only of the role and benefits of standards but also their use, and strengthening regional cooperation. Compared to the 2005-2010 Action Plan, and based on member input col- lected worldwide, institutional strengthening and the introduction of the subject of standardization as part of educational curricula were formulated as objectives in their own right. ISO/DEVCO approved the Action : © Standards Norway/Yvonne Haugen

Plan and it was subsequently endorsed Photo by the ISO Council. ISO officers share their views on pressing issues of great concern for developing countries.

ISO launches ISO 26000 guidance standard on social responsibility by Roger Frost According to the standard, the percep- tion and reality of an organization’s per- 1 November 2010 saw the launch of one of the most eagerly formance on social responsibility can in- awaited ISO International Standards of recent years, ISO 26000, fluence, among other things : which provides guidance to both business and public sector • Competitive advantage organizations on social responsibility (SR). • Reputation • Ability to attract and retain workers or ISO 26000 was launched at an event in consensus on what social responsibil- members, customers, clients or users Geneva, Switzerland, to which ISO Sec- ity means and what core subjects need • Maintenance of employees’morale, retary-General Rob Steele invited mem- to be addressed to implement it. In ad- commitment and productivity bers of the working group of experts that dition, it is based on broad stakeholder developed the standard, including the input, including from developing coun- • View of investors, owners, donors, joint leadership – Chair, Jorge E.R. Ca- tries, business, government, consumers, sponsors and the financial community jazeira, and Vice-Chair, Staffan Söder- labour, nongovernmental organizations • Relationship with companies, govern- berg, provided respectively by the ISO and others. ” ments, the media, suppliers, peers, members for Brazil (ABNT) and Sweden (SIS). Representatives of potential users of the standard also attended, including from industry and governments who have expressed great interest and support for an international guidance standard on social responsibility. Rob Steele commented : “ The publication of ISO 26000 is eagerly awaited by organizations worldwide, whether they are business enterprises, or public sector organizations. Operating in a socially responsible manner is no longer an option. It is becoming a requirement : © ISO/Lionel Egger

of society worldwide. What makes ISO Photo 26000 exceptional among the many al- The ISO/WG SR leadership was awarded certificates of appreciation. From left to right : Jonathon ready existing social responsibility initi- Hanks (Convenor, Integrated Drafting Task Force), Eduardo Campos de São Thiago (Co- atives is that it distils a truly international Secretary), Jorge Cazajeira (Chair), Staffan Söderberg (Vice Chair), Kristina Sandberg (Secretary).

7_core_subjects.indd 1 2010-10-22 09:26:48 50 © ISO Focus+, www.iso.org/isofocus+ ISO Focus+ November 2010 customers and the community in which it operates. Financial guidance

