DOCSLIB.ORG

Week of 28 April Subject Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Grade 9

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Week of 28 April Subject Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Grade 9 Week of 28 April Subject Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Grade 9 English +-15 min +-15 min +-15 min +-45min Watch this video or read the story Read the War and Peas cartoon. Look at the writing prompt and write entitled “The Greek Myth of Talos, the something from your own life, past or First Robot” What visual clues tell you the robot present, that this illustration makes you is scared? think of — or use your imagination to Which king had Talos created? Why is the robot crying for help? write the opening of a short story or How did Talos protect the island? What point is the cartoon making poem from the perspective of one of the What is ichor? about dogs? people pictured. What was the weak point of Talos’s design? Extension (optional): draw your own Extension (optional): read the article Modern science fiction stories often cartoon, featuring an animal’s perspective that goes with the image. imagine that machines, robots, and of humans Artificial Intelligence will develop Remember to read something you enjoy minds of their own and make Remember to read something you enjoy today!! decisions without human input. How today!! does the ancient science fiction tale of Talos fit in with these ideas? Extension (optional): learn more about Jason and the Argonauts here (video) Remember to read something you enjoy today!! Tuesday The Greek myth of Talos, the first robot Hephaestus, god of technology, was hard at work on his most ingenious invention yet. He was creating a new defense system for King Minos, who wanted fewer intruders on his island kingdom of Crete. But mortal guards and ordinary weapons wouldn’t suffice, so the visionary god devised an indomitable new defender. In the fires of his forge, Hephaestus cast his invention in the shape of a giant man. Made of gleaming bronze; endowed with superhuman strength, and powered by ichor, the life fluid of the gods, this automaton was unlike anything Hephaestus had forged before. The god named his creation Talos: the first robot. Three times a day, the bronze guardian marched around the island's perimeter searching for interlopers. When he identified ships approaching the coast, he hurled massive boulders into their path. If any survivors made it ashore, he would heat his metal body red-hot and crush victims to his chest. Talos was intended to fulfill his duties day after day, with no variation. But despite his robotic behavior, he possessed an internal life his victims could scarcely imagine. And soon, the behemoth would encounter a ship of invaders that would test his mettle. The bedraggled crew of Jason, Medea, and the Argonauts were returning from their hard- won quest to retrieve the Golden Fleece. Their adventure had taken many dark turns, and the weary sailors were desperate to rest in a safe harbor. They’d heard tales of Crete’s invulnerable bronze colossus, and made for a sheltered cove. But before they could even drop anchor, Talos spotted them. While the Argonauts cowered at the approach of the awesome automaton, the sorceress Medea spotted a glinting bolt on the robot’s ankle— and devised a clever gambit. Medea offered Talos a bargain: she claimed that she could make Talos immortal in exchange for removing the bolt. Medea's promise resonated deep within his core. Unaware of his own mechanical nature, and human enough to long for eternal life, Talos agreed. While Medea muttered incantations, Jason removed the bolt. As Medea suspected, the bolt was a weak point in Hephaestus’ design. The ichor flowed out like molten lead, draining Talos of his power source. The robot collapsed with a thunderous crash, and the Argonauts were free to travel home. This story, first recorded in roughly 700 BCE, raises some familiar anxieties about artificial intelligence— and even provides an ancient blueprint for science fiction. But according to historians, ancient robots were more than just myths. By the 4th century BCE, Greek engineers began making actual automatons including robotic servants and flying models of birds. None of these creations were as famous as Talos, who appeared on Greek coins, vase paintings, public frescoes, and in theatrical performances. Even 2,500 years ago, Greeks had already begun to investigate the uncertain line between human and machine. And like many modern myths about artificial intelligence, Talos’ tale is as much about his robotic heart as it is about his robotic brain. Illustrating the demise of Talos on a vase of the fifth century BCE, one painter captured the dying automaton’s despair with a tear rolling down his bronze cheek. Available from: https://www.ted.com/talks/adrienne_mayor_the_greek_myth_of_talos_the_first_robot/transcript?l anguage=en (accessed 27 April, 2020) Thursday Wednesday Available from: Available from: https://linsedition.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/war-and- https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/18/learning/social- peas-help-help1.jpg (accessed 27 April 2020) distancing.html (accessed 27 April, 2020) Week of 4 May Subject Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Grade 9 English +-15 min +-15 min +-15 min +-15 min +-15 min +-1hr15min Read the article “Top Read the explanation of Read the poem “The Read the explanation of Look at the writing tips for success in what a relative pronoun Diver” what a portmanteau is. prompt and write a distance learning.” is. paragraph about what What two words you think the image is Write down a Join the following simile from the were the following saying. In your own words, sentences using the poem portmanteaus made write a summary of relative pronoun in What are the from? Extension (optional): - skort the article, which brackets (you must “string of