Nuclear Science and Engineering Education Sourcebook 2020
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Richard G. Hewlett and Jack M. Holl. Atoms
ATOMS PEACE WAR Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission Richard G. Hewlett and lack M. Roll With a Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall and an Essay on Sources by Roger M. Anders University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London Published 1989 by the University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England Prepared by the Atomic Energy Commission; work made for hire. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hewlett, Richard G. Atoms for peace and war, 1953-1961. (California studies in the history of science) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Nuclear energy—United States—History. 2. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission—History. 3. Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969. 4. United States—Politics and government-1953-1961. I. Holl, Jack M. II. Title. III. Series. QC792. 7. H48 1989 333.79'24'0973 88-29578 ISBN 0-520-06018-0 (alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii List of Figures and Tables ix Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall xi Preface xix Acknowledgements xxvii 1. A Secret Mission 1 2. The Eisenhower Imprint 17 3. The President and the Bomb 34 4. The Oppenheimer Case 73 5. The Political Arena 113 6. Nuclear Weapons: A New Reality 144 7. Nuclear Power for the Marketplace 183 8. Atoms for Peace: Building American Policy 209 9. Pursuit of the Peaceful Atom 238 10. The Seeds of Anxiety 271 11. Safeguards, EURATOM, and the International Agency 305 12. -
The Politics of Nuclear Weapons (Online) Political Science 340
The Politics of Nuclear Weapons (Online) Political Science 340 Professor: Steven B. Redd University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Office: Bolton 628 Fall 2020 Email: [email protected] Prerequisite: Junior Standing Course Website Address: uwm.edu/canvas TA: Tristan Tully Office: Bolton 631 Email: [email protected] COURSE DESCRIPTION: Are nuclear weapons and deterrence still relevant in the 21st Century? Most emphatically . yes! This class will focus on the nuclear rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and on how this rivalry transformed the nature and conduct of world politics. We will discuss nuclear arsenals and force structure, nuclear jargon, nuclear ethics and psychology, arms control, strategic and civil defense, and the effects of a possible nuclear exchange. In addition, we will also address strategies of deterrence and nuclear weapons decision making. We will also examine the implications stemming from both the vertical and horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons. Finally, we will discuss the role nuclear weapons play in world politics in the post-Cold War era. REQUIRED TEXTS: Futter, Andrew. 2015. The Politics of Nuclear Weapons. Los Angeles, CA: Sage. Sagan, Scott D., and Kenneth N. Waltz. 2013. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: An Enduring Debate. 3rd ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. (Hereafter known as S&W) The Futter textbook is a fairly easy, yet quite informative, read. I think it’s a vast improvement over the previous primary textbook I had used. The Sagan and Waltz book is relatively short and also quite easy to read. There will also be readings available through the Canvas web site. -
Project Research on Nuclear Spectroscopy and Condensed Matter Physics Using Short-Lived Nuclei
PR12 Project Research on Nuclear Spectroscopy and Condensed Matter Physics Using Short-Lived Nuclei Y. Ohkubo annealed in vacuum at various temperatures. They observed no clear signal of such complexes in the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University TDPAC spectra. However, the TDPAC spectra indicate that Ce and He form complexes having a variety of geometrical structures. Comparison with TDPAC results Objective and Participating Research Subjects reported by another research group on 111Cd arising from The main objectives of this project research are the 111In in He-doped stainless steel shows that the parent investigation of the nuclear structure of unstable atoms (La and Ba) of 140Ce trap He atoms more neutron-rich nuclei and also the local properties of efficiently than In atoms do, indicating stronger bonding materials using short-lived nuclei. of He to the former atoms, while different from the This period is the first year of the project. present case, 111Cd (In)‒He complexes form a unique Unfortunately, no experiments in all six research subjects geometrical structure. A part of the results are described of the project (26P12) were executed owing to the in the following second page. suspension of the reactor operation. Here, we report some S. Komatsuda et al. (PRS-3) investigated thermal results which were obtained in previous periods and have behavior and interacting nature of 100-ppm Al and already been published in journals. ~100-ppt In impurities doped in a semiconductor ZnO The research subjects (PRS) reported here are as by means of the TDPAC technique with the 111In(→ follows: 111Cd) probe. -
600 Technology (Applied Sciences)
