British Mount Combatant Expedition Report
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Characteristics of the Bergschrund of an Avalanche-Cone Glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
JOlIl"lla/ o/G/aci%gl'. VoL 29. No. 10 1. 1983 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BERGSCHRUND OF AN AVALANCHE-CONE GLACIER IN THE CANADIAN ROCKY MOUNTAINS By G ERALD OSBORN (Department of Geology and Geophysics, Uni versity o f Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N I N4, Canada) ABSTRACT. Fi eld study of th e bergschrund of a small avalanche-cone glacier at the base of Mt Chephren, in Banff Nati onal Park , has been ca rried out as part of a general ex pl oratory study of glacier-head crevasses in th e Canadi an Roc ki es. The bergsc hrun d consists of a wide. shall ow. partl y bedrock-fl oored gap, und erneath whi ch ex tends a nearl y vertical Ralldklu!I, and a small , offset, subsidi ary crevasse (or crevasses). The fo ll owin g observations rega rdin g the behavior of th e bergsc hruncl and ice adjacent to it are of parti cul ar interest: ( I) topograph y of the subglaeial bedrock is a control on the location of the main bergschrund and subsidi a ry crevasses. (2) th e main bergschrund and subsid ia ry crevasse(s) are conn ected by subglacial gaps betwee n bedrock and ice; th e gaps are part of th e "bergschrund system" , (3) snow/ ice immedi ately down-glacier of the bergschrund system moves nea rl y verticall y dow nwa rd in response to rotational fl ow of the glacier. a ll owin g the bergschrund components to keep the same location and size fro m year to year, (4) an inde pend ent accumul ati on, fl ow. -
Antarctic Primer
Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state. -
Korean Direct
AAC Publications Korean Direct The First Ascent Of Gasherbrum V Insignificant against the blinding white backdrop of Gasherbrum V’s south face, we stood like silhouettes atop a moraine, the wall before us in full view. The complex glacier leading up to the face reminded me of scaly dragon’s tail. We had spotted a snaking line that would lead us to the jagged bergschrund at the foot of the wall. Once on the face, we would have to keep left to avoid a menacing serac, then move right in the upper mixed section before finishing with a direct line to the top. Seong Nak-jong and I had never really considered a route on the south side of unclimbed Gasherbrum V until we were denied passage up the northeast face. We had started our first attempt on the 7,147- meter peak from Camp 1 on the South Gasherbrum Glacier, along the normal routes to Gasherbrums I and II. We trudged through thigh-deep snow to reach the northeast face, which was covered in loose ice and snow, and was nearly impossible to protect. Falling ice and spindrift poured down from above. We finally had no choice but to evacuate from our high point of 6,400 meters. This unsuccessful attempt quashed our desire to climb. As the leader of our small team, the quandaries of a second attempt weighed heavily on my mind. Not only were we physically weakened and our confidence shot, it was already mid-July and more snow was laying siege to the camps. We had been away from home for more than a month. -
The Ministry for the Future / Kim Stanley Robinson
This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are the product of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events, locales, or persons, living or dead, is coincidental. Copyright © 2020 Kim Stanley Robinson Cover design by Lauren Panepinto Cover images by Trevillion and Shutterstock Cover copyright © 2020 by Hachette Book Group, Inc. Hachette Book Group supports the right to free expression and the value of copyright. The purpose of copyright is to encourage writers and artists to produce the creative works that enrich our culture. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book without permission is a theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like permission to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your support of the author’s rights. Orbit Hachette Book Group 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 www.orbitbooks.net First Edition: October 2020 Simultaneously published in Great Britain by Orbit Orbit is an imprint of Hachette Book Group. The Orbit name and logo are trademarks of Little, Brown Book Group Limited. The publisher is not responsible for websites (or their content) that are not owned by the publisher. The Hachette Speakers Bureau provides a wide range of authors for speaking events. To find out more, go to www.hachettespeakersbureau.com or call (866) 376-6591. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Robinson, Kim Stanley, author. Title: The ministry for the future / Kim Stanley Robinson. Description: First edition. -
Reconciling Drivers of Seasonal Terminus Advance and Retreat at 13
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface RESEARCH ARTICLE Reconciling Drivers of Seasonal Terminus Advance 10.1029/2018JF004628 and Retreat at 13 Central West Greenland Key Points: Tidewater Glaciers • We evaluate the correlation of seasonal terminus advance/retreat to M. J. Fried1,2 , G. A. Catania1,2 , L. A. Stearns3 , D. A. Sutherland4 , T. C. Bartholomaus5 , glacial runoff, ice mélange, and 6 6 ocean temperature E. Shroyer , and J. Nash • Runoff is the strongest predictor at 1 2 glaciers that calve via serac failures Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, Department of Geosciences, University of Texas at where subglacial melt plumes locally Austin, Austin, TX, USA, 3Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA, 4Department of Earth Sciences, enhance retreat University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA, 5Department of Geology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA, 6College of Earth, • Glaciers with sporadic, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA buoyancy-induced full-thickness calving and the largest ice fluxes are less sensitive to environmental forcings Abstract The majority of Greenland tidewater glaciers undergo a seasonal cycle in terminus position, characterized by wintertime advance and summertime retreat. Understanding mechanisms that control seasonal cycles can help elucidate how tidewater glaciers regulate dynamic ice loss on longer timescales. Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1 However, controls on terminus position are numerous and complex. To address this, we compare time series • Movie S1 of satellite-derived terminus positions for tidewater glaciers in central west Greenland with observations of • Movie S2 environmental forcings, including runoff at the grounding line, mélange presence, and, where available, • Movie S3 ocean temperature in the proglacial fjord. -
Energy and Air Pollution
Copyright © 2006, United Nations Environment Programme ISBN: 92-807-2668-4 UNEP/GCSS.IX/INF/2 UNEP Job No. DEW/0773/NA Disclaimers The content and views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the contributory organizations or the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and neither do they imply any endorsement. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. Mention of a commercial company or product in this publication does not imply the endorsement of UNEP. © Maps, photos and illustrations as specified. Reproduction This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNEP. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Division of Communications and Public Information (DCPI), UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Produced by Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA) United Nations Environment Programme P.O. -
1976 Bicentennial Mckinley South Buttress Expedition
THE MOUNTAINEER • Cover:Mowich Glacier Art Wolfe The Mountaineer EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Verna Ness, Editor; Herb Belanger, Don Brooks, Garth Ferber. Trudi Ferber, Bill French, Jr., Christa Lewis, Mariann Schmitt, Paul Seeman, Loretta Slater, Roseanne Stukel, Mary Jane Ware. Writing, graphics and photographs should be submitted to the Annual Editor, The Mountaineer, at the address below, before January 15, 1978 for consideration. Photographs should be black and white prints, at least 5 x 7 inches, with caption and photo grapher's name on back. Manuscripts should be typed double· spaced, with at least 1 Y:z inch margins, and include writer's name, address and phone number. Graphics should have caption and artist's name on back. Manuscripts cannot be returned. Properly identified photographs and graphics will be returnedabout June. Copyright © 1977, The Mountaineers. Entered as second·class matter April8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Washington, under the act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly, except July, when semi-monthly, by The Mountaineers, 719 Pike Street,Seattle, Washington 98101. Subscription price, monthly bulletin and annual, $6.00 per year. ISBN 0-916890-52-X 2 THE MOUNTAINEERS PURPOSES To explore and study the mountains, forests, and watercourses of the Northwest; To gather into permanentform the history and tra ditions of thisregion; To preserve by the encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise the natural beauty of NorthwestAmerica; To make expeditions into these regions in fulfill ment of the above purposes; To encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all loversof outdoor life. 0 � . �·' ' :···_I·:_ Red Heather ' J BJ. Packard 3 The Mountaineer At FerryBasin B. -
1953 the Mountaineers, Inc
fllie M®��1f�l]�r;r;m Published by Seattle, Washington..., 'December15, 1953 THE MOUNTAINEERS, INC. ITS OBJECT To explore and study the mountains, forests, and water cours es of the Northwest; to gather into permanent form the history and traditions of this region; to preserve by encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise, the natural beauty of North west America; to make expeditions into these regions in ful fillment of the above purposes ; to encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all lovers of out-door life. THE MOUNTAINEER LIBRARY The Club's library is one of the largest mountaineering col lections in the country. Books, periodicals, and pamphlets from many parts of the world are assembled for the interested reader. Mountaineering and skiing make up the largest part of the col lection, but travel, photography, nature study, and other allied subjects are well represented. After the period 1915 to 1926 in which The Mountaineers received books from the Bureau of Associate Mountaineering Clubs of North America, the Board of Trustees has continuously appropriated money for the main tenance and expansion of the library. The map collection is a valued source of information not only for planning trips and climbs, but for studying problems in other areas. NOTICE TO AUTHORS AND COMMUNICATORS Manuscripts offered for publication should be accurately typed on one side only of good, white, bond paper 81f2xll inches in size. Drawings or photographs that are intended for use as illustrations should be kept separate from the manuscript, not inserted in it, but should be transmitted at the same time. -
Glaciers of Grandes Jorasses: an Open-Air Laboratory for Glacier Monitoring Systems Development
