CLEANER SHRIMP (CARIDEA: PALAEMONIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SCYPHOZOAN JELLYFISH J. E. Martinelli Filho, S. N. Stam Par, A. C. Morandini, E. C. Mossolin To cite this version: J. E. Martinelli Filho, S. N. Stam Par, A. C. Morandini, E. C. Mossolin. CLEANER SHRIMP (CARIDEA: PALAEMONIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SCYPHOZOAN JELLYFISH. Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment, Observatoire Océanologique - Laboratoire Arago, 2008, pp.133-140. hal- 03246105 HAL Id: hal-03246105 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03246105 Submitted on 2 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VIE ET MILIEU - LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT, 2008, 58 (2) : 133-140 CLEANER SHRIMP (CARIDEA: PALAEMONIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH SCYPHOZOAN JELLYFISH J. E. MARTINELLI FILHO 1*, S. N. STAMPAR 2, A. C. MORANDINI 3, E. C. MOSSOLIN 4 1 Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP 05508-120 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, nº 101 Cid. Universitária, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 3 Grupo em Sistemática e Biologia Evolutiva, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C. P. 119331, CEP 27910-970, Macaé, RJ, Brazil 4 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil * Corresponding author: [email protected] PERICLIMENES PAIVAI ABSTRACT. – Shrimp are found in association with many hosts (sponges, anthozoans, mol- CARIDEA SHRIMP lusks, echinoids, ascidians and fish). Shrimp are rarely observed in association with jellyfish. JELLYFISH The interaction between the cleaner shrimp Periclimenes paivai and jellyfish is poorly known, COMMENSALISM with only one published report for Brazilian waters. We add new information about this associa- tion, based on field and laboratory observations. Shrimp were collected from three locations on the coast of São Paulo State (Cananéia, Santos and São Sebastião) and from two species of scy- phozoan medusae: Chrysaora lactea and Lychnorhiza lucerna. We classify the association as facultative commensalism, since the shrimp gain protection and probably feed on mucus pro- duced by the jellyfish. The maximum carapace length of the shrimp collected was 9.2 mm. Medusa bell diameter ranged between about 10 and 19 cm for C. lactea and between 4.5 and 25 cm for L. lucerna. We also provide a list of records of Periclimenes in association with differ- ent scyphomedusae, and additional information on the size and coloration of P. paivai. INTRODUCTION et al. 1993) and brachyuran crabs (Corrington 1927). Pontoniinid shrimps are commonly found associated Among aquatic crustaceans, a wide variety of taxa with a wide range of benthic hosts: ascidians, bivalves, including amphipods, copepods, crabs, isopods and crinoids, echinoids, gorgonians, nudibranchs, scleractini- shrimps have been described as symbionts of macro- an corals, sea anemones and sponges (Chace 1969, Omori invertebrates around the world. Many crustacean species et al. 1994, Spotte et al. 1994, Udekem D’Acoz & Wirtz show different kinds of association with their benthic 2002). More rarely, these shrimps have been observed in hosts, ranging from parasitism to mutualism (e.g., Thiel association with pelagic organisms such as jellyfish & Baeza 2001). For instance, the first reported eusocial (Chace 1969, Bruce 1972, 1988, Berggren 1994). marine invertebrate, Synalpheus regalis Duffy, 1996, is a The most extensive work on parasitism, symbiosis and small shrimp that lives in close association with large commensalism with medusae was presented by Thiel tropical sponges (Duffy 1996), while other shrimps such (1976). The author listed different forms of associations as Palaemonella rotumana (Borradaile, 1898) or Peri- between medusae and other organisms (e.g., Actiniaria, climenes elegans (Paulson, 1875) can be found in many Cestoda, Nematoda, Trematoda, Turbellaria and a wide anthozoan species, as well as free-living (Bruce 1970, range of crustacean groups). However, nothing was men- Chace & Bruce 1993, Marin et al. 2004), showing a weak tioned about the shrimp genus Periclimenes Costa 1844. linkage or independence from their facultative hosts. At present, few published records exist concerning Most cases of crustacean symbiosis have been reported crustacean associations with medusae for the southwest- in the benthic environment, with the exception of parasit- ern Atlantic coast. Zamponi (2002) recorded