pearls” read the article that goes - brunch you could share write out the whole bubbling at his with the image. - ginormous with your friends to sentence). side? - frenemy help them with - The player scored the Remember to read Write down an Can you think of distance learning. winning goal. They something you enjoy example of your own example of today!! won the best player alliteration from a portmanteau? trophy last year. the poem. The words “there” Extension (optional): (who) How does the and “their” are often create an infographic - My phone broke. I diver feel about mixed up. Write a (with an image and a few got it for my birthday. coming back to the sentence for each key words for each (which) surface? How do word to show the point) from the - My cousin lives in you know? difference between information Durban. Her friend them. became an influencer. Extension (optional): listen to the poem read Extension (optional): Remember to read Extension (optional): here (video) what new word(s) have something you enjoy learn the difference you learned since the today!! between “who” and Remember to read start of the pandemic? Write them down with a “whom” here (video) something you enjoy definition. today!! Remember to read something you enjoy Remember to read today!! something you enjoy today!! Monday Top tips for success in distance learning If this is your first experience with distance learning and you’re unsure of how to structure your days for success, you need to adopt good habits early on to succeed in online learning. Thriving through a change is tough but doable with a positive attitude. A positive attitude about online learning is the best gift you can give yourself. Everything you learn, whether it’s your most favourite or least favourite subject, will help you grow as a person. Creating an orderly learning space to do schoolwork will put you ahead of the game. Be sure you have room for everything you need at your workspace. Label folders to hold papers and notes for each subject. Create a monthly planner to plan your schedule and create your “to do” list, with items ranked in order of priority. While distance blended learning school do give you a more flexible schedule, having a routine will help keep you on track with your schoolwork. Naturally, you can vary your schedule when needed. To make great things happen in your life, it helps to set goals for yourself. Think about what you’d like to accomplish, both short and long term. Is there a class you want to improve on this term? Be sure to put your goals in writing and post the list where you’ll see it often. Start on track and stay on track. It’s always better to be ahead than to be struggling at the last minute! Break down big projects into small, manageable parts—and give each one a deadline. Don’t drag your feet—make yourself do things on time and you’ll be better off in the long run. You will spend a lot of time in front of your books. So scheduling physical fitness into the day is also important. Physical exercise can boost mood, energy, and brainpower. You won’t even have to leave the living room with the many online exercise videos available on social channels like Instagram and YouTube. Every person who succeeds has had to struggle to get there. When you have an argument with a friend, or experience other frustrations, realise that this is a learning experience. Talk to someone to get another point of view—you could be worried about something that’s pretty small in the long run. To move forward, you must take responsibility for what you’ve done (or not done) and decide to change your behaviour in the future. Making a plan for achieving greater success in the future will help you build confidence too! Adapted from: https://www.connectionsacademy.com/support/resources/article/8-top-tips-for-student- success-in-online-school (accessed 27 April 2020) Tuesday Relative pronouns are a type of pronoun (a word, like “her”, which replaces a noun, for example “Xabisa”).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kretan Cult and Customs, Especially in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods: a Religious, Social, and Political Study
    i Kretan cult and customs, especially in the Classical and Hellenistic periods: a religious, social, and political study Thesis submitted for degree of MPhil Carolyn Schofield University College London ii Declaration I, Carolyn Schofield, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been acknowledged in the thesis. iii Abstract Ancient Krete perceived itself, and was perceived from outside, as rather different from the rest of Greece, particularly with respect to religion, social structure, and laws. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the bases for these perceptions and their accuracy. Krete’s self-perception is examined in the light of the account of Diodoros Siculus (Book 5, 64-80, allegedly based on Kretan sources), backed up by inscriptions and archaeology, while outside perceptions are derived mainly from other literary sources, including, inter alia, Homer, Strabo, Plato and Aristotle, Herodotos and Polybios; in both cases making reference also to the fragments and testimonia of ancient historians of Krete. While the main cult-epithets of Zeus on Krete – Diktaios, associated with pre-Greek inhabitants of eastern Krete, Idatas, associated with Dorian settlers, and Kretagenes, the symbol of the Hellenistic koinon - are almost unique to the island, those of Apollo are not, but there is good reason to believe that both Delphinios and Pythios originated on Krete, and evidence too that the Eleusinian Mysteries and Orphic and Dionysiac rites had much in common with early Kretan practice. The early institutionalization of pederasty, and the abduction of boys described by Ephoros, are unique to Krete, but the latter is distinct from rites of initiation to manhood, which continued later on Krete than elsewhere, and were associated with different gods.