ISO 26000, of which development be- for national gan in 2005, is the work of the ISO Work- standards bodies ing Group on Social Responsibility (ISO/ WG SR) whose membership was the larg- by Roger Frost est and the most broadly based in terms of stakeholder representation of any single ISO, the world’s largest developer of group formed to develop an ISO standard. voluntary International Standards for Six main stakeholder groups were en- business, government and society, has gaged : industry ; government ; labour ; just published a new handbook giving consumers : nongovernmental organiza guidance to national standards bodies tions ; and service, support, research and (NSBs) on how to finance their activities. others, as well as a geographical and gen- Financing NSBs – Financial Sustain- der-based balance of participants. ability for National Standards Bodies is the It was made up of experts from ISO latest in a series of books developed by ISO members (national standards bodies – targeting developing countries and transition NSBs) and from liaison organizations economies in particular, but not exclusively. financing NSBs_EN.indd C1 (associations representing business, con- Developing countries make up some three- quarters of ISO’s membership of 163 NSBs. 08.09.2010 16:10:47 sumers or labour, or inter-governmental a national standards body in a develop- or nongovernmental organizations). The financial sustainability of any organization, including any national standing economy. This publication deals At the last meeting of the ISO/WG SR, extensively with the place of the NSB in July 2010, there were 450 participating ards body, is critical. In addition, standardization activity requires revenue so in the national quality infrastructure experts and 210 observers from 99 ISO the responsibilities such a body should member countries and 42 liaison organi- that the NSB may operate effectively to meet the needs of customers and stake- take up, the services it may choose to zations involved in the work. provide and its interfaces with relevant ISO 26000 provides guidance for all holders over the long-term. Almost all ISO members are not-for-profit organiza- organizations at the national, regional types of organization, regardless of their and international levels size or location, on : tions that work to meet the standardization needs of their stakeholders and rein- • The ISO/UNIDO publication Build- 1. Concepts, terms and definitions vest any surplus back into this activity. ing trust – The Conformity Assessment related to social responsibility Toobox (ISBN 978-92-67-10511-6, ISO 2. Background, trends and characteris- Robust systems 2009), which deals extensively with all forms of conformity assessment. tics of social responsibility ISO Secretary-General Rob Steele writes 3. Principles and practices relating to in the preface to the book, “ The emphasis Financing NSBs is another useful ad- social responsibility in this publication is on providing further dition to the above handbooks which are 4. Core subjects and issues of social information on activities, services and fi- collectively meant to provide ISO mem- responsibility nancing approaches for NSBs but it is not bers with the information and guidance an end in itself. Organizations need finan- needed to optimize their operations and 5. Integrating, implementing and pro- cial resources to respond to the needs of to sensitize their policy-makers to the im- moting socially responsible behav- their customers and stakeholders, to ensure portance of standardization and conform- iour throughout the organization and, there are robust systems and processes that ity assessment for economic development through its policies and practices, make standardization activities efficient and trade. It will be of particular interest within its sphere of influence and take advantage of new technologies to managers of NSBs that are in the pro- 6. Identifying and engaging with and allow those involved in standardiza- cess of development or envisaging a re- stakeholders tion, including technical experts and em- definition of their roles and operations. ployees, the training to do their job. ” 7. Communicating commitments, This publication supersedes the ISO ISO has therefore prepared a number performance and other information publication, Organizing and self-financing of publications that cover these other as- related to social responsibility. of participation in ISO work – Guidance pects, including the following developed for ISO member bodies, published in 1998. ISO 26000 is a voluntary guidance with partner agencies, such as the United Financing NSBs – Financial Sustain- standard that is not to be used for certi- Nations Industrial Development Organi- ability for National Standards Bodies, fication, unlike ISO 9001:2008 (quality zation (UNIDO) : A5 format, 64 pages, is printed in English management) and ISO 14001:2004 (en- • The ISO/UNIDO publication, Fast (ISBN 978-92-67-10534-5) and French vironmental management) which can be forward – National Standards Bodies editions (ISBN 978-92-67-20534-2). It is used for certification.  in Developing Countries (ISBN 978- available free of charge (fee for postage 92-67-10477-59, ISO 2008) that pro- and handling) from the ISO Central Sec- Roger Frost is Head of Communication Services, vides good practice guidelines for the retariat through the ISO Store or by con- ISO Central Secretariat. establishment and general operation of tacting the Marketing, Communication &