EGU2020-9814 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9814 EGU General Assembly 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Glaciers of Grandes Jorasses: an open-air laboratory for glacier monitoring systems development Niccolò Dematteis1, Daniele Giordan1, and Fabrizio Troilo2 1Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Reasearch Council of Italy, Torino, Italy ([email protected]) 2Safe Mountain Foundation, Courmayeur, Italy Glaciological phenomena can have a strong impact on human activities in terms of hazards and freshwater supply. Therefore, a scientific observation is fundamental to investigate their current state and recent evolution. To this aim, experimenting innovative scientific survey methodologies and equipment is of primary importance. Strong efforts in this field have been spent in the glacial complex of the Grandes Jorasses massif (Mont Blanc area), where several ice break-offs glacial outburst triggered from the Planpincieux Glacier snout and the Whymper Serac and threatened the underling Planpincieux valley in the past. From 2009, the glacial complex has become an open filed laboratory where a wide set of close-range remote sensing survey systems have been developed and applied to investigate the glacial state and dynamics. Two continuous monoscopic time-lapse cameras observe the Planpincieux Glacier since 2013. Digital image correlation is applied to the photographs to measure the surface kinematics at different level of detail. During the monitoring, image analysis techniques allowed at classifying the instability processes of the terminus and at estimating the volume of the break-off events. Such investigation revealed the presence of possible break-off precursors and a monotonic relationship between glacier velocity and break-off volume, which might help for risk evaluation. -
Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska
U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Technical Report to Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/TR-84/1 O December' 1984 reprinted October.·2001 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W. Gabriel and Stephen S. Talbot The Authors HERMAN w. GABRIEL is an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office in Anchorage, Alaskao He holds a B.S. degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D from the University of Montanao From 1956 to 1961 he was a forest inventory specialist with the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Regiono In 1966-67 he served as an inventory expert with UN-FAO in Ecuador. Dra Gabriel moved to Alaska in 1971 where his interest in the description and classification of vegetation has continued. STEPHEN Sa TALBOT was, when work began on this glossary, an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office. He holds a B.A. degree from Bates College, an M.Ao from the University of Massachusetts, and a Ph.D from the University of Alberta. His experience with northern vegetation includes three years as a research scientist with the Canadian Forestry Service in the Northwest Territories before moving to Alaska in 1978 as a botanist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. or. Talbot is now a general biologist with the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Refuge Division, Anchorage, where he is conducting baseline studies of the vegetation of national wildlife refuges. ' . Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W. -
Historically Unprecedented Global Glacier Decline in the Early 21St Century
Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 61, No. 228, 2015 doi: 10.3189/2015JoG15J017 745 Historically unprecedented global glacier decline in the early 21st century Michael ZEMP,1 Holger FREY,1 Isabelle GÄRTNER-ROER,1 Samuel U. NUSSBAUMER,1 Martin HOELZLE,1,2 Frank PAUL,1 Wilfried HAEBERLI,1 Florian DENZINGER,1 Andreas P. AHLSTRØM,3 Brian ANDERSON,4 Samjwal BAJRACHARYA,5 Carlo BARONI,6 Ludwig N. BRAUN,7 Bolívar E. CÁCERES,8 Gino CASASSA,9 Guillermo COBOS,10 Luzmila R. DÁVILA,11 Hugo DELGADO GRANADOS,12 Michael N. DEMUTH,13 Lydia ESPIZUA,14 Andrea FISCHER,15 Koji FUJITA,16 Bogdan GADEK,17 Ali GHAZANFAR,18 Jon Ove HAGEN,19 Per HOLMLUND,20 Neamat KARIMI,21 Zhongqin LI,22 Mauri PELTO,23 Pierre PITTE,14 Victor V. POPOVNIN,24 Cesar A. PORTOCARRERO,11 Rainer PRINZ,25,26,27 Chandrashekhar V. SANGEWAR,28 Igor SEVERSKIY,29 Oddur SIGURÐSSON,30 Alvaro SORUCO,31 Ryskul USUBALIEV,32 Christian VINCENT33 1World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland National Correspondents* for 2CH, 3GL, 4NZ, 5NP, 6IT, 7DE, 8EC, 9CL, 10ES, 11PE, 12MX, 13CA, 14AR, 15AT, 16JP, 17PL, 18PK, 19NO, 20SE, 21IR, 22CN, 23US, 24RU, 25KE, 26TZ, 27UG, 28IN, 29KZ, 30IS, 31BO, 32KG, 33FR Correspondence: Michael Zemp <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. -
TWO TUNNELS in COLD ICE at 4,000 M. on the BREITHORN
TWO TUNNELS IN COLD ICE AT 4,000 m. ON THE BREITHORN By J OEL E. FISHER (New York) ABSTR ACT . A d escription is given of two tunnels, each 60- 70 m. long, one directl y a bove the o ther, a t 4,000 a nd 4,020 m . a.s.1. excavated throug h cold firn and ice of the Breithorn in the A lps. The tem pera ture rose from - 5' 50 C. at the portal to - o· 50 C. a t the rock interface 70 m. from the porta l in the upper tunnel, a nd from - 5' 50 C. to 00 C. at a water reservoir 60 m . from the porta l in the lower tunnel. In both cases cracks or minute sealed crevasses, cut by the tunnel, opera ted to cool the ice locally below the tempera ture to be expected from a smooth curve. Possible origins of the water reservoir a re d iscussed. Small a mounts of a ir a t a moderate pressure, enclosed in small, sealed cracks a nd hollows, were punctured between 60 a nd 70 m. from the portal in the upper tunnel. T he pungent od or of the air thus released was identified as ozone (a) by its cha racteristic odor, (b) by its reacti on on rubber, and (c) by potassium iodide starch paper tests. The so urcc of such ozone is suspected to be minute electric sparks resulting from sta ti c electric charges built up in cold ice when it is subjected under pressure to cracking or deforma ti o n ; photo graphs taken with expos ures of 8 hr.