    [Show full text]
  • Naming the Extrasolar Planets
    Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology (2007)
    P1: JzG 9780521845205pre CUFX147/Woodard 978 0521845205 Printer: cupusbw July 28, 2007 1:25 The Cambridge Companion to GREEK MYTHOLOGY S The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology presents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of ancient Greek mythic tradition. Divided into three sections, the work consists of sixteen original articles authored by an ensemble of some of the world’s most distinguished scholars of classical mythology. Part I provides readers with an examination of the forms and uses of myth in Greek oral and written literature from the epic poetry of the eighth century BC to the mythographic catalogs of the early centuries AD. Part II looks at the relationship between myth, religion, art, and politics among the Greeks and at the Roman appropriation of Greek mythic tradition. The reception of Greek myth from the Middle Ages to modernity, in literature, feminist scholarship, and cinema, rounds out the work in Part III. The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology is a unique resource that will be of interest and value not only to undergraduate and graduate students and professional scholars, but also to anyone interested in the myths of the ancient Greeks and their impact on western tradition. Roger D. Woodard is the Andrew V.V.Raymond Professor of the Clas- sics and Professor of Linguistics at the University of Buffalo (The State University of New York).He has taught in the United States and Europe and is the author of a number of books on myth and ancient civiliza- tion, most recently Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Titanic Origin of Humans: the Melian Nymphs and Zagreus Velvet Yates
    The Titanic Origin of Humans: The Melian Nymphs and Zagreus Velvet Yates HE FIRST PART of this paper examines a minor mystery in Hesiod’s Theogony, centering around the Melian Nymphs, Tin order to assess the suggestions, both ancient and modern, that the Melian Nymphs were the mothers of the human race. The second part examines the afterlife of Hesiod’s Melian Nymphs over a thousand years later, in the allegorizing myths of late Neoplatonism, in order to suggest that the Hesiodic myth in which the Melian Nymphs primarily figure, namely the castration of Ouranos, has close similarities to a central Neoplatonic myth, that of Zagreus. Both myths depict a “Titanic” act of destruction and separation which leads to the birth of the human race. Both myths furthermore seek to account for a divine element which human nature retains from its origins. The Melian Nymphs in Hesiod ˜ssai går =ayãmiggew ép°ssuyen aflmatÒessai, pãsaw d°jato Ga›a: periplom°nou d' §niautoË ge¤nat' ÉErinËw te krateråw megãlouw te G¤gantaw, teÊxesi lampom°nouw, dol¤x' ¶gxea xers‹n ¶xontaw, NÊmfaw y' ìw Mel¤aw kal°ous' §p' épe¤rona ga›an. Gaia took in all the bloody drops that spattered off, and as the seasons of the year turned round she bore the potent Furies and the Giants, immense, dazzling in their armor, holding long spears in their hands, and then she bore the Melian Nymphs on the boundless earth.1 1 Theog. 183–187. Translations of Hesiod adapted from A. Athanassakis, Hesiod: Theogony, Works and Days, Shield (Baltimore 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • A. Mayor, Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines and Ancient Dreams of Technology
    A. Mayor, Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines and Ancient Dreams of Technology. Princeton, 2018. 