an associa- ic copepods, a diverse group containing many species tion between Libinia spinosa (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834) with pelagic hosts (Boxshall & Halsey 2004). Various (Brachyura, Majidae) and the scyphomedusa Lychnorhiza crustaceans also occur in association with pelagic cnidar- lucerna Haeckel, 1880 from an estuary in Argentina. ians, such as copepods (Humes 1953, Browne & Kings- Nogueira Jr. & Haddad (2005) provided the incidence of ford 2005), cirripeds (Pagès 2000), hyperiid amphipods the association and insights into the life cycle of another (Laval 1980, Condon & Norman 1999), isopods (Moreira majiid species, Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871, and 1972, Nogueira Jr. & Silva 2005), mysids (Martin & Kuck its relationship with L. lucerna. Nogueira Jr. & Silva 1991), caridean shrimps (Marliave & Mills 1993, Moore (2005) reported the occurrence of four parasitic isopods 134 J. E. MARTINELLI FILHO, S. N. STAMPAR, A. C. MORANDINI, E. C. MOSSOLIN on jellyfishes from the southern coast of Brazil. The original description of P. paivai by Chace (1969) The genus Periclimenes contains more than 175 spe- lacks information on the animal coloration, because it was cies of small carideans, commonly known as “cleaner based on preserved specimens. Variable characters such shrimps”. The species P. paivai Chace, 1969 was as the number of teeth on the dorsal and ventral margins described based on specimens collected at Cananéia and of the rostrum were overlooked because only one male Ubatuba (on the southern and northern coasts of São and eight ovigerous females were available for analysis. Paulo state, respectively), found in association with a Herein we present information on these characters, based medusa identified as Mastigias sp., collected in Ubatuba on 48 specimens, and discuss the interactions of P. paivai (Chace 1969). Actually, the medusa referred to by Chace and its scyphozoan hosts. is Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884, at that time known from the area as Mastigias scintillae Moreira, 1961 (see Silveira & Cornelius 2000, Morandini et al. METHODS 2005). However, the distribution and ecological associa- tions of the shrimp species are not clear: some authors We studied the shrimps associated with two scyphomedusae reported the shrimp from the sea bottom at about a meter species from three different localities on the coast of São Paulo depth or less (Ramos-Porto & Coelho 1990) or associated state (Fig. 1). Cleaner shrimp associated with the discomedusae with macroalgae in trawls (G. Bond-Buckup 2006, per- species Lychnorhiza lucerna (Fig. 2A) and Chrysaora lactea sonal communication). This is the second record of P. pai- Eschscholtz, 1829 (Fig. 2B) were collected near the surface at vai accompanying jellyfish. Cananéia (from 1999-2002, and on July 2006) (Fig. 1A). Some species of Periclimenes were already reported Shrimp were also captured in association with L. lucerna in from the Brazilian coast: P. anthophilus Holthuis & Eibl- the São Sebastião Channel on July 2004 (Fig. 1C), and in Santos Eibesfeldt, 1964 from Fernando de Noronha archipelago Bay on August 2005 (Fig. 1B). The shrimp were removed from and the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte; P. longi- the medusae with the aid of a forceps or by gently shaking the caudatus (Stimpson, 1860) from the states of Pará to jellyfish, and were preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution in Bahia; P. magnus Holthuis, 1951 from the Fernando de seawater or 70 % ethanol. Noronha archipelago and Rio Grande do Norte; P. paivai The medusae were collected in the Cananéia estuary, with a from the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina; and large plastic bucket and hand nets. They were transferred to an P. yucatanicus (Ives, 1891) from Bahia (Ramos-Porto & aquarium for further observation. Some of them were kept alive Coelho 1990, Young 1998, Coelho Filho 2006, G. Bond- in an aquarium, and some were preserved in 4 % formaldehyde Buckup, personal communication). The species P. iri- in seawater for identification. The shrimp were observed alive descens Lebour, 1949 is also known from the northeast by stereomicroscope. The diameter of the umbrella of the coast of Brazil (G.A.S. de Melo, personal communica- medusae was measured with a plastic ruler (in cm). tion), and Kemponia americana (Bruce 2004), once known We determined the sex of the shrimp by the presence of the as P. americanus,