600 600 Technology (Applied sciences) Class here inventions See also 303.48 for technology as a cause of cultural change; also 306.4 for sociology of technology; also 338.1–338.4 for economic aspects of industries based on specific technologies; also 338.9 for technology transfer, appropriate technology See Manual at 300 vs. 600; also at 363 vs. 302–307, 333.7, 570–590, 600; also at 363.1 vs. 600; also at 583–585 vs. 600 SUMMARY 601–609 Standard subdivisions and technical drawing, hazardous materials technology, patents 610 Medicine and health 620 Engineering and allied operations 630 Agriculture and related technologies 640 Home and family management 650 Management and auxiliary services 660 Chemical engineering and related technologies 670 Manufacturing 680 Manufacture of products for specific uses 690 Construction of buildings 601 Philosophy and theory 602 Miscellany Do not use for patents; class in 608 Class interdisciplinary works on trademarks and service marks in 929.9 Interdisciplinary collections of standards relocated to 389 .9 Commercial miscellany Class commercial miscellany of products and services used in individual and family living in 640.29; class commercial miscellany of manufactured products in 670.29; class interdisciplinary commercial miscellany in 381.029 603 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances 604 Technical drawing, hazardous materials technology; groups of people 657 604 Dewey Decimal Classification 604 .2 Technical drawing Including arrangement and organization of drafting rooms, preservation and storage of drawings; specific drafting procedures and conventions (e.g., production illustration, dimensioning; lettering, titling; shades, shadows, projections); preparation and reading of copies Class here engineering graphics, mechanical drawing For architectural drawing, see 720.28. -
Taking Stock: Nuclear Disarmament and U.S. Disarmament Diplomacy
Taking Stock: Nuclear Disarmament and U.S. Disarmament Diplomacy - Bibliography- August 2017 LLNL-TR-736063 Taking Stock: Nuclear Disarmament and U.S. Disarmament Diplomacy Workshop Bibliography Workshop convened on May 24, 2017 by the Center for Global Security Research, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Washington, D.C. In May 2017, the Center for Global Security Research convened a workshop on the lessons learned and recent developments in U.S. nuclear disarmament diplomacy and their implications for future shifts in U.S. nuclear policy. Compiled by Henrietta Toivanen. 1. Disarmament Diplomacy: Lessons Learned from Recent U.S. Efforts What lessons can be learned from the disarmament diplomacy pursued by the Obama administration? How about the Global Zero movement? What are they key drivers and implications of the emerging nuclear ban movement? 2. The Moral Discourse about Nuclear Weapons What are the moral cases for and against nuclear deterrence? What are the implications of this debate for U.S. nuclear disarmament diplomacy? 3. The Global Zero Aspiration: What Would Make It Plausible? What conditions would be needed? What would make it plausible? In what timeframe? How would peace and security be safeguarded in a post-nuclear world? 4. Implications for U.S. Disarmament Diplomacy Looking ahead 8-10 years, what can reasonably be accomplished? What near-term and long-term goals should be set? What response to the ban movement is necessary and appropriate? How can the bully pulpit be used to best advantage? 2 1. Disarmament Diplomacy: Lessons Learned from Recent U.S. Efforts Krepon, Michael. (3 May 2016). Unilateral or Bilateral Reductions? Stimson Center. -
Inis: Terminology Charts
IAEA-INIS-13A(Rev.0) XA0400071 INIS: TERMINOLOGY CHARTS agree INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, AUGUST 1970 INISs TERMINOLOGY CHARTS TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ... ......... *.* 1 PREFACE 2 INTRODUCTION ... .... *a ... oo 3 LIST OF SUBJECT FIELDS REPRESENTED BY THE CHARTS ........ 5 GENERAL DESCRIPTOR INDEX ................ 9*999.9o.ooo .... 7 FOREWORD This document is one in a series of publications known as the INIS Reference Series. It is to be used in conjunction with the indexing manual 1) and the thesaurus 2) for the preparation of INIS input by national and regional centrea. The thesaurus and terminology charts in their first edition (Rev.0) were produced as the result of an agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). Except for minor changesq the terminology and the interrela- tionships btween rms are those of the December 1969 edition of the Euratom Thesaurus 3) In all matters of subject indexing and ontrol, the IAEA followed the recommendations of Euratom for these charts. Credit and responsibility for the present version of these charts must go to Euratom. Suggestions for improvement from all interested parties. particularly those that are contributing to or utilizing the INIS magnetic-tape services are welcomed. These should be addressed to: The Thesaurus Speoialist/INIS Section Division of Scientific and Tohnioal Information International Atomic Energy Agency P.O. Box 590 A-1011 Vienna, Austria International Atomic Energy Agency Division of Sientific and Technical Information INIS Section June 1970 1) IAEA-INIS-12 (INIS: Manual for Indexing) 2) IAEA-INIS-13 (INIS: Thesaurus) 3) EURATOM Thesaurusq, Euratom Nuclear Documentation System. -