304 pp, Hb. ISBN 9780691183510; $29.95 USD. In 1942, the great science fiction writer Isaac Asimov conceived of three laws of Robotics mandating that: “A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.” A later addition, the fourth, or zeroth law, outweighed the others: “A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm” (“Runaround,” 1942, later republished in I, Robot [1950]; Mayor, p. 177). Such anxieties resonated with ancient thinkers, and Mayor interrogates these and similar tensions in Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines and Ancient Dreams of Technology. One of her stated goals is to “suggest that on deeper levels the ancient myths about artificial life can provide a context from the exponential developments in artificial life and Artificial Intelligence (AI)—and the looming practical and moral implications” (p. 214). In this she succeeds as she straddles the myth, philosophy, science, and technology of the ancient and modern worlds. In this accessibly written and richly illustrated book (72 black and white illustrations plus 14 color plates), Mayor has collected textual and visual evidence for biotechnology in the ancient Mediterranean world, woven together with telling comparanda from other pre-modern societies (ancient Chinese, ancient Indian, Islamic, and medieval European). In addition to ancient evidence, Mayor considers “modern” science fiction as it may have been informed by the ancient tales as well as initiatives in modern robotics.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Robotics: Timeline
    History of Robotics: Timeline This history of robotics is intertwined with the histories of technology, science and the basic principle of progress. Technology used in computing, electricity, even pneumatics and hydraulics can all be considered a part of the history of robotics. The timeline presented is therefore far from complete. Robotics currently represents one of mankind’s greatest accomplishments and is the single greatest attempt of mankind to produce an artificial, sentient being. It is only in recent years that manufacturers are making robotics increasingly available and attainable to the general public. The focus of this timeline is to provide the reader with a general overview of robotics (with a focus more on mobile robots) and to give an appreciation for the inventors and innovators in this field who have helped robotics to become what it is today. RobotShop Distribution Inc., 2008 www.robotshop.ca www.robotshop.us Greek Times Some historians affirm that Talos, a giant creature written about in ancient greek literature, was a creature (either a man or a bull) made of bronze, given by Zeus to Europa. [6] According to one version of the myths he was created in Sardinia by Hephaestus on Zeus' command, who gave him to the Cretan king Minos. In another version Talos came to Crete with Zeus to watch over his love Europa, and Minos received him as a gift from her. There are suppositions that his name Talos in the old Cretan language meant the "Sun" and that Zeus was known in Crete by the similar name of Zeus Tallaios.
    [Show full text]
  • Melian Nymphs Scholars Widely Assume That Hesiod Alludes to An
    Melian Nymphs Scholars widely assume that Hesiod alludes to an older tradition that human beings sprang from ash trees or their nymphs (West 1978, on WD 145-6, Most 1997,109- 110; Hardie 2000, 20; Yates 2004; Sistakou 2009, 253 n. 35): at Theog. 187, where the Meliae, like the Giants, are born from Gaia and Ouranos' blood, perhaps at Theog. 563, and at WD 145, where Zeus makes the Bronze Race from ash-trees. However, there really is no evidence for such a tradition before Hesiod; it is an interpretation of Hesiod's text. Hesiod narrates how Zeus withdrew fire at Theog. 563-4,: οὐκ ἐδίδου μελίῃσι πυρὸς μένος ἀκαμάτοιο θνητοῖς ἀνθρώποις οἳ ἐπὶ χθονὶ ναιετάουσιν He was not giving the power of tireless fire to the ash-trees for the benefit of mortal men who live on the earth Ancient commentators took μελίῃσι as a synonym for ἀνθρώποις, as the scholia show: 563b.) μ ε λ ί ῃ σ ι ν : ἀντὶ τοῦ μελιηγενὴς ἢ ἀπό τινος Μελίας οὕτω καλουμένης νύμφης. ἄλλως. ἢ ὅτι ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐκ Μελιῶν νυμφῶν ἐγεννῶντο οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἢ ὅτι γεννώμενοι ἐρρίπτοντο ὑπὸ ταῖς μελίαις, ἤτοι τοῖς δένδροις. Ash-trees: instead of "ash-born" or from a certain nymph who was named this way, Melia. Or because in the beginning people were born from the Melian numphs or because at birth they were cast under ash- trees, or simply trees. We cannot know why ancient scholars preferred this interpretation instead of the simpler one that Zeus transmitted fire into trees (ash is an excellent firewood).
