Policity and Practice for Global Tourism Copyright © 2011, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Calle Capitán Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain

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Policity and Practice for Global Tourism Copyright © 2011, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Calle Capitán Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain Policity and Practice for Global Tourism Copyright © 2011, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Calle Capitán Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain Policy and Practice for Global Tourism ISBN-13: 978-92-844-1379-9 Published and printed by the World Tourism Organization, Madrid, Spain First printing: 2011 All rights reserved The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Tourism Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Calle Capitán Haya, 42 28020 Madrid, Spain Tel.: (+34) 915 678 100 Fax: (+34) 915 713 733 Website: www.unwto.org Email: [email protected] All UNWTO publications are protected by copyright. Therefore and unless otherwise specified, no part of a UNWTO publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, scanning, without prior permission in writing. UNWTO encourages dissemination of its work and is pleased to consider permissions, licensing, and translation requests related to UNWTO publications. Permission to photocopy UNWTO material in Spain must be obtained through: CEDRO, Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos Calle Monte Esquinza, 14 28010 Madrid, Spain Tel.: (+34) 91 308 63 30 Fax: (+34) 91 308 63 27 Email: [email protected]; www.cedro.org For authorization of the reproduction of UNWTO works outside of Spain, please contact one of CEDRO’s partner organizations, with which bilateral agreements are in place (see: http://www.cedro.org/ingles_funcion_internacional.asp) For all remaining countries as well as for other permissions, requests should be addressed directly to the World Tourism Or- ganization. For applications see: http://www.unwto.org/pub/rights.htm Photography: © Fotolia.com / Vladimir Popovic, Emily2k, Pakhnyushchyy, Denis Babenko, ctacik, auremar, Dmitry Naumov, .shock, Sebastian Duda, Suprijono Suharjoto, Gérard Vulliez, Arturo Limón, Maridav, arneke, Rafa Irusta, Pefkos, Joe Gough, Yali Shi, TheFinalMiracle, JJFEZ, africa, soupstock, endostock, Yuri Arcurs, samc, Maria Kutrakova, thierry burot, Andy Dean, Travelfish, Christina Booth, Jürgen Effner, deanm1974, Briseida, Luna Nera, volff, Jean-Philippe Capart, moonrun, forestpath, michaeljung, AlexQ, Barmaliejus, Maridav, Pixel & Création, Pavel Losevsky, regine schöttl, Arto, Robert Lehmann, Stauke, ra2 studio, Carsten Reisinger, easaab, microimages, nfsphoto, eff Metzger, pressmaster, Engine Images, Eisenhans, christian42, philn99, dusko, Strikker, Dainius Kunigauskas, nextrecord, erwinova, oscurecido, Jerome Dancette, Adam Gregor, Anddyv15, EasyBalance, Jochen Scheffl, Dimitar Bosakov, Andres Rodriguez, Marta Ruiz, Alexey Klementiev, jedi-master, icholakov, Sylvain Cordier, Kovalenko Inna, Mikael Damkier, scusi, Christos Georghiou. World Tourism Organization Contents 1. Introduction. Understanding global tourism.................................................................................. 2 1.1 Growth and evolution of tourism......................................................................................... 2 1.2 Measuring tourism............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tourism and the global economic crisis.............................................................................. 2 1.4 Barriers to tourism............................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Policy and practice for global tourism: key themes............................................................ 2 1.6 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................ 2 2. Understanding the visitor.................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Visitor motivation................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Trends shaping the visitor in the 21st Century.................................................................... 2 2.4 Market segmentation........................................................................................................... 2 2.5 Protecting the visitor............................................................................................................ 2 2.6 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 2 2.7 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 3. Sustainability: the impacts of tourism............................................................................................ 2 3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Defining sustainability.......................................................................................................... 2 3.3 Defining sustainable tourism................................................................................................ 2 3.4 Tools for achieving sustainable tourism............................................................................... 2 3.5 Global sustainable tourism criteria...................................................................................... 2 3.6 Social and cultural impacts: understanding the value of tourism in communities.............. 2 3.7 Nature based attractions and ecotourism........................................................................... 2 3.8 Tourism and biodiversity...................................................................................................... 2 3.9 Climate change and global warming................................................................................... 2 3.10 Energy issues and tourism: Addressing the emission challenge in tourism........................ 2 3.11 Water supply and water shortages...................................................................................... 2 3.12 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 4. Tourism as a force for societal growth............................................................................................ 2 4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 4.2 Codes and ethics................................................................................................................. 2 4.3 Corporate Social Responsibility........................................................................................... 2 4.4 Tourism, poverty alleviation and community well-being...................................................... 2 4.5 Social marketing: future areas for action?........................................................................... 2 4.6 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 5. Destination development: competitiveness.................................................................................... 2 5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 5.2 The concepts of destinations and destination management............................................... 2 5.3 Competitiveness: the concept explained............................................................................ 2 5.4 Tools for improving competitiveness................................................................................... 2 World Tourism Organization 5.5 The customer journey.......................................................................................................... 2 5.6 Knowledge management in tourism.................................................................................... 2 5.7 Innovation and cooperative behaviour in tourism................................................................ 2 5.8 Small business development and tourism product development........................................ 2 5.9 Other sources of UNWTO information................................................................................. 2 6. Innovation in Destination Management........................................................................................... 2 6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2 6.2 Being strategic and intelligent.............................................................................................. 2 6.3 Striking up active and sustainable partnerships.................................................................. 2 6.4 Functioning with innovation and creativity........................................................................... 2 6.5 Future issues for destination marketing..............................................................................
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