Policity and Practice for Global Tourism Copyright © 2011, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Calle Capitán Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain
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Policity and Practice for Global Tourism Copyright © 2011, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Calle Capitán Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain Policy and Practice for Global Tourism ISBN-13: 978-92-844-1379-9 Published and printed by the World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain First printing: 2011 All rights reserved The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Tourism Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Calle Capitán Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain Tel.: (+34) 915 678 100 Fax: (+34) 915 713 733 Website: www.unwto.org Email: [email protected] All UNWTO publications are protected by copyright. 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World Tourism Organization Contents 1. Introduction. Understanding global tourism.................................................................................. 2 1.1 Growth and evolution of tourism......................................................................................... 2 1.2 Measuring tourism............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tourism and the global economic crisis.............................................................................. 2 1.4 Barriers to tourism............................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Policy and practice for global tourism: key themes............................................................ 2 1.6 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................ 2 2. Understanding the visitor.................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Visitor motivation................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Trends shaping the visitor in the 21st Century.................................................................... 2 2.4 Market segmentation........................................................................................................... 2 2.5 Protecting the visitor............................................................................................................ 2 2.6 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 2 2.7 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 3. Sustainability: the impacts of tourism............................................................................................ 2 3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Defining sustainability.......................................................................................................... 2 3.3 Defining sustainable tourism................................................................................................ 2 3.4 Tools for achieving sustainable tourism............................................................................... 2 3.5 Global sustainable tourism criteria...................................................................................... 2 3.6 Social and cultural impacts: understanding the value of tourism in communities.............. 2 3.7 Nature based attractions and ecotourism........................................................................... 2 3.8 Tourism and biodiversity...................................................................................................... 2 3.9 Climate change and global warming................................................................................... 2 3.10 Energy issues and tourism: Addressing the emission challenge in tourism........................ 2 3.11 Water supply and water shortages...................................................................................... 2 3.12 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 4. Tourism as a force for societal growth............................................................................................ 2 4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 4.2 Codes and ethics................................................................................................................. 2 4.3 Corporate Social Responsibility........................................................................................... 2 4.4 Tourism, poverty alleviation and community well-being...................................................... 2 4.5 Social marketing: future areas for action?........................................................................... 2 4.6 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 5. Destination development: competitiveness.................................................................................... 2 5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 5.2 The concepts of destinations and destination management............................................... 2 5.3 Competitiveness: the concept explained............................................................................ 2 5.4 Tools for improving competitiveness................................................................................... 2 World Tourism Organization 5.5 The customer journey.......................................................................................................... 2 5.6 Knowledge management in tourism.................................................................................... 2 5.7 Innovation and cooperative behaviour in tourism................................................................ 2 5.8 Small business development and tourism product development........................................ 2 5.9 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 6. Innovation in Destination Management........................................................................................... 2 6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 6.2 Being strategic and intelligent.............................................................................................. 2 6.3 Striking up active and sustainable partnerships.................................................................. 2 6.4 Functioning with innovation and creativity........................................................................... 2 6.5 Future issues for destination marketing..............................................................................