The Work of Max Ernst on Wilhelm Tempel
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23 Minor Planet Bulletin 41
23 observation interval. The overall form of the lightcurve did not of the other observatories. To make the large number of data points change perceptibly with phase angle or viewing aspect. in the segments of the lightcurve included by Organ Mesa observations more legible, those data have been binned in sets of Further evidence against the double period near 72.6 hours is five points with a maximum of ten minutes between points. provided by Schober et al. (1993). They draw a composite bimodal lightcurve phased to 36.0 hours based on data from 6 consecutive References nights with about 60% phase coverage. Overlapping sessions on this lightcurve centered near 1989 Nov 30.3 and Dec 3.3 each Behrend, R. (2005). Observatoire de Geneve web site. show a small rise followed by a fall greater than 0.4 magnitudes in http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html about 6 hours. This sets a lower limit in their data for the amplitude. An amplitude as large as 0.4 magnitudes is possible Higgins, D.J., Menke, J., Pozzoli, V., Sheridan, E., and Dymock, only for a bimodal lightcurve. R. (2004). “Lightcurve and Period Determination for 582 Olympia.” Minor Planet Bull. 31, 12. Independently, Franco drew an H-G plot based only on sparse data from the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), i.e., not including any JPL (2013). http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi of the new photometry. These data contain no correction for rotational variation and in include the inherent scatter in the USNO Menke, J. (2011). Menke Scientific, Ltd. -
The Warped Ways of Cosmic Light
BIOLOGIE & MEDIZIN_Infektionsbiologie “Around that area there are indeed numerous small nebulous patches so close together that, upon seeing the region, one is positively startled by the strange appearance of this ‘nebula cluster’.” This was the sentiment expressed by Heidelberg-based astronomer Max Wolf in 1901 about the galaxy cluster in the constellation Coma Berenices. The cluster Abell 2218 presents a similar appearance to the viewer today on this image from the Hubble Space Telescope. The “strange appearance” – the many blue and orange arcs – owes, in this case, to the effect of a gravitational lens. PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY_Gravitational Lenses The Warped Ways of Cosmic Light Albert Einstein predicted them, modern giant telescopes detected them – and Klaus Dolag simulates them on a computer: gravitational lenses. The academic staff member at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching and at the University Observatory Munich uses this physical phenomenon to such ends as weighing galaxy clusters and probing that ominous substance known as dark matter. TEXT HELMUT HORNUNG he sky over Principe was a total eclipse of the Sun. The test was More recent analyses of Eddington’s cloudy and the mood in the simple: if a massive object bends space, findings show that the values measured camp on the coconut plan- then the Sun must also cause the pass- at that time did, indeed, correspond to tation had hit rock bottom. ing light from stars to deviate from its the prediction, but that they are appar- Having set out from Eng- straight course. In other words, the ently the result of an instrument error T land, the men had been traveling for points of light in the immediate vicin- of, as it so happens, the very same mag- weeks to reach the volcanic island in ity of the black Sun should be shifted nitude. -
Trojan Search at ESO E
Lf) provide an effective method (a) to dis Kron and A Renzini, (Dordrecht: Reidel), o criminate galaxy morphology, (b) to p.61. evaluate their intrinsic evolution and (c) Buzzoni, A: 1988, in preparation. Butcher, H. and Oemler, A.: 1984, Ap. J., 285, to estimate redshift with an accuracy of 426. 0.05. We emphasize that two main ± Coleman, G.D., Wu, C. C. and Weedman, ...--...0 requirements have to be fulfilled in order Q() D. W.: 1980, Ap. J. Supp., 43, 393. <\l to reach such a fair resolution in explor Couch, W.J. and Newell, E. B.: 1984, Ap. J., E ing the universe at large distances: 56,143. '-' <J Lf) (i) we need to observe clusters instead Couch, W.J., Ellis, R.S., Godwin, J. and Car o o of field galaxies to be able to recognize ter, 0.: 1983, MN.R.A.S., 205,1287. them with high statistical confidence; Ellis, R. S., Couch, W. J., Maclaren, I. and (ii) we need a combined comparison Koo, D.C.: 1985, MN.R.A.S., 217, 239. 2158+0351 Gunn, J. E., Hoessel, I. G. and Oke, J. B.: with evolutionary models, in order to 1986, Ap. J., 306, 30. properly account for the intrinsic photo Koo, D. C.: 1981, Ap. J. (Lett), 251, L 75. 0.4 0.5 metric properties as we use galaxies as Loh, E.D. and Spillar, E.J.: 1986, Ap. J., 303, REDSHI8 T standard candles in the cosmological 154. Figure 8: The photometrie determination of framework. Maclaren, 1., Ellis, R.S. and Couch, W.J.: the redshift of the cluster 2158 + 0351. -