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Latin Literature and Style Pursue in Greater Depth; (C) It Increases an Awareness of Style and Linguistic Structure
    An Introduction to Latin Literature and Style by Floyd L. Moreland Rita M. Fleischer revised by Andrew Keller Stephanie Russell Clement Dunbar The Latin/Greek Institute The City University ojNew York Introduction These materials have been prepared to fit the needs of the Summer Latin Institute of Brooklyn College and The City University of New York. and they are structured as an appropriate sequel to Moreland and Fleischer. Latin: An Intensive Course (University of California Press. 1974). However, students can use these materials with equal effectiveness after the completion of any basic grammar text and in any intermediate Latin course whose aim is to introduce students to a variety of authors of both prose and poetry. The materials are especially suited to an intensive or accelerated intermediate course. The authors firmly believe that, upon completion of a basic introduction to grammar. the only way to learn Latin well is to read as much as possible. A prime obstacle to reading is vocabulary: students spend much energy and time looking up the enormous number of words they do not know. Following the system used by Clyde Pharr in Vergil's Aeneid. Books I-VI (Heath. 1930), this problem is minimized by glossing unfamiliar words on each page oftext. Whether a word is familiar or not has been determined by its occurrence or omission in the formal unit vocabularies of Moreland and Fleischer, Latin: An Intensive Course. Students will need to know the words included in the vocabularies of that text and be acquainted with some of the basic principles of word formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mythic Bio-Techne in Classical Antiquity: Desire, Hope, and Dread
    Mayor, Mythic Bio-Techne, 1 Mythic Bio-Techne in Classical Antiquity: Desire, Hope, and Dread Adrienne Mayor Biotechnique Exhibit Catalog, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, 2007 The apprehension and exuberance (rational or otherwise) evoked by obscuring the lines between the natural and unnatural, art and science, life and death, might seem to be new constellations of human emotions called into being by uniquely modern biotechnological advances. Concepts of replicating, amplifying, and creating life itself— and the ambivalence that surrounds such issues—have very ancient roots, and were explored in Greek mythology and art, thousands of years before the advent of modern science. Ancient narratives about artificial life, surpassing human limits, and controlling potentially dangerous biotechnologies feature familiar legendary figures: Hercules, Medea, Daedalus, Pandora. Classical stories describing what the ancient Greeks might have termed bio- techne (bios, life, crafted through the art of science, techne) eerily foreshadow the ways that contemporary feelings of optimism about modern biotechnology vie with a sense of dread. In classical antiquity, as in modernity, cultural dreams and nightmares about bio-techne Mayor, Mythic Bio-Techne, 2 inspired artistic endeavors. Artisans created hybrid mythological life- forms for public display. Bio-techne myths led playwrights like Euripides and Sophocles to produce haunting dramatic performances, and artists illustrated the stories in vase paintings and sculpture. These classical artifacts continue to have powerful impacts on modern audiences. The stories discussed in this essay help to place the seemingly modern idea of manipulating life within early mytho-historic traditions. The examples I’ve selected fall into four, often overlapping categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Sailing Into the Past: Encountering the Monstrous in Apollonius’ Argonautica
    Sailing into the Past: Encountering the Monstrous in Apollonius’ Argonautica by Edgar Adrian García, B.A. A Thesis In Classics Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved Dr. David Larmour Chair of Committee Dr. Donald Lavigne Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School May, 2015 Copyright 2015, Edgar García Texas Tech University, Edgar A. García, May 2015 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are a number of people who have offered me invaluable support over the course of completing this study. First of all, I would like to thank the members of my committee for their guidance and enthusiasm. David Larmour has provided feedback on numerous versions of this thesis. His seminars on both Archaic Greek Lyric and Hellenistic poetry