The Stellarator Program J. L, Johnson, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
The Stellarator Program J. L, Johnson, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A. (On loan from Westlnghouse Research and Development Center) G. Grieger, Max Planck Institut fur Plasmaphyslk, Garching bel Mun<:hen, West Germany D. J. Lees, U.K.A.E.A. Culham Laboratory, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England M. S. Rablnovich, P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, U.S.3.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R. J. L. Shohet, Torsatron-Stellarator Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. and X. Uo, Plasma Physics Laboratory Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uj', Japan Abstract The woHlwide development of stellnrator research is reviewed briefly and informally. I OISCLAIWCH _— . vi'Tli^liW r.'r -?- A stellarator is a closed steady-state toroidal device for cer.flning a hot plasma In a magnetic field where the rotational transform Is produced externally, from torsion or colls outside the plasma. This concept was one of the first approaches proposed for obtaining a controlled thsrtnonuclear device. It was suggested and developed at Princeton in the 1950*s. Worldwide efforts were undertaken in the 1960's. The United States stellarator commitment became very small In the 19/0's, but recent progress, especially at Carchlng ;ind Kyoto, loeethar with «ome new insights for attacking hotii theoretics] Issues and engineering concerns have led to a renewed optimism and interest a:; we enter the lQRO's. The stellarator concept was borr In 1951. Legend has it that Lyman Spiczer, Professor of Astronomy at Princeton, read reports of a successful demonstration of controlled thermonuclear fusion by R. -
Nuclear Waste and Nuclear Ethics
Nuclear Waste and Nuclear Ethics Social and ethical aspects of the retrievable storage of nuclear waste Report in outlines (the main report is available only in Dutch) Herman Damveld Robert Jan van den Berg January 2000 Herman Damveld has been working on nuclear energy since 1976. He developed an interest in the subject when there were plans for the storage of nuclear waste in the northern Dutch salt domes, and plans for a nuclear power plant at the Eemshaven, near the Waddensea. Since the early ‘80s, he has given many lectures on these subjects, under a Broad Societal Discussion on nuclear energy. In recent years, he has worked as an independent researcher and publicist, and has written a number of books about nuclear energy, the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (on request of Greenpeace), and the storage of nuclear waste. Hundreds of his articles have been published in weekly magazines and regional newspapers. Robert Jan van den Berg is an employee of the Laka Foundation, the documentation and research centre on nuclear energy. Laka maintains an extensive archive on nuclear energy and related matters. Laka gives information and advise to media, scholars, individuals, etc. In cooperation with his colleagues, Van den Berg has, among others, published articles on the greenhouse effect and on nuclear energy, the airplane crash on Amsterdam’s Bijlmer district, the dismantling of a research complex in Amsterdam, and the dismantling of nuclear weapons. 2 Preface -----------4 1. Introduction and summary --------5 2.Waste in The Netherlands ---------13 3. Ethics -----------14 3.1 Ethics 3.2 Two ethical theories 3.2.1 Utilitarianism 3.2.2 The ethics of justice 3.3 Justice to the present generation 3.4 Justification to future generations 3.5 Justification for the production of nuclear waste 3.6 The ethical principles of the IAEA and the NEA on the management of nuclear waste 3.6.1 IAEA 3.6.2 NEA 4. -
Nuclear Weapons Are Indiscriminate
Copyright 2019 by Champion Briefs, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by an information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. The Evidence Standard Jan/Feb 2020 The Evidence Standard Speech and Debate provides a meaningful and educational experience to all who are involved. We, as educators in the community, believe that it is our responsibility to provide resources that uphold the foundation of the Speech and Debate activity. Champion Briefs, its employees, managers, and associates take an oath to uphold the following Evidence Standard: 1. We will never falsify facts, opinions, dissents, or any other information. 2. We will never knowingly distribute information that has been proven to be inaccurate, even if the source of the information is legitimate. 3. We will actively fight the dissemination of false information and will provide the community with clarity if we learn that a third-party has attempted to commit deception. 4. We will never knowingly support or distribute studies, news articles, or other materials that use inaccurate methodologies to reach a conclusion or prove a point. 5. We will provide meaningful clarification to any who question the legitimacy of information that we distribute. 6. We will actively contribute to students’ understanding of the world by using evidence from a multitude of perspectives and schools of thought. 7. We will, within our power, assist the community as a whole in its mission to achieve the goals and vision of this activity. -