Information department ([email protected]). lows companies around the world to meas- For example, if a watch is said to be It can also be obtained from ISO national ure the economic value of their brands us- “ water resistant ” to 30 meters (100 feet), member institutes. The handbook can also ing the same reliable guidelines developed this means that for all aquatic activities be downloaded as a PDF file free of charge with by global experts in the field. ” down to a depth of 30 meters, the watch from the ISO Website (www.iso.org).  ISO 10668:2010, Brand valuation – case should not leak. The manufacturer of Requirements for monetary brand valua- a water-resistant watch may offer ratings tion, was prepared by project committee to help consumers determine the sort of ISO/PC 231, Brand valuation, and is avail- environment the watch can handle. How strong is your able from ISO national member institutes. ISO 22810:2010, Horology – Water-re- company’s brand ? It may also be obtained directly from the sistant watches, has been drawn up to meet ISO Central Secretariat through the ISO a global demand for clear and unambigu- An ISO standard Store (www.iso.org) or by contacting the ous specifications in this area. It clarifies Marketing, Communication & Informa- the terms used, defines the criteria to be can help tell you tion department ([email protected]).  met by the product and specifies the mark- ing which may appear on the product. by Maria Lazarte Maria Lazarte is Assistant Editor, ISO Focus+. “ The new ISO standard represents a A powerful brand can differentiate a win-win situation for both industry and company in the marketplace and signifi- consumers, ” said Vincent Grossenbacher, cantly contribute to its financial perfor- Secretary of the subcommittee that devel- mance. But as an intangible asset, it is oped the new standard. “ For the first time, difficult to measure its exact monetary manufacturers are free to choose the tests value. A new standard, ISO 10668:2010, and sampling plan, on condition that the Brand valuation – Requirements for mon- end product meets the requirements of ISO etary brand valuation, outlines consistent 22810. Consumers, on the other hand, gain and transparent procedures and methods guaranteed protection that any watch on for measuring how much a brand is worth. the market sold as water-resistant must sat- Brands include the names, terms, signs, isfy ISO 22810 – regardless of the brand. ” symbols, logos, etc. that identify goods, services and entities. Up-to-date “ Brands, like many other intangible as- ISO 22810 replaces ISO 2281 which sets, are highly valued properties, ” says has been used by the industry since 1990 Christopher Scholz, Chair of the ISO pro- when it was first published by ISO. The ject committee that developed the stand- new 2010 edition removes any ambigui- ard. “ They are used to create distinctive ties and brings the content up-to-date with images and associations in the minds of state-of-the-art developments. stakeholders to help a company stand out ISO 22810 adopts not only a technical in the marketplace, and to communicate approach by giving a set of minimum re- and engage with their customers. Yet they ISO standard for quirements for water-resistant watches, are a little understood asset. water-resistant but also seeks to give consumers useful in- “ For a long time companies have strug- formation – precautions for use, notions of gled to determine the actual impact and watches makes physics – and better all-round protection. value of their brand. ISO 10668 is an im- It is expected to make a huge splash in the portant step forward for the industry. ” “ huge splash ” horology industry, ensuring timeless qual- The standard guides users through a ity and continued customer satisfaction. globally harmonized three-tiered analy- by Elizabeth Gasiorowski-Denis ISO 22810 covers watches intended sis focusing on financial, legal and be- From luxury watches to low-cost, when only for daily use and for swimming, havioural aspects. Examples include the it comes to buying the right one, the char- while ISO 6425 covers watches that can legal rights and protection of a brand, acteristic of water-resistance can often be be used while scuba diving. market size and trends, its effect on pur- a deciding factor for exigent shoppers. ISO 22810:2010, Horology – Water-re- chase choices and the different attitudes But what exactly does this term mean and sistant watches, was prepared by ISO techni- of stakeholders towards the brand. how can customers be sure that all brands cal committee ISO/TC 114, Horology, sub- The standard specifies a framework are using equivalent measures ? committee SC 3, Water-resistant watches, with objectives, bases, approaches and To respond to these questions, ISO has and is available from ISO national member methods of valuation, and sourcing of developed a standard providing test meth- institutes. It may also be obtained directly quality data and assumptions. It also pro- ods and labelling features for watches sold from the ISO Central Secretariat through the vides methods for reporting results. as “ water-resistant ”. The new International ISO Store (www.iso.org) or by contacting Mr. Scholz comments, “ The compre- Standard ISO 22810 puts the onus on man- the Marketing, Communication & Informa- hensive three element analysis introduced ufacturers to prove their watches are water- tion department ([email protected]).  in ISO 10668 builds a reliable picture of a resistant against criteria of industry best brand’s value. An added benefit is that it al- practice and international know-how. Elizabeth Gasiorowski-Denis is Editor, ISO Focus+.

ISO Strategic Plan

2011-2015

360° New Zealand’s building codes and standards have been tested more rig- orously than at any time since the genesis of Standards New Zealand following the 1931 Hawke’s Bay Solutions to Global Challenges earthquake – and they passed. On 4 September 2010, Canter- bury experienced its largest modern- day natural disaster, destined to be the most costly the country has ever faced. Debbie Chin, Chief Executive Of- ficer, Standards New Zealand, looks at how standards enable buildings in the country to withstand seismic events and, in so doing, save lives.  The ISO Strategic Plan 2011 – 2015 With contributions from ISO officers, – Solutions to Global Challenges, out- the issue looks at how ISO intends to har- lines ISO’s comprehensive strategic road- ness its achievements and capabilities to map for the next five years. It has been ensure making optimal use of its poten- developed following its most comprehen- tial in the period ahead. A summary of sive consultation ever of its stakeholders the ISO Action Plan for developing coun- all over the world, including its members, tries 2011-2015 from the Chair of the ISO ISO Update the users of standards and international Committee on developing country matters, organizations. Dr. Bambang Setiadi, is also included. The ISO Update, a monthly sup- An analysis of the contributions re- Read all about these initiatives in the plement to ISO Focus+ is available ceived indicated the existence, among next issue of ISO Focus+. electronically (PDF) in both English ISO’s stakeholders, of a common view on www.iso.org/isoupdate and French the present and future role of the organi- Guest Interview www.iso.org/fr/isoupdate. zation and on its increasing importance as In an exclusive interview in the The ISO Update informs about the lat- one of the essential mechanisms to sup- January ISO Focus+ issue, Pascal Lamy, est developments in the ISO world, in- port a sustainable world economy. Director General of the World Trade Or- cluding ISO member bodies’ CEO and The January ISO Focus+ issue pro- ganization, shares his thoughts on the address changes, draft standards under vides insight on the ISO Strategic Plan benefits of the WTO trading system and circulation, as well as newly published, 2011-2015, from the consultation process the role of International Standards in fa- confirmed or withdrawn standards. It and the input received from the broad cilitating trade. also includes a list of upcoming techni- base of stakeholders, to the path forward Find out more in the next issue of cal committee plenary meetings.  for ISO in the years ahead. ISO Focus+. 

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