allowed me to gain a deeper appreciation for poetry and an understanding of intertextuality, narratology, and other literary techniques that have been invaluable to both this thesis and my growth as a scholar. Don Lavigne provided many brilliant comments on the metapoetic elements at play in Hellenistic poetry. Don was always kind enough to bring a critical and encouraging attitude to my work. I would like to thank Corby Kelly for his support and encouragement. His seminars on Tibullus and Oidipous Tyrannos my first semester in the program introduced me to the world of literary scholarship. Despite the initial growing pains, Corby was always very supportive and I believe his seminars provided the groundwork that allowed my time in the program to be academically and personally successful. I would also like to thank Christopher Witmore whose seminar on the chorography of the Argolid and Corinthia completely my theoretical views and interests.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Mythology —
    Ex-libris Ernest Rudge 22500629148 CASSELL’S POCKET REFERENCE LIBRARY A Dictionary of Mythology — Cassell’s Pocket Reference Library The first Six Volumes are : English Dictionary Poetical Quotations Proverbs and Maxims Dictionary of Mythology Gazetteer of the British Isles The Pocket Doctor Others are in active preparation In two Bindings—Cloth and Leather A DICTIONARY MYTHOLOGYOF BEING A CONCISE GUIDE TO THE MYTHS OF GREECE AND ROME, BABYLONIA, EGYPT, AMERICA, SCANDINAVIA, & GREAT BRITAIN BY LEWIS SPENCE, M.A. Author of “ The Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru,” etc. i CASSELL AND COMPANY, LTD. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne 1910 ca') zz-^y . a k. WELLCOME INS77Tint \ LIBRARY Coll. W^iMOmeo Coll. No. _Zv_^ _ii ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTRODUCTION Our grandfathers regarded the study of mythology as a necessary adjunct to a polite education, without a knowledge of which neither the classical nor the more modem poets could be read with understanding. But it is now recognised that upon mythology and folklore rests the basis of the new science of Comparative Religion. The evolution of religion from mythology has now been made plain. It is a law of evolution that, though the parent types which precede certain forms are doomed to perish, they yet bequeath to their descendants certain of their characteristics ; and although mythology has perished (in the civilised world, at least), it has left an indelible stamp not only upon modem religions, but also upon local and national custom. The work of Fruger, Lang, Immerwahr, and others has revolutionised mythology, and has evolved from the unexplained mass of tales of forty years ago a definite and systematic science.
    [Show full text]
  • Hephaestus the Magician and Near Eastern Parallels for Alcinous' Watchdogs , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 28:3 (1987:Autumn) P.257
    FARAONE, CHRISTOPHER A., Hephaestus the Magician and Near Eastern Parallels for Alcinous' Watchdogs , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 28:3 (1987:Autumn) p.257 Hephaestus the Magician and Near Eastern Parallels for Alcinous' Watchdogs Christopher A. Faraone s ODYSSEUS enters the palace of the Phaeacian king he stops to A marvel at its richly decorated fa9ade and the gold and silver dogs that stand before it (Od. 7.91-94): , ~,t: I () \, I , ")" XPVCHLOL u EKanp E KaL apyvpEoL KVVES l1CTav, C 'll I 'll ovs'" ·'HA-.'t'aLCTTOS' ETEV~" EV LuVL?1CTL 7rpa7rLUECTCTL oWJJ.a <pvAaCTCTEJJ.EvaL JJ.EyaA~TopoS' ' AAKWOOLO, a'() avaTOVS'I OVTaS'" KaL\ aYl1pwS'')',' l1JJ.aTa 7raVTa.I On either side [sc. of the door] there were golden and silver dogs, immortal and unaging forever, which Hephaestus had fashioned with cunning skill to protect the home of Alcinous the great­ hearted. All the scholiasts give the same euhemerizing interpretation: the dogs were statues fashioned so true to life that they seemed to be alive and were therefore able to frighten away any who might attempt evil. Eustathius goes on to suggest that the adjectives 'undying' and 'un­ aging' refer not literally to biological life, but rather to the durability of the rust-proof metals from which they were fashioned, and that the dogs were alleged to be the work of Hephaestus solely on account of their excellent workmanship. 1 Although similarly animated works of Hephaestus appear elsewhere in Homer, such as the golden servant girls at Il. 18.417-20, modern commentators have also been reluctant to take Homer's description of these dogs at face value.
    [Show full text]