Highlights in Early Stellarator Research at Princeton
J. Plasma Fusion Res. SERIES, Vol.1 (1998) 3-8 Highlights in Early Stellarator Research at Princeton STIX Thomas H. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA (Received: 30 September 1997/Accepted: 22 October 1997) Abstract This paper presents an overview of the work on Stellarators in Princeton during the first fifteen years. Particular emphasis is given to the pioneering contributions of the late Lyman Spitzer, Jr. The concepts discussed will include equilibrium, stability, ohmic and radiofrequency plasma heating, plasma purity, and the problems associated with creating a full-scale fusion power plant. Brief descriptions are given of the early Princeton Stellarators: Model A, Model B, Model B-2, Model B-3, Models 8-64 and 8-65, and Model C, and also of the postulated fusion power plant, Model D. Keywords: Spitzer, Kruskal, stellarator, rotational transform, Bohm diffusion, ohmic heating, magnetic pumping, ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH), magnetic island, tokamak On March 31 of this year, at the age of 82, Lyman stellarator was brought to the headquarters of the U.S. Spitzer, Jr., a true pioneer in the fields of astrophysics Atomic Energy Commission in Washington where it re- and plasma physics, died. I wish to dedicate this presen- ceived a favorable reception. Spitzer chose the name tation to his memory. "Project Matterhorn" for the project which was to be Forty-six years ago, in early 1951, Spitzer, then sited in the Princeton area, on the newly acquired For- chair of the Department of Astronomy at Princeton restal tract, and funding began on July 1 of that year University, together with Princeton physicist John 121- Wheeler, had been thinking about the physics of ther- Spitzer's earliest stellarator papers comprise a truly monoclear processes. -
July/August 2004 Newsletter
Environmental Defense Institute News on Environmental Health and Safety Issues ")··..--~~~~~~~~~-,-~~~~~~--"--~~~ I July/August 2004 Volume 15 Number 3 Idaho Cancer Rates Continue to Rise at Record Levels According to the Cancer Data Registry ofldaho Dr. Thomas Pigford which was commissioned by the US there is a steady increase in Idaho cancer rates from the District Court hearing the Hanford Downwinders suit, beginning of data collection through 2002 (the latest both showed that causation for the high rate of cancer in report issued by the Registry). The 2000 report notes an the Northern Idaho Panhandle and Health District 3 increase of 3 59 cancer cases in recent years. "This was (Lewiston area) can be attributed to Hanford emissions one. of the largest single-year increases in cancer following wind patterns up the Columbia and Snake incidence in the history of the Cancer Data Registry of River drainage canyons. Idaho. Cancer sites with notable increases from 1999 to The Hanford· Downwinder litigation won two 2000 were lung, melanoma (in-situ), oral cavity and significant legal wins; 1.) the US 9th District Court of pharynx cancer counts increased over 1999 levels. The Appeals overruled the 1998 Spokane District Court number ofin-situ melanoma cases is 65% higher than for ruling by Judge McDonald that previously rejected the any previous year. The prostate cancer incidence rate is claims of most of the plaintiffs, and remanded the case the highest it has been since the spike in prostate cancer back to District Court for trial, based on Plaintiffs rates in 1990-1993 due to prostate-specific antigen scientific briefs showing significantly more particulate screening. -
Nuclear Propulsion
16 Nuclear Propulsion Claudio Bruno DIMA, University of Rome (La Sapienza), Roma Italy 1. Introduction Nuclear propulsion (NP) concepts go back to the very end of WW II. Scientists informed about the effects of the US atomic bomb thought of exploiting its energy release for applications like commercial electric power generation, but also rockets and space flight [Shepherd and Cleaver, 1948, 1949; Bussard and DeLauer, 1958]. However, space flight was still considered science fiction, and the military had to deal with more concrete things, like the Cold War. Thus, besides power generation, second stages of ICBM, submarine propulsion, long range and long duration airplanes and missiles became the focus of nuclear energy applications. It was the second-stage and airplane application that drove R&D in nuclear propulsion. With the advent of reliable ICBM (the Atlas missile) and lighter fission and thermonuclear warheads, a nuclear-powered second stage became no longer necessary. Airplane applications were found impractical: the Convair NB-36 required such a heavy lead shield for the crew that testing and operation were much restricted. Nuclear-powered missiles were easier to design, e.g., project PLUTO, but still far more complicated compared to conventional. The Soviets investigated airplanes and rockets powered by nuclear power as well, and discarded them too. The history of NP can be found in [Czysz and Bruno, 2009, Chapter 7; Lawrence, 2008; Lawrence et al, 1995; Gunn and Ehresman, 2003; Dewar, 2004] and will not be reported here. Basic technology is also discussed in the references above, in particular reactor design is in [Lawrence et al, 1995].