The Internal Structure of the Asteroids
**FULL TITLE** ASP Conference Series, Vol. **VOLUME**, **YEAR OF PUBLICATION** **NAMES OF EDITORS** The internal structure of the asteroids V.Celebonovi´cˇ Inst.of Physics,Pregrevica 118,11080 Zemun-Beograd,Serbia Abstract. Knowledge of the internal structure of the asteroids is rather poorly developed,mainly due to lack of reliable data (masses or densities and radii). This contribution has two aims: to review the basics of existing knowledge and explore the possibility of advancing the field by introducing and using in it some well known ideas from solid state physics. 1. Introduction The largest part of astronomical research directly relies on data taken at various kinds of telescopes of variable size - from those having mirrors of 8 or 10 meters in diameter to backyard amateur telescopes. However,serious comlications arise when one attempts to gain information on the internal structure of any kind of celestial bodies. The reason for these complications is simple: the interiors of any kind of objects are unobservable. For example, nobody has ever gone (and nobody ever will) into the center of Jupiter to measure the temperature there. Surfaces of many kinds of objects are observable. However, the ”state” of a surface of any given object is a consequence of at least two factors: processes occuring in the interior of the object but also of any possible external influences. The aim of this lecture is to discuss to some extent one particular ”subfield” within the field of modelling of the internal structure of celestial objects - the internal structure of the asteroids. Apart from the introduction,this contribution has three more parts. -
The Astronomer Wilhelm Tempel
Further information by The Astronomer Wilhelm Tempel www.lutz-clausnitzer.de In the second half of the 19th century Wilhelm Tempel ranked among the most popular research scientists because of his many discoveries in astronomy. (Prof. Dr. Dieter B. Herrmann, astronomy historian, Berlin) Tempel's Discoveries Twelve comets, of which the following four are short period comets: 9P/Tempel 1, destination of Deep Impact 10P/Tempel 2 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, comet of the Leonids Five minor planets: (64) Angelina (65) Cybele Birth house in Niedercunnersdorf near Loebau, today Gartenweg 26 (74) Galatea Milestones of Tempel’s Life (81) Terpsichore (97) Clotho 1821 Born, grew up, went to school in Niedercun- nersdorf (Saxony, Germany) Many nebulae. His surveys of these laid the groundwork for future explanation. They are 1837 Began apprenticeship as a lithographer in Meißen 1840 Began work as a lithographer in North Europe now known to be gaseous nebulae (made of 1858 Purchased a telescope in Venice (Italy) and gas and dust), star clusters and distant galax- ies. His most spectacular discovery was the made first discoveries 1860 Worked as a lithographer and astronomer Merope Nebula (today NGC 1435) in the star cluster of the Pleiades. in Marseille (France) 1871 Teamed up with Schiaparelli, also an astro- nomer, in Milan (Italy) 1875 Became Director of the Royal Observatory From his Observing Logs Arcetri (Italy) until his death in 1889 Observatory Arcetri near Florence in the year 1872 Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel 1868 in Marseille with his telescope Honors The total eclipse on 18.July 1860 The moon crater Copernicus 1861 Paris Academy of the Sciences, Lalande Prize 1870 Two comet prizes from the Vienna Academy 1872 Knighted by Emperor Auguste Souverain of the Imperial Rose Order of Brazil A lithography of the Orion Nebula 1879 Humbertus Prize from the Academy in Rome 1881 Paris Academy of the sciences Valz Prize 1881 Received commendation as an Associate of the Royal Astronomical Society of London 1898 Moon crater “Tempel” named by J. -
Frank Schlesinger 1871-1943
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOLUME XXIV THIRD MEMOIR BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF FRANK SCHLESINGER 1871-1943 BY DIRK BROUWER PRESENTED TO THE ACADEMY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, 1945 FRANK SCHLESINGER 1871-1943 BY DIRK BROUWER Frank Schlesinger was born in New York City on May n, 1871. His father, William Joseph Schlesinger (1836-1880), and his mother, Mary Wagner Schlesinger (1832-1892), both natives of the German province of Silesia, had emigrated to the United States. In Silesia they had lived in neighboring vil- lages, but they did not know each other until they met in New York, in 1855, at the home of Mary's cousin. They were mar- ried in 1857 and had seven children, all of whom grew to maturity. Frank was the youngest and, after 1939, the last survivor. His father's death, in 1880, although it brought hardships to the family, was not permitted to interfere with Frank's educa- tion. He attended public school in New York City, and eventually entered the College of the City of New York, receiv- ing the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1890. His aptitude for mathematical science, already evident in grammar school, be- came more marked in the higher stages of his education when he began to show a preference for applied mathematics. Upon completing his undergraduate work it was not possible for him to continue with graduate studies. He had to support himself, and his health at that time made it desirable for him to engage in outdoor activities. -
Nick Kanas, M.D
Vol. 53, No. 7 – July 2005 July 20, 2005 – General Meeting Randall Museum 199 Museum Way San Francisco 7:00 pm doors open . 7:30 pm announcements . 8:00 pm speaker ___________________________________________________________________________________ Nick Kanas, M.D. Mapping the Heavens: The Golden Age of Pictorial Celestial Cartography Pictorial celestial cartography reached its zenith in Europe from 1600 to 1800, when grand atlases were produced with plates locating the stars in beautiful constellation images that were placed in accurate heavenly coordinate systems. But these books also included diagrams of the universe that were based on cosmological theories dating back to the time of the Ancient Greeks. In his presentation, Dr. Kanas will discuss how both cosmological theory and stellar mapping developed and were depicted in the great celestial atlases. He will illustrate his talk with slides of pieces from his private collection. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Nick Kanas is a Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California/San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Hospital, where he does NASA‐funded research on astronauts working in the International Space Station. He has been observing the heavens through a telescope since childhood, and he has been a member of the SFAA since 1978. He has collected antiquarian celestial books and prints for over 20 years. He has given talks on celestial cartography for the California Map Society, the International Conference on the History of Cartography, the Palo Alto Art Center, Bay Area astronomy groups, and the Sydney (Australia) Observatory. He has also written articles on this topic for Sky and Telescope, Mercury, the Journal of the International Map Collectorsʹ Society, and Imago Mundi. -
DI Fact Sheet 5H.Id
FIRST LOOK INSIDE A COMET! http://deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov http://deepimpact.umd.edu What’s deep inside a comet? Comets are time capsules that hold clues about the formation and evolution of the solar system. They are composed of ice, gas and dust, primitive debris from the solar system’s distant and coldest regions that formed 4.5 billion years ago. Deep Impact, a NASA Discovery Mission, is the first space mission to probe beneath the surface of a comet and reveal the secrets of its interior. On July 4, 2005, the Deep Impact spacecraft arrives at Comet Tempel 1 to impact it with a 370-kg (~820- lbs) mass. On impact, the crater produced is expected to range in size from that of a house to that of a football stadium, and two to fourteen stories deep. Scientists expect to see ice and dust debris ejected from the crater revealing fresh material beneath. A dramatic brightening caused by sunlight reflecting off the expelled material and the possible opening of a gas jet is anticipated. Images from cameras and a spectrometer are sent to Earth covering the approach, the impact and its aftermath. The effects of the collision with the comet will also be observable from certain locations on Earth and in some cases with smaller telescopes. The data is analyzed and combined with that from other missions, from telescopes around the world and in Earth orbit. These results will lead to a better understanding of both the solar system’s formation and implications of comets colliding with Earth. -
Harold Knox-Shaw and the Helwan Observatory
1 Harold Knox-Shaw and the Helwan Observatory Jeremy Shears & Ashraf Ahmed Shaker Abstract Harold Knox-Shaw (1885-1970) worked at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt from 1907 to 1924. The Observatory was equipped with a 30-inch (76 cm) reflector that was financed and constructed by the Birmingham industrialist, John Reynolds (1874- 1949), to benefit from the clearer skies and more southerly latitude compared with Britain. Knox-Shaw obtained the first photograph of Halley’s Comet on its 1910 perihelion passage. He also carried out morphological studies on nebulae and may have been the first to identify what later became to be known as elliptical galaxies as a distinct class of object. Photographic analysis of the variable nebula NGC 6729 in Corona Australis enabled him to conclude that the changes in brightness and shape were correlated with the light travel time from the illuminating star, R CrA. Introduction By the beginning of the twentieth century fundamental changes in astronomy were well-advanced, with a move from a traditional positional and descriptive approach to the new science of astrophysics. This was driven by the development of two new tools: spectroscopy and photography. In Great Britain the chief practitioners of the science were no longer the self-taught individuals of independent wealth, the Grand Amateurs of the Victorian age, but increasingly they were University-trained scientists employed by professional research institutions (1). Across the Atlantic, the United States was making great strides in the development of the new astronomy. Here, in the first two decades of the twentieth century increasingly large telescopes were being built to generate astrophysical data, such as the giant reflectors on Mount Wilson which benefitted from the clear skies and southerly latitudes of California. -
In This Issue: Rod’S Previous Book, the Urban Astronomer’S Guide Has Also Been Very Popular
The Rosette Gazette Volume 25,, IssueIssue 01 Newsletter of the Rose CityCity AstronomersAstronomers January, 2012 The Past, Present, and Future of the Schmidt Cassegrain Telescope by Rod Mollise “Uncle” Rod Mollise is familiar to amateur astronomers as the author of numerous books and magazine articles on every aspect of astronomy, amateur and professional. He is most well‐known, however, for his books on Schmidt Cassegrain Telescopes, SCTs, especially his latest one, Choosing and Using a New CAT (Springer), which has become the standard reference for these popular instruments. In This Issue: Rod’s previous book, The Urban Astronomer’s Guide has also been very popular. That’s no 1….General Meeting surprise, since it is designed to help the majority of amateurs who must observe from light polluted urban and suburban sites see deep sky wonders. 2….Special Interest Groups In addition to his books, Rod’s writing can be found in magazines including Sky and Telescope, Sky and Telescope’s SKYWATCH, Astronomy Technology Today, Amateur ……Observing Reports Astronomy Magazine, and others. Look for Unk Rod on numerous online forums, too, 3….Club Officers especially his popular blog, Uncle Rod’s Astro Blog. He is also one of the editors of the acclaimed online double star magazine, The University of South Alabama’s The Journal of …...Magazines Double Star Observations. …...RCA Library Rod Mollise is an engineer by profession, working on the U.S. Navy’s LPD Landing Ship 4….The Observers Corner program in Pascagoula, Mississippi, where he serves as the Combined Test Team’s Navigation Systems Engineer. Despite long 8.....Dawn Takes A Closer hours devoted to the new ships, he also finds time to teach Look astronomy to undergraduates at the University of South Alabama in 10...RCA Board Minutes Mobile. -
THE ASTEROIDS and THEIR DISCOVERERS Rock Legends
PAUL MURDIN THE ASTEROIDS AND THEIR DISCOVERERS Rock Legends The Asteroids and Their Discoverers More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4097 Paul Murdin Rock Legends The Asteroids and Their Discoverers Paul Murdin Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge Cambridge , UK Springer Praxis Books ISBN 978-3-319-31835-6 ISBN 978-3-319-31836-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31836-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016938526 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover design: Frido at studio escalamar Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Acknowledgments I am grateful to Alan Fitzsimmons for taking and supplying the picture in Fig. -
Sha Bulletin 33
BULLETIN ISSUE 33 SPRING 2020 2 Contents The Bulletin for the Society for the AGM Autumn Conference History of Astronomy Page 4 SHA Officers and Council Honorary President - Allan Chapman Honorary Vice-President – Arnold Wolfandale Honorary Vice-President – Dr Michael Hoskin Chairman – Gerard Gilligan Vice-Chair and Enews Editor – David Sellers Treasurer – Geoff King General Secretary – Laura Carroll Survey Coordinator – Kevin Johnson Publicity Officer – Mike Leggett Membership Secretary – Graham Jones Events Secretary – Michael White Online Editor – John Chuter 33. Well-trodden Paths: Sidney Bertram Gaythorpe Librarian – James Dawson (1880–1964) by David Sellers Archivist – John Chuter Book Review 40. Astro-research 7 by Paul A. Antiquarian Astronomer Editor – Ian Haley Ridpath Page 11 46. Astro Conundrum Quiz Bulletin Co-Editor – Carolyn Kennett number 6 Bulletin Co-Editor – Kevin Kilburn 47. 19th Century Observatories: 1830-39 by Paul Haley 12. Edward Crossley, SEE THE BACK PAGE Bermerside Observatory and FOR THE FULL the Crossley Reflector by DETAILS OF THE Denis Buczynski SPRING CONFERANCE 18. Bunk and Bilge – Harold Spencer Jones and Richard Woolley on Space Travel by Jonathan Spencer Jones 20. Sir James South’s Five-foot Huddart Equatorial by Richard E. Schmidt Pulkovo Observatory - Russia 26. The Nebra sky disc: an alternative interpretation by Kevin Kilburn 55. Astro Conundrum Quiz number 5 with answers 30. Bright Star!—When did Keats write his famous sonnet? ¬by William Sheehan The Society for the History of Astronomy Bulletin Issue 33 Spring 2020 3 Editorial When I offered to take on the role of co-editor of the SHA Bulletin last November, I wasn’t quite sure what I